模塊五第一單元語法

M5Unit1GrammarandUsageTeachingAims:Tolearnthebasicformoftheto-infinitiveandthebareinfinitiveandlearnhowtousethemindifferentsituationsTolearnhowtousetheverb-ingformasanouninvarioussituations.Tosummarizecommonandimportantverbsrelatedtoinfinitiveandverb-ingToapplywhattheylearntopracticebyfulfillingsomewrittenmistakes.TeachingKeyPoints:TheusagesofpersuadeanddiscourageTeachingDifficulties:Theusagesofinfinitiveandverb-ingTeachingProcedure:StepOne:Leading-inT:(Greettheclassasusual)Nowboysandgirls,pleaselookatthescreenandtellmethefunctionsoftheunderlinedpartsinthesentences:subject,object,objectcomplement,attributive,predicative,oradverbial?Tomseemedexcitedwhenheheardthegoodnewsyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tallowhimtogoout,forhehadlotsofhomeworktodo.Inordertokeephealthy,Jacktakesexerciseeverymorning.(Thelpsstudentsreviewthebasicsentenceelements.Havestudentsanalyzetheabovesentences.Givethemsometodiscussthesentencesinpairsfirstandthenchecktheanswers.)StepTwo:To-infinitiveT:Verygood!Now,pleaseopenyourbooktopage11andreadtheinstructiontotellmethebasicstructureoftheto-infinitive.S:to+thebaseformofaverbT:(Makesurestudentsknowwhatitis.)That’sgood.Theto-infinitivecanbeusedaloneoraspartofaninfinitivephrase.Nextgothroughthesamplesentencesinpoint1andtellmethefunctionsoftheto-infinitive.Ss:…(Letthemtalkaboutthemingroupsoffourandthenchecktheanswersasawhole.Tcanshowthestudentsmoreexamplesifpossibleandcollecttheminthefollowingtable.)FunctionsSampleSentencesSubjectTofindabestfriendisdifficult.Itisdifficulttofindabestfriend.ObjectIneedtosleepforeighthourseveryday.Pleaseremembertowritetome.ObjectComplementIaskhimtocomeover.HeorderedTomtoleaveatonce.AttributeIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.Ihavetwoletterstowrite.PredicativeHisintentionwastocheermeup.Myjobistodeliverletters.AdverbialMydadarrangedsomeswimminglessonstosurpriseme.Heworkedhardtoprovideforhisbigfamily.T:Wonderful.Besides,youneedalsopayattentiontothefollowingpoint:Theto-infinitiveoftenfollowssomeverbsastheobjectofasentence.Want,hope,like,begin,start,try,forget,agree,learn,refuse,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,prefer,meanetc.T:Ok.Readthepoint2,theto-infinitivecanalsohaveacontinuousorperfectforminactiveorpassivevoice.ActiveVoicePassiveVoiceBasicformtodotobedonePerfectformtohavedonetohavebeendoneContinuousformtobedoing(Teacherscanshowthemmoree.g.Iamgladtomeetyou.e.g.Tomissaidtohavewrittenasciencefictionbookaboutlove.e.g.Tomhappenedtobetalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.StepThree:BareinfinitiveT:Ok,let’sgoontolearnanotherkindofinfinitivecalledthebareinfinitive,thatis,theinfinitivewithoutto.(Askthemtoreadthegroup1toanswerinwhatsituationsbareinfinitivecanbeused.)Weusethebareinfinitiveafterlet,makeandhaveeq\o\ac(○,1)Iletherborrowmybook.eq\o\ac(○,2)Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.(Reviewwhentheyarechangedintothepassive,‘to’shouldbeaddedbeforethebareinfinitive.)verbsofperception:feel,hear,see,observe,noticeandwatcheq\o\ac(○,1)Ioftenseethemplaybasketballtogether.eq\o\ac(○,2)Iheardhimsinginthenextroomyesterday.Phrasesorpatterns:wouldrather,hadbetter,andwhynoteq\o\ac(○,1)I’dratherstayathomeinsteadofwatchingthefilm.eq\o\ac(○,2)You’dbetternotbelate.T:Inaddition,youneedalsopayattentiontothefollowingpoint:Thenegativeformoftheinfinitive:addnotbeforeinfinitivee.g.Hedecidednottodoit.e.g.ThedoctoradvisedTomhadbetternotsmoke.T:Welldone.Nowreadthegroup2andmakesurestudentsunderstandthatwecanusethebareinfinitiveforthesecondinfinitivewhentwoinfinitivesarejoinedbyand,or,except,but,than,ratherthan,asorlike.e.g.IforgottoturnoffthelightsandclosethedoorwhenIleft.e.g.WehavenothingtodobutwatchTV.(Latercompletetheexerciseonpage9)SuggestedAnswers:1.tothank2.totalk3.tohave4.e-mail5.toreceive6.togo7.watch8.borrow9.visit10.spend11.write12.tell13.tosee14.make15.come(Afterthis,givethestudentsafewminutestoaskforhelpiftheyhaveanyquestions)StepFour:Verb-ingasanounT:Now,let’sgoonwithVerb-ingasanounonpage10.Readthegroup1andletthemtellhowtousethemindifferentsituations.(collecttheiranswersinthetable)SampleSentencesUsagesSwimmingisgoodforyourhealth.AsSubjectIloveswimminginthesea.AsObjectIkeepfitbyswimmingeveryday.Afterprep.Herswimmingisimprovingdaybyday.AfterPossessivesTheoldmanhastouseawalkingstick.CompoundNounsT:Good!Nextgothroughthegroup2and3.AndtellmeinwhatsituationswecanuseVerb-ingforms.WeuseVerb-ing(notainfinitive),afterthefollowingwords:admitdislikeimaginedelayconsidermindunderstandavoidenjoypractisemissfinishkeepsuggestSomecommonphrasesareusedwithVerb-ingforms.cannothelpIcannothelpwonderingwhyshedoesnotlikeme.lookforwardtoIlookforwardtoseeingyouattheparty.feellikeIdon’tfeellikedoinganythingnow.cannotstandShecannotstandseeingthatboy.Itisnouse/goodItisnousecryingaboutyourexamresultsnow.putoffIhadtoputoffshoppingforawhile.keeponHekeptonaskingmeformyphonenumber.T:Next,readthegroup4and5carefullytocollectthefollowing:Wecanuseaverb-ingoraninfinitiveafterthefollowingverbswithlittledifferenceinmeaningbutsometimeswithsomedifferenceinmeaningorusagesuchaseq\o\ac(○,1)continuepreferbeginhatelikestartlove(littledifference)eq\o\ac(○,2)forgeregretremembermeantrygoon(withsomedifference)(Givestudentssometimetotakeinwhattheyhavelearntandexplainanydifficultyraisedbythem.Lateraskthemtoreadthenotesonpage11andcompletethee-mailindividually.SuggestedAnswers:1.visiting/tovisit2.chatting3.viditing4.pretending5.chatting/t