新課標(biāo)19年新教材高中英語unit2sportsandfitnesssectionⅡlanguage

SectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(TopicTalk&Lesson1)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1．Heeasilydefeated(戰(zhàn)勝)hisopponentintheelection.2．Whatisyourbiggestsourceofinspiration(靈感)?3．Mysecretaryleavesusnextweek，soweareadvertisingforareplacement(替換的人)．4．Iamfilledwithdesire(渴望)togobackhome.5．Thetravelertookoutabottleofwaterfromthepack(包裹)onhisback.6．IprefergoingtothecinematowatchingTV.7．Hecutdownoncoffeeandcigarettes，andateabalanceddiet.8．Shedecidedtorentoutaroomtogetextraincome.9．Thelittlegirlpresentedthechampionwithflowers.10．Theplanecrashedbutthecrewweresafe.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．frequentadj.頻繁的，經(jīng)常的→frequentlyadv.頻繁地；經(jīng)常地→frequencyn．發(fā)生的頻率，發(fā)生率2．prefervt.更喜歡→preferencen．偏愛；優(yōu)先3．balancen．平衡，均衡；天平vt.權(quán)衡；使平衡→balancedadj.均衡的4．replacevt.替換；取代→replacementn．替換的人/物5．gathervi.&vt.聚集，聚合→gatheringn．聚集；集會6．sharpadj.鋒利的；突然的；靈敏的→sharplyadv.嚴(yán)厲地；毫不客氣地7．energyn．力量，活力→energeticadj.精力充沛的8．crowdn．人群→crowdedadj.擁擠的9．earnvt.贏得；博得→earningn．收入；賺得的錢Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語1．ratherthan而不是2．ingood/badshape 體形好/不好3．gethurt 受傷4．onone'sown 獨立；獨自5．tryoutforsth. 參加選拔；爭取成為(團(tuán)隊的一員)6．crashinto 猛撞，猛擊7．let...down 讓……失望8．payoff 取得成功；奏效9．keepupwith 跟上，保持同步10．hitsb.ontheshoulder 拍某人肩膀Ⅳ.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Heisnotsohandsomebutisingoodshapewithnicebroadshoulders.2．Theycouldnotkeepupwithuswhenweclimbedthemountain.3．Mybrotherwanttotryoutforthefootballteam.4．Hishardworkingwilleventuallypayoff.5．It'snoteasyforhimtogetaroundbecausehisleggothurt.[尋規(guī)律、巧記憶]v.＋-ing→n.v.＋off→動詞短語smoking吸煙nursing護(hù)理writing寫作 calloff取消putoff推遲turnoff關(guān)掉背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實1.Paulknewthatbeingshorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopractisemore.保羅知道自己比其他球員矮意味著他需要多加練習(xí)。動名詞作主語Findingworkisdifficultthesedays.現(xiàn)今找工作可不容易。2.Pauldidn'tknowhe'dsoongetthechancethathe'dbeenwaitingfor.保羅不知道他很快就得到他一直等的機(jī)會。過去完成進(jìn)行時Shewastired.Shehadbeenworkingallday.她很累了。她整天都在工作。3.Idon'tthinkIcanplayanymore，Coach.教練，我認(rèn)為我不能再打了。 否定前置 Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不認(rèn)識你。(教材P28)Iprefertoplaybasketballratherthanplayfootball.我寧愿打籃球而不愿踢足球。(1)prefervt.更喜歡；寧可；寧愿prefersth./doingsth. 更喜歡做某事prefer(sb.)todosth. 寧愿(某人)做某事prefer(doing)Ato(doing)B 寧愿(做)A而不愿(做)BprefertodoAratherthandoB 寧愿做A而不愿做B①Imuchpreferdogstocats.和貓比起來我更喜歡狗。②Iwouldprefernottogoouttoday.我今天寧愿不出去。③Iwouldpreferplayingoutdoorstowatching(watch)TV.我寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。④Hepreferstogo(go)tothemoviesratherthanstayathome.他寧愿去看電影而不愿待在家里。(2)ratherthan而不是(1)常用句型eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.,woulddosth.ratherthandosth.,wouldratherdosth.thandosth.))寧愿做……而,不愿做……(2)ratherthan連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與ratherthan前面的詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。⑤Ifyouareoneofthem，Iwouldsaytheonlywaytochangethingsisbydoingratherthancomplaining.如果你是他們中的一員，我想說改變事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。⑥Shepreferredtostay(stay)athomeratherthangoshoppingwithhim.她寧愿待在家里，而不愿與他去購物。⑦M(jìn)ary，ratherthanyou，is(be)toblamefornotfinishingtheworkontime.是瑪麗而不是你應(yīng)為沒有按時完成工作而受責(zé)備。balancedadj.均衡的；平衡的(教材P28)haveahealthyandbalanceddiet有一個健康均衡的飲食(1)balanceddiet 均衡飲食(2)balancen. 平衡；天平vt. 權(quán)衡；(使)平衡keepone'sbalance 保持平衡loseone'sbalance 失去平衡onbalance 總的來說①Janelostherbalanceontheslippinggroundandfellover.地上很滑，簡一下子失去了平衡，跌倒了。②Onbalance，wehaveagoodchanceofwinningtherace.總的來說，我們很有希望贏得比賽。③Thepresidentisplanningforabalanced(balance)budget.總裁正在為平衡預(yù)算作策劃。tryoutforsth.參加選拔；爭取成為(團(tuán)隊的一員)(教材P30)Paulhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.保羅多次參加選拔，想要入選球隊。tryout 試用，試驗tryfor 試圖獲得或贏得某物trysth.on 試穿衣物tryone'sbest 盡力tryone'sluck 試試運氣①Alison'stryingforajobasaresearchassistant. 阿莉森正在爭取一份研究助理的工作。②Weshouldtryourbesttoattend(attend)onourparents，andmakethemhappyintheirlateryears.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力照顧好我們的父母并使他們晚年幸福。③ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedItryoutforthebasketballteam.這件事始于當(dāng)一位老師建議我參加籃球隊員的選拔的時候。replacementn．替換的人/物(教材P30)Hewasstillusuallyonthebench，beingjustareplacement，whichwasreallytoughonhim.然而，他仍舊通?！白宓省弊鳛樘嫜a(bǔ)隊員，這讓他感到很痛苦。replacevt. 取代；替換replace...by/with... 以……代替/替換①Iamgoingtoreplacemybatteredcarwithanewone.我打算買輛新車來取代我那輛破車。②Weneedareplacement(replace)forthesecretarywholeft.我們需要一個人代替已離職的秘書。[名師點津]表示“代替”的短語還有：inplaceof＝inone'splace；taketheplaceof＝takeone'splace。desiren．愿望，欲望，渴望v．渴望，期望(教材P30)EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskills，andwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhardandhadastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.每個人都知道保羅有著真正的技術(shù)，他是一個非常努力的人，并且很渴望為球隊打球。(1)adesireforsth.渴望得到某物haveadesiretodo/that... 有……的欲望/愿望(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 想讓某人做某事desirethatsb.(should＋)動詞原形 希望/要求某人做……①Evenso，sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.盡管如此，她的勇氣和渴望成功的強(qiáng)烈愿望給世人留下了深刻的印象。②ThefansofLiYoubindesiredthatthey(should)watch(watch)hisnextmoviesoon.李幼斌的影迷非?？释^看他的下一部影片。③Hedesiresmetogo(go)abroadforfurthereducation.＝HedesiresthatI(should)go(go)abroadforfurthereducation.他希望我能出國深造。letsb.down使失望，辜負(fù)(別人的信任或期望)(教材P31)Iwon'tletyoudown!我不會讓你失望的。letalone 更不用說letdown 放下，降低，使失望letgo(of) 放開，松手letoff 寬恕，免除letout 放掉，發(fā)出①Wefearnodeath，letalonedifficulties.我們死都不怕，何況困難？②BecausehewasaChristian，thejudgelethimoff.由于他是基督徒，法官便對他從輕發(fā)落。③Whenshesawhim，sheletoutacryofhorror.她看見他時嚇得大叫一聲。payoff取得成功；奏效；還清(債務(wù))；有回報(教材P31)Andclearly，alltheextrahoursthathe'dspentpractisingalonepaidoff.很顯然，他獨自一人訓(xùn)練花的額外時間得到了回報。寫出下列句中payoff的含義①Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopayoffthatloan.還清②Sandrawasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandherpersistencepaidoff.得到回報③Didyourdaringplanpayoff?取得成功payback 償還，歸還；報答；回報；報復(fù)payfor 付……的錢，受……的報應(yīng)payup (把應(yīng)支付的錢)繳清，付清④Allthoseweeksofstudyingwillpayoffwhenyoutaketheexam.所有那幾周的學(xué)習(xí)都會在考試的時候見成效。⑤You'llhavetopayoffyouroldloanbeforebeingallowedanewone.你必須還清舊債，才能重新貸款。⑥Ifyoudon'tworknow，you'llpayforitlaterwhenyoufailyourexams.你現(xiàn)在不好好學(xué)，到考試不及格時就得為此而付出代價。keepupwith跟上，保持同步(教材P31)Theotherteamjustcouldn'tkeepupwithhisenergyandspeed.另一支球隊無法跟上他的精力和速度。keepatsth. 堅持做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth. 阻止某人做某事keepback 忍住，隱瞞；抑制keepoff 避開，防止，擋住keepoutof 使不進(jìn)入……keepup 保持，繼續(xù)①Hekeptatthejobuntilfinished.他堅持把工作干完。 ②Therainkeptusfromgoing(go)out.下雨使我們沒法出去。③Shecouldn'tkeepbackhertears.她忍不住哭了。④Ihopethefineweatherwillkeepup.我希望好天氣會保持下去。 crowdn．人群；群眾(教材P31)Hemadeshotaftershot，andthecrowdcouldn'tstopclappingandcheering.他一個接一個的投籃，人群忍不住鼓掌歡呼。(1)acrowdof一群，一伙(2)crowdv. 擠滿；涌入crowdin 擠進(jìn)crowdout 擠出；推開(3)crowdedadj. 擁擠的becrowdedwith 擠滿了……①Iwasnearlypushedoverbyacrowdofchildren.我差點被一群孩子們推倒。②Manyfootballfanscrowdedinwhenthegatewasopened.大門打開后，許多足球迷都涌了進(jìn)來。③Shopswerecrowdedwithcustomerslookingoverthecolourfuldisplays.商店里擠滿了在觀看陳列的豐富多采商品的顧客。hitsb.ontheshoulder打在某人肩上(教材P31)“Well，”saidtheCoachashehitPaulontheshoulder，“you'vejustearnedyourplaceontheteam，bigguy！”“好，”教練一邊拍了下保羅的肩膀一邊說，“你為自己贏得了在球隊中的地位，‘大個子’！”“hit/beat/strike/pat/touch＋sb.＋on/in＋the＋身體部位”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)其中的定冠詞不可用物主代詞代替，如果打在堅硬結(jié)實的部位如head，shoulder，back等，前面常用介詞on；如果打在柔軟多肉的部位如leg，eye，face等，前面常用介詞in。①AsIturnedaround，Iaccidentallyhithimintheface.我轉(zhuǎn)身時不經(jīng)意撞了他的臉。②Thestonestruckmeonthesideofthehead.石子打中了我頭部的側(cè)面。(教材P30)Paulknewthatbeingshorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopractisemore.保羅知道自己比其他球員矮意味著他需要多加練習(xí)。【要點提煉】本句that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中beingshorterthanotherplayers作主語。(1)動名詞直接位于句首作主語。(2)用it作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置于句尾作后置主語。動名詞作主語時，不太常用it作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。①Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.大聲朗讀對我們學(xué)一門外語非常重要。②Itwasawasteoftimereading(read)thatbook.讀那本書是浪費時間。(教材P31)Idon'tthinkIcanplayanymore，Coach.教練，我認(rèn)為我不能再打了。【要點提煉】本句中Idon'tthink是否定前置，是指如果帶有否定的賓語從句，賓語從句中的否定詞通常提前，用來否定主句的謂語動詞。(1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think，believe，feel，guess，expect，suppose，imagine等表示“觀點、信念、推測、臆測”等心理活動時，常常使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)這種結(jié)構(gòu)的反義疑問句主語和謂語動詞必須與賓語從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持一致。 ①Idon'tthinkheisagoodswimmer，ishe?我認(rèn)為他不是個好的游泳選手，難道不是嗎？②Idon'tthinkyouareright.我想你不對。[名師點津](1)當(dāng)主語為第一人稱I，we時，通常反問的是從句；而當(dāng)主語不是第一人稱時，則反問主句。(2)若謂語動詞為hope，賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。關(guān)系代詞的用法語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1.Whenweweren'tplayingonthecourtwhichwasnexttoourbuilding，wewerewatchingagameonTV.2.Paul'sfavouriteplayerwasTyroneBogues，aguywhoplayedfortheCharlotteHornets.3.Pauldidn'tknowhe'dsoongetthechancethathe'dbeenwaitingfor.4.TheywereplayingagainstTheBears，ateamwhoserecordwasperfect.句子中which，who，that和whose是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。一、常見關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1．that可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語。2．which指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語。Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主語)在桌子上的那本書是我父親買的。3．who，whom，whose(1)who主格，在從句中作主語，只可指人。(2)whom賓格，在從句中只能作賓語；只可指人。(3)whose表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語。譯為某人的，某物的。(4)whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋ofwhich(某物的)＝the＋n.＋ofwhom(某人的)。二、只能用that，不能用which的情況1．先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾。Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.所有來自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、theonly，thevery，thelast等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that，不用which。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasCities.我讀的第一本英文小說是《城市》。ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.這是我見過的最激動人心的足球比賽之一。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。3．先行詞既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞只用that，不用which。Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。TheforeignvisitorsspokehighlyofthepioneersandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren'sPalace.外國游客高度贊揚(yáng)了他們在少年宮所看到的少先隊員以及他們的表演。4．句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which，為避免重復(fù)，不用which而用that引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超過我們的是哪輛車？三、只用which，不能用that的情況1．在介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞之前形成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來修飾表事物的先行詞時，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.這是老師正在談及的那本參考書。2．先行詞為“those＋表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.學(xué)生應(yīng)牢記那些規(guī)范自己的行為準(zhǔn)則。Abookshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.書店應(yīng)該經(jīng)營新出版的各種暢銷書。3．當(dāng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that。單句語法填空1．Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.2．Thewomanwho/whomwetalkedaboutismysister.3．Hetoldeverythingthathehadseeninthetrafficaccident.4．ThiswasthebestmodeloftheTVsetthatthefactoryproducedlastyear.5．Idon'tlikethegirlwho/whomyouaretalkingabout.6．Thisistheho