2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省西安市長安區(qū)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試題（原卷版+解析版有聽力音頻無聽力原文）

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省西安市長安區(qū)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試題（原卷版+解析版，有聽力音頻無聽力原文）長安一中第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測

高一英語試題

時(shí)間：120分鐘，滿分：150分

第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatwillthemandothisafternoon

A.Paintthebedroom.

B.Visitthedentist.

C.Seeamovie.

2.Howwillthespeakersprobablygettothecity

A.Bybus.

B.Bysubway.

C.Bycar.

3.Whydoesthewomanwantnewclothes

A.Foranewjob.

B.Forawedding.

C.Forthehotterweather.

4.Whichmajorwillthemanchoose

A.Law.

B.Art.

C.History.

5.Whatarethespeakerssavingfor

A.Anelectriccar.

B.Anewhouse.

C.Afamilytrip.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatdoesthemanusuallyeatforlunch

A.Beefnoodles.

B.Chickenandrice.

C.Eggsandwiches.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Co-workers.

B.Husbandandwife.

C.Restaurantownerandcustomer.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhyisNickmoving

A.Hismothergotajobelsewhere.

B.Hisuniversityisinanothercity.

C.Hissisterhastogotoanotherschool.

9.HowisNickfeelingnow

A.Excited.

B.Anxious.

C.Proud.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidAlicedoinBangladesh

A.Shetookpartinatree-plantingproject.

B.Shestudiedtheclimatechangethere.

C.Shevisitedherfamily.

11.HowwillAlicecollectmoneytohelpwiththeproject

A.Byjoininginamarathon.

B.Bycookingforarestaurant.

C.Byvolunteeringinacharity.

12.Whatnaturaldisasterkilledthemostpeoplein2023inBangladesh

A.Floods.

B.Lightning.

C.Earthquakes.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatisthewoman’sgoalweight

A.Around52kilos.

B.Around50kilos.

C.Around48kilos.

14.WhatsportsdoesthewomandoeverySunday

A.Badminton.

B.Swimming.

C.Dancing.

15.Whatisthewoman

A.Apersonaltrainer.

B.Anofficeworker.

C.Aprofessionalathlete.

16.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace

A.Atagym.

B.Inanoffice.

C.Inahospital.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhatdoweknowabouttheMuseumofFineArts

A.Therearefiveseparateparts.

B.Ithousescollectionsdatingfrom3000B.C.

C.Itisoneofthegreatestmuseumsintheworld.

18.Whichpartdoesthespeakersuggestexploringfirst

A.TheGalleryofModernArt.

B.TheGalleryofClassicArt.

C.TheGalleryofSculpture.

19.Whatdoesthespeakerparticularlyrecommendthelistenerstosee

A.Ancientcoins.

B.Classicpaintings.

C.Frenchmodernart.

20.Whenwillthelistenersmeetinthehall

A.At11:00a.m.

B.At3:00p.m.

C.At4:00p.m.

第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

A

YourGardenEscape

Eveninthebigcityyoucanfindoases(綠洲)ofcalmandbeauty.Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden,werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.

HornimanGardens

HornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.VisitorscanenjoytheSoundGarden,MeadowField,andevenaPrehistoricGarden,whichfeaturesadisplayof“l(fā)ivingfossils.”Thegardensareverypopularwithfamilies,anddogscanbeletofftheirleadsintheMeadowField.

ChiswickGarden

AsaclassicalgardenlandscapeinLondon,itwasherethattheEnglishLandscapeMovementwasbornwithWilliamKent’sdesigns.Enjoyfreshbread,seasonalfood,andnaturalwinesintheaward-winningcafe,whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape,spottedwithimpressiveartandstatues.

BuckinghamPalaceGarden

The39-acregardenboastsmorethan350typesofwildflowers,over200treesandathree-acrelake.ThegardenalsoprovidesahabitatfornativebirdsrarelyseeninLondon.AtourofthegardencanbecompletedbyhavingacreamteainthecafeoverlookingthePalace’sfamousgrasslandandlake.

KewGarden

TheRoyalBotanicGardenatKewisoneoftheworld’smostfamousgardensandaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden,spotlocalwildlifeatthelake,orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.BesuretovisittheTemperateHouse,whichcontainssomeoftherarestandmostthreatenedplants.

1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinbothHornimanGardensandChiswickGarden

A.Studylivingfossils.

B.Tastedeliciousfood.

C.Enjoyimpressiveart.

D.Appreciatefineviews.

2.Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttojoininhands-onactivities

A.HornimanGardens.

B.ChiswickGarden.

C.BuckinghamPalaceGarden.

D.KewGarden.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext

A.Toinformvisitorsoffamousgardens.

B.Toentertaininterestedgardenvisitors.

C.Tostressthenecessityofgardenescape.

D.Toshowthebenefitsoftouringgardens.

【答案】1D2.D3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要向讀者介紹了倫敦一些著名的公園景點(diǎn)。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“HornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.（霍尼曼花園占地16英畝，享有倫敦的壯麗景色。）”和第三段的“Enjoyfreshbread,seasonalfood,andnaturalwinesintheaward-winningcafe,whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape,spottedwithimpressiveartandstatues.（享受新鮮的面包，時(shí)令食品，和天然葡萄酒在屢獲殊榮的咖啡館，而欣賞自然主義的風(fēng)景之美，發(fā)現(xiàn)令人印象深刻的藝術(shù)和雕像。）”，可知，游客可以在霍尼曼花園和奇斯威克花園欣賞美景。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden,spotlocalwildlifeatthelake,orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.（在廣闊的花園中漫步，在湖邊觀賞當(dāng)?shù)氐囊吧鷦游?，或者嘗試上一節(jié)園藝課，讓自己的雙手臟起來。）”，可知，如果游客想?yún)⒓訉?shí)踐活動，他們應(yīng)該去KewGarden。故選D。

3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden,werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.（從皇家宮殿到古典花園，我們推薦巨大的綠色空間來逃離倫敦的喧囂。）”，可知，文章的目的是向游客介紹著名園林。故選A。

B

Mychildhoodwasapaintedpictureofsunnyskyandrollinggreenfieldsstretchingtothehorizon.Ittastedofsharpberriesandsmeltofsourgrapes.Myfamilylivedinacabin(小木屋)inthecountrysidebutIlivedinmymother’sarms.Theyweresodelicatebutstrong,herredhairfallingaroundmelikeacurtainseparatingmefromtheworld.

Childhoodwassimple.Thebordersofmyvillagewerethefurthestmytroubleswentandmonstersonlylivedinthepagesofbooks.Everydaywasawakingdreamofrunningracesandmuddyknees.Myvillagewasarchaic,dyingcabinshousingdyingfarmerswithdyingtraditions.Thereweren’tmanychildrenbutmeandtheotherboys;boysofbutchersandsellersformedourowngroup.

Theycalleduswild.Isupposewewere.Treesandmountainsformedourplaygroundsandfightsbrokeoutaseasilyassuddenlaughter.Liberatedfromtherestrictionsofsociety,wewouldboundintothewoods,deeperanddeeperuntilwefoundalakewhich,withawildyell,wewouldjumpintoallatonce.

Mymostvividmemoriesfromboyhoodcenteraroundthatlake.Watershonebrightlyandthesoundsofourscreamsbrokeintotheoutcryfrombirds.Theshockofcoldwateragainstsweatingskinwouldwakeeverynerveinmybodyandmybarefeetwouldhitthesinkingmuddybottom.Aswesubmerged(淹沒)，timewouldsuspend，movementsslowingasbubblesrosearoundus.

Iwasdrowning.Iwasliving.Iwasliving.Iwasdrowning.

Fortimelessnessorasecond(bothfeltthesame),wewouldsuspend,curlup,andthenbeforcedbackoutintobreathingair.

Weshouldhaveknownthatitwouldn’tlastforever.Yet,evenunderthebestcircumstances,there’ssomethingsotragicaboutgrowingup:tohaveyourperspectiveonthepeopleandlifearoundyouchange;toalwaysstruggletoreachamirroronlytofindyourselftallenoughtoseeyourreflectiononeday.Andfind,adifferentpersonstaringbackoutatyou.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“archaic”meaninparagraph2

A.Borderless.

B.Valueless.

COld-fashioned.

D.Poverty-stricken.

5.Whydidtheauthorconsiderhimselfandotherchildrenwild

A.Theyplayedinthewoodscrazily.

B.Theytrickedotherspurposefully.

C.Theyfrequentlybrokesocialrules.

D.Theyfirmlyrefusedschooleducation.

6.Howdoestheauthorintroducehismemoriesofthelake

A.Bysharingfeelings.

B.Byexpressingideas.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.

D.Bydescribingcharacters.

7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthelastparagraph

A.Lonelinessandchallengesmakeamangrowup.

B.Theregretofgrowthisthatyouhavenevertried.

C.Growthisoftenaccompaniedbysadgoodbyestothepast.

D.Growthbeginswhenwebegintoacceptourownweakness.

【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要描繪了對于童年美好生活的回憶以及對于長大后童年時(shí)光逝去的感傷。

【4題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)考查詞匯所在句子“Myvillagewasarchaic,dyingcabinshousingdyingfarmerswithdyingtraditions.（我的村莊很古老，垂死的小屋住著垂死的農(nóng)民，他們的傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)消亡。）”，并結(jié)合上下文語境可知此處是描寫我小時(shí)候生活的村莊很陳舊。archaic意為“陳舊的”。故選C。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Treesandmountainsformedourplaygroundsandfightsbrokeoutaseasilyassuddenlaughter.Liberatedfromtherestrictionsofsociety,wewouldboundintothewoods,deeperanddeeperuntilwefoundalakewhich,withawildyell,wewouldjumpintoallatonce.（樹木和山脈構(gòu)成了我們的游樂場，打架就像突然的笑聲一樣容易爆發(fā)。從社會的束縛中解放出來，我們會跳進(jìn)樹林里，越陷越深，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)一個湖，我們會大叫一聲，立刻跳進(jìn)湖里。）”，可知，之所以認(rèn)為自己和其他孩子都是野孩子，是因?yàn)樗麄冊跇淞掷锆偪竦赝嫠?。故選A。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四至六段的“Watershonebrightlyandthesoundsofourscreamsbrokeintotheoutcryfrombirds.Theshockofcoldwateragainstsweatingskinwouldwakeeverynerveinmybodyandmybarefeetwouldhitthesinkingmuddybottom.Aswesubmerged(淹沒)，timewouldsuspend，movementsslowingasbubblesrosearoundus.（水面閃閃發(fā)光，我們的尖叫聲被鳥兒的叫聲打斷了。冷水對著出汗的皮膚的沖擊會喚醒我身體的每一根神經(jīng)，我的光腳會撞到下沉的泥濘的底部。當(dāng)我們潛入水中時(shí)，時(shí)間會停止，隨著我們周圍的氣泡上升，運(yùn)動變慢。）”和“Iwasdrowning.Iwasliving.Iwasliving.Iwasdrowning.（我快淹死了。我還活著。我還活著。我快淹死了。）”以及“Fortimelessnessorasecond(bothfeltthesame),wewouldsuspend,curlup,andthenbeforcedbackoutintobreathingair.（在一段時(shí)間或一秒鐘內(nèi)(兩者的感覺都是一樣的)，我們會暫停，蜷縮起來，然后被迫重新呼吸空氣。）”可知，從自己當(dāng)時(shí)的所見、所聽、所感等多個層面描繪了自己童年時(shí)對于湖的回憶。故選A。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Weshouldhaveknownthatitwouldn’tlastforever.Yet,evenunderthebestcircumstances,there’ssomethingsotragicaboutgrowingup:tohaveyourperspectiveonthepeopleandlifearoundyouchange;toalwaysstruggletoreachamirroronlytofindyourselftallenoughtoseeyourreflectiononeday.Andfind,adifferentpersonstaringbackoutatyou.（我們早該知道愛情不會永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去。然而，即使在最好的情況下，成長也有一些悲劇:你對周圍人和生活的看法發(fā)生了變化;你總是掙扎著去拿鏡子，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)足夠高，有一天可以看到自己的倒影。然后發(fā)現(xiàn)，另一個人正盯著你。）”，可知，在最后一段似乎傳達(dá)了“成長常常伴隨著對過去的悲傷告別。”故選C。

C

InshallowcoastalwatersoftheIndianocean,Dugong,akindofseacow,isintrouble.EnvironmentalproblemsposesuchamajorthreattoitssurvivalthattheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)upgradedthespecies’extinctionriskstatus(地位)tovulnerable(脆弱的).

Muchworse,DugongsareatriskoflosingtheprotectionoftheTorresStraitIslanders,whohavelookedafterthemhistorically,huntingthemforfoodsustainablyandmonitoringtheirnumbers.Thesenativepeoplekeeptheirbiodiversity,andhavedeepknowledgeabouttheirenvironment.Butthesepeoplearealsothreatened,inpartbecauserisingsealevelsaremakingitdifficultforthemtolivethere.

Thissituationisn’tuniquetoDugongs.Aglobalanalysisof385culturallyimportantplantandanimalspeciesfound68percentwerebothbiologicallyvulnerableandatriskoflosingtheirculturalprotection.

Thefindingsclearlyillustratethatbiologyshouldn’tbetheprimaryfactorinshapingconservationpolicy,saysanthropologistVictoriaReyes-García.Whenaculturedeclines,thespeciesthatareimportanttothatculturearealsothreatened.“Lotsofconservationiststhinkweneedtoseparatepeoplefromnature,”saysReyes-García.“Butthatstrategymissesthecaringrelationshipmanyculturalgroupshavewithnature.”

Onewaytohelpshiftconservationeffortsistogivespeciesa“bio-culturalstatus,”whichwouldprovideafullerpictureoftheirvulnerability.Inthestudy,theteamusedanewwaytodetermineaspecies’riskofdisappearing:themoreaculturalgroup’slanguageusedeclines,themorethatcultureisthreatened.Themoreacultureisthreatened,themoreculturallyvulnerableitsimportantspeciesare.Researchersthencombinedaspecies’culturalandbiologicalvulnerabilitytoarriveatitsbio-culturalstatus.IntheDugong’scase,itsbio-culturalstatusisendangered,meaningitismoreatriskthanitsIUCNcategorizationsuggests.

Thisnewapproachtoconservationinvolvespeoplethathavehistoricallycaredforthem.Itcanhighlightwhencommunitiesneedsupporttocontinuetheircare.Scientistshopeitwillbringmoreeffortsthatrecognizelocalcommunities’rightsandencouragetheirparticipation-takingadvantageofhumans’connectionwithnatureinsteadofcreatingmoreseparation.

8.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthenativepeopleandDugongs

A.ThenativepeoplehelpconserveDugongs.

B.ThenativepeopletrainDugongstosurvive.

C.Dugongsruinthenativepeople’senvironment.

D.Dugongsforcethenativepeopletoleavehome.

9.WhichstatementwillReyes-Garcíaprobablyagreewith

A.Theprotectionpolicyisusedincorrectly.

B.Cultureisconnectedtospecies’existence.

C.Manygroupstakegoodcareofeachother.

D.Conservationistsprefernatureoverpeople.

10.Howisthestudymethoddifferentfrompreviousones

A.Itinvolvesmorepreservationefforts.

B.ItreliesontheIUCN’sclassification.

C.Ithighlightstheeffectofhumanlanguages.

D.Itassessesthebiologicalinfluenceofaspecies.

11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthelatestapproach

A.Conservative.

B.Favourable.

C.Critical.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要通過海牛Dugong的例子講述了文化與物種生存的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Muchworse,DugongsareatriskoflosingtheprotectionoftheTorresStraitIslanders,whohavelookedafterthemhistorically,huntingthemforfoodsustainablyandmonitoredtheirnumbers.Thesenativepeoplekeeptheirbiodiversity,andhavedeepknowledgeabouttheirenvironments.”（更糟糕的是，Dugongs正面臨著失去托雷斯海峽島民保護(hù)的危險(xiǎn)，這些島民以前一直在照顧Dugongs，現(xiàn)在持續(xù)地獵殺它們作為食物，并監(jiān)控它們的數(shù)量。這些當(dāng)?shù)厝吮３种麄兊纳锒鄻有?，對他們的環(huán)境有深刻的了解。）可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝伺cDugongs的關(guān)系是當(dāng)?shù)厝藥椭Ｗo(hù)Dugongs。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Whenaculturedeclines,thespeciesthatareimportanttothatculturearealsothreatened.”（當(dāng)一種文化衰落時(shí)，對該文化重要的物種也受到威脅。）可知，Reyes-García可能會同意“文化與物種的生存息息相關(guān)?！惫蔬xB。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段的“Inthestudy,theteamusedanewwaytodetermineaspecies’riskofdisappearing:themoreaculturalgroup’slanguageusedeclines,themorethatcultureisthreatened.Themoreacultureisthreatened,themoreculturallyvulnerableitsimportantspeciesare.Researchersthencombinedaspecies’culturalandbiologicalvulnerabilitytoarriveatitsbio-culturalstatus.”（在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究小組使用了一種新的方法來確定一個物種消失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：一個文化群體的語言使用下降得越多，該文化受到的威脅就越大。一種文化受到的威脅越多，其重要物種在文化上就越脆弱。然后，研究人員將一個物種的文化和生物脆弱性結(jié)合起來，得出它的生物文化狀態(tài)。），可知，與以前的學(xué)習(xí)方法相比，現(xiàn)在的研究方法突出了人類語言的影響。故選C。

【11題詳解】

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Thisnewapproachtoconservationinvolvespeoplethathavehistoricallycaredforthem.Itcanhighlightwhencommunitiesneedsupporttocontinuetheircare.”（這種新的保護(hù)方法涉及到歷史上一直照顧它們的人。它可以突出社區(qū)何時(shí)需要支持以繼續(xù)提供護(hù)理。），可知，贊成最新的方法。故選B。

D

Adaptingtotechnologicaladvancesisadefiningpartofthe21st-centurylife.JusttwomonthsafterbeinglaunchedinNovember2022,OpenAI’sChatGPThasalreadyreachedanaudienceofover100millionpeople.WhileChatGPTthreatenstochangewritingandwriting-relatedwork,theMesopotamians,wholived4,000yearsagoinageographicalareacenteredinmodern-dayIraq,wentthroughthiskindoffar-reachingchangebeforeus.

AncientMesopotamiawashometomanyofcivilization’searlydevelopments.Itspeoplewereworldleadersinadaptingtotechnologicalandculturalchanges.Theyinventedthewheelandagriculture,andpioneeredadvancesinmathematicsandurbanization.Thesebreakthroughsarereflectedincuneiform(楔形文字)literature，oneoftheoldestknownformsofwriting.

Initsliterature,Mesopotamiansdon’tpresentculturalandtechnologicaladvancesasconsistentlybeneficial.Theyoftenrepresentnewtechnologiesbeingcontrolledintheserviceofhumanconflictandmostlyservingtheinterestsofthosewithhighsocialpositions.Insomeways，therepresentationofnewtechnologiesinitsliteratureechoes(映現(xiàn))contemporaryconcernsaboutAI:fearsofincreasingsocialinequalitiesanditspotentialuseininformationwar.

Inrecentyears，AI—thenewestformofwriting—hasbeenusedtodecipher(破譯)theoldest:cuneiformliterature.Inbroaderfields,theboundariesofhowAImaybeusedhaven’tbeenclearlyexplained.InJanuary,forexample,atopinternationalAIconferencebannedtheuseofAItoolsforwritingscientificpapers.

Humanshavebeenstrugglingtoinvent,useandadapttotechnologysinceourearliestcivilizations.Butthetechnologyandresultingknowledgearenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Knowinghowweadaptedtochangingtechnologyinthepasthelpsusmorefullyunderstandthehumanconditionandmayevenhelpusprepareforthefuture.

12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutconcerningMesopotamians

A.Theiradaptationtothreats.

B.Theirinfluencesonwriting.

C.Theircontributiontoliterature.

D.Theirachievementsincivilization.

13.Whatcanbeinferredabouttechnologicaladvancesfromparagraph3

A.Theypreventhumanconflict.

B.Theybringabouthiddendangers.

C.Theytakeawaypeople’sconcerns.

D.Theylowerpeople’ssocialstatus.

14.WhatisthecurrentsituationofAIaccordingtoparagraph4

A.Itsuseinliteratureispopular.

B.Itisnotallowedtofinishpapers.

C.Itsrangeofapplicationisundefined.

D.Itisnotacceptedinbroaderfields.

15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext

A.HowPeopleCanUsetheLatestTechnology

B.HowChatGPTWillThreatenWritingandWork

C.WhatAIWillDobyLearningCuneiformLiterature

D.WhatHistoryCanTeachUsAboutNewTech’sImpact

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述歷史上美索不達(dá)米亞人的科技成就及其影響來啟示當(dāng)今的科技發(fā)展及影響。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“AncientMesopotamiawashometomanyofcivilization’searlydevelopments.Itspeoplewereworldleadersinadaptingtotechnologicalandculturalchanges.Theyinventedthewheelandagriculture,andpioneeredadvancesinmathematicsandurbanization.Thesebreakthroughsarereflectedincuneiform(楔形文字)literature，oneoftheoldestknownformsofwriting.（古代美索不達(dá)米亞是許多早期文明發(fā)展的發(fā)源地。它的人民在適應(yīng)技術(shù)和文化變化方面處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。他們發(fā)明了車輪和農(nóng)業(yè)，開創(chuàng)了數(shù)學(xué)和城市化的先河。這些突破反映在楔形文字文學(xué)中，這是已知最古老的書寫形式之一。）”，可知，關(guān)于美索不達(dá)米亞人，第二段主要討論了“他們的文明成就”。故選D。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Theyoftenrepresentnewtechnologiesbeingcontrolledintheserviceofhumanconflictandmostlyservingtheinterestsofthosewithhighsocialpositions.（它們通常代表著為人類沖突服務(wù)而被控制的新技術(shù)，主要為那些社會地位高的人的利益服務(wù)。）”，可知，從第3段可以推斷出技術(shù)進(jìn)步的“它們帶來了隱患?！?。故選B。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Inbroaderfields,theboundariesofhowAImaybeusedhaven’tbeenclearlyexplained.（在更廣泛的領(lǐng)域，人工智能如何使用的界限還沒有得到明確的解釋。）”，可知，根據(jù)第4段，AI的現(xiàn)狀是“它的應(yīng)用范圍是不明確的?！惫蔬xC。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。通過對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的分析，再根據(jù)最后一段“Humanshavebeenstrugglingtoinvent,useandadapttotechnologysinceourearliestcivilizations.Butthetechnologyandresultingknowledgearenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Knowinghowweadaptedtochangingtechnologyinthepasthelpsusmorefullyunderstandthehumanconditionandmayevenhelpusprepareforthefuture.（自最早的文明以來，人類一直在努力發(fā)明、使用和適應(yīng)技術(shù)。但是技術(shù)和由此產(chǎn)生的知識并不總是均勻分布的。了解我們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)過去不斷變化的技術(shù)有助于我們更全面地了解人類的狀況，甚至可能幫助我們?yōu)槲磥碜龊脺?zhǔn)備。）”，可知本文主要通過講述歷史上美索不達(dá)米亞人的科技成就及其影響來啟示今天的科技發(fā)展及影響。所以短文的標(biāo)題為“關(guān)于新技術(shù)的影響，歷史能告訴我們什么”。故選D。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

HaveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincitiesUrbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.____16____

It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.Inthecountry,evaporation(蒸發(fā))ofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltheair.____17____Havingfewerplants,citieshavelessevaporationandareunabletocooldownthetemperature.

Darkcoloursareanotherproblem.Darkobjectsabsorballwavelengthsoflight,makingthetemperatureincreasemorenoticeably.Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy.____18____Sadly,mostpartsofcitiesarecoveredbyasphalt(瀝青),steel,roofsandbrickswhichareoftendarkincolour.

____19____Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.Thewasteheataddstothesolarenergytrappedbythetallbuildings.

Butcitiesdon’thavetobesohot.Somecitieshavelightenedtheirstreets.Thisisdonebycoveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating.____20____

Havingmoregreenspacesalsohelps.Plantsserveasanaturalairconditioner.Theycatchheat,releasevapour(蒸汽)intotheair,andtakeawayheat,contributingtocooler,freshercities.

A.Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.

B.Thehigherthetemperature,theshorterthewavelength.

C.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.

D.Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.

E.Changesinbuildingmaterialshaveaminimaleffectoncitytemperatures.

F.Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.

G.Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.

【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.A20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章介紹了熱島效應(yīng)。

【16題詳解】

段末句，考查段落結(jié)論句。根據(jù)上文提示“HaveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincitiesUrbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.”（你有沒有注意到，農(nóng)村的夜晚比城市涼爽得多城市地區(qū)在白天也往往比附近有很多綠色植物的地區(qū)更熱。）可知，本文是一篇介紹熱島效應(yīng)的科普文。首段的行文邏輯為從現(xiàn)象到結(jié)論，從而引出熱島效應(yīng)這一地理名詞。所以，C項(xiàng)“Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.”（這種現(xiàn)象被稱為城市熱島效應(yīng)。）符合題意。故選C。

【17題詳解】

段中句，考查轉(zhuǎn)折性過渡句。F選項(xiàng)“Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.”（相比之下，城市的大部分土壤已經(jīng)被道路和建筑物覆蓋。）的“城市的土地被道路和建筑覆蓋”與前一句“evaporationofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltoair”（土壤和植物葉子中的水分蒸發(fā)有助于冷卻到空氣中）形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。這兩句回應(yīng)第二段主題句“It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.”（這主要是由于城市和農(nóng)村覆蓋地面的材料不同造成的。）故選F。

【18題詳解】

段中句，考查結(jié)論性過渡句?？涨熬渥印癐ncontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy”（相反，白色物體反射所有波長的光能）和D選項(xiàng)“Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.”（所以它不會轉(zhuǎn)化為使空氣變熱的熱量。）形成因果關(guān)系。即，白色物品會反射所有波長的光，因此能量不會被轉(zhuǎn)換成熱量，從而讓空氣變熱。故選D。

【19題詳解】

段首句，考查段落主題句。A選項(xiàng)“Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.”（城市也比郊區(qū)產(chǎn)生更多的熱量。）中的“producemoreheat（產(chǎn)生更多的熱量）”與選項(xiàng)下一句“Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.”（隨著人們開車、給建筑物供暖和使用空調(diào)，城市正在產(chǎn)生廢熱，并將其直接排放到大氣中。）中的“generatewasteheat（產(chǎn)生廢熱）”形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系。開車，供暖或是開空調(diào)都是產(chǎn)生熱量的行為。故選A。

【20題詳解】

段末句，考查遞進(jìn)邏輯關(guān)系。本段的討論內(nèi)容為解決熱島效應(yīng)的方法。G選項(xiàng)中的“thesechanges（這些變化）”對應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)前面一句的方法，即，“coveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating”（覆蓋黑色瀝青街道、停車場和深色屋頂?shù)姆垂庑愿鼜?qiáng)的灰色涂層）。同時(shí)，G選項(xiàng)“Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.”（這些變化會使氣溫急劇下降，尤其是在夏天。）進(jìn)一步解釋了這些舉措所能帶來的好處，與前文形成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選G。

第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle____21____toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven____22____theentireevening.SoI____23____thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable____24____inmylife.

____25____,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto____26____withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave____27____careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it____28____thebalanceofourfamily.

Apartfromsufferingfrom____29____,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydoIthinkwecanalltryto_____30_____ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto_____31_____andchatlaterthatday,_____32_____settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch_____33_____.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson_____34_____himtomakethebreakfast.

Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe_____35_____someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

21.A.widenedB.formedC.lessenedD.closed

22.A.missedB.avoidedC.enjoyedD.recorded

23.A.wastedB.treasuredC.limitedD.calculated

24.A.showsB.dishesC.recipesD.moments

25.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides

26.A.sleepB.dineC.studyD.play

27A.suitableB.flexibleC.satisfyingD.demanding

28.A.maintainsB.disturbsC.improvesD.strikes

29.A.fearB.angerC.guiltD.hunger

30.A.predictB.createC.evaluateD.accept

31.A.workoutB.calmdownC.holdonD.catchup

32.A.unwillinglyB.casuallyC.consciouslyD.carelessly

33.A.louderB.shorterC.simplerD.sweeter

34.A.assistsB.guidesC.allowsD.orders

35.A.officeB.kitchenC.houseD.park

【答案】21.A22.A23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.B29.C30.B31.D32.C33.D34.A35.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞“共享親子時(shí)光”這一話題展開，體現(xiàn)親情的可貴。感慨，總有一天兒子會長大，并且離開家。

【21題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)，家庭聚餐的圈子擴(kuò)大到包括親戚。A.widened拓寬；B.formed組成，構(gòu)成；C.lessened減少；D.closed關(guān)閉。根據(jù)后文toincluderelativesstoppingby可知，家里的餐桌會擴(kuò)大，以容納這些來訪的親戚。故選A。

【22題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我認(rèn)識一些朋友，他們的父母晚飯后才回家，甚至整個晚上都沒有回家。A.missed錯過，想念；B.avoided避免；C.enjoyed享受，喜愛；D.recorded記錄。根據(jù)空前parentsgothomeafterdinneroreven...可知，此處和前文形成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。即，父母會在晚飯時(shí)間之后回家，甚至是錯過一整個晚上。故選A。

【23題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我很珍惜圍坐在餐桌旁的美好時(shí)光，它見證了我生命中無數(shù)珍貴的時(shí)刻。A.wasted浪費(fèi)；B.treasured珍惜，重視；C.limited限制；D.calculated計(jì)算。設(shè)空處前文提到Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinnerorevenmissedtheentireevening。因此，十分珍惜餐桌旁的親子時(shí)光。故選B。

【24題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我很珍惜圍坐在餐桌旁的美好時(shí)光，它見證了我生命中無數(shù)珍貴的時(shí)刻。A.shows表演；B.dishes菜肴；C.recipes食譜；D.moments片刻。根據(jù)空前的qualitytime可知,餐桌旁見證了我人生中無數(shù)珍貴的瞬間。故選D。

【25題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我的孩子們無法將我的童年記憶聯(lián)系起來。A.However然而；B.Otherwise要不然的話，否則；C.Therefore因此；D.Besides另外，此外。結(jié)合空前kitchentablewitnessedcountlessvaluablemomentsinmylife，與空后Theyhavebeenleftto________withbabysitters可知，小時(shí)候可以和父母共進(jìn)晚餐，但是的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐。因此形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。翻譯為“但是，對我的孩子們來說，他們并不能對我童年的回憶感同身受”。故選A。

【26題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不和保姆一起吃飯的次數(shù)比我愿意承認(rèn)的還要多。A.sleep睡覺；B.dine進(jìn)餐，吃飯；C.study學(xué)習(xí)，研究；D.play玩。根據(jù)空個前后“Theyhavebeenleftto____6____withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.”可知，全文圍繞“一家人共進(jìn)晚餐”這話題展開，所以這里指“吃飯”。故選B。

【27題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我丈夫和我的工作要求很高。A.suitable合適的；B.flexible靈活的；C.satisfying令人滿意的；D.demanding要