臨海市杜橋中學高中英語-unit4-Using-language-新人教版必修3

Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsPre-listeningIsaacNewton1642～1727英國物理學家

經(jīng)典物理學理論體系的建立者

1665年創(chuàng)立微分；1666年開始研究積分。1666年,開始想到研究重力(gravity)問題，蘋果落地的傳說，也是在此時發(fā)生的軼事。其一生的重大科學思想是在這兩年期間（22至23歲）歲形成的。1669年，把《自然哲學的數(shù)學原理》，《宇宙體系》等手稿送到劍橋大學圖書館收藏。晚年研究宗教。AlbertEinstein(1879～1955)

質量(m)和能量(E)的相當性：E＝mc2

愛因斯坦在量子論、分子運動論、相對論(TheoryofRelativity)等物理學的三個不同領域取得了歷史性成就，特別是狹義相對論的建立和光量子論的提出，推動了物理學理論的革命，他對社會進步事業(yè)也有重要貢獻?；艚餬ornin1942斯蒂芬·藿金是當今科學界的一位傳奇性人物。這不僅僅因為他是一位被譽為繼愛因斯坦后最著名的科學思想家和最杰出的理論物理學家，還在于他是在常人無法想象的身體狀況下進行研究和創(chuàng)造性工作的。blackhole黑洞

黑洞并非只是吞噬物質。除了會在星系形成的過程中扮演重要角色外，在經(jīng)過一段相當漫長的時間后，黑洞也會把一些曾被它吸入的物質信息向外界釋放出來。Nowwe’regoingtolistentoatalkaboutthetheoriesofgravity.Listencarefullyandtrytogetthemainideaofit.ListeningSummaryBiscorrectbecauseitgivesaclearideaofwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.SummaryAisnottrue.Thethreescientistswantedtoexplainhowtheuniverseworkedandnothowitbegan.SummaryCistoogeneralanddoesnotgiveenoughdetailaboutwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.Choosethebestsummary.ListentoPart1againandfillinthefirstcolumnofthechart.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIdeaLargebodieshaveaforcewhichpullsthingstowardsthemInspacelargeobjectsmakespaceandtimebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspaceandtimebendsBlackholeshaveaverylargemassandpullthingstowardsthemtowardstheiredge.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingDevelopmentThebiggertheobjectthestrongerthegravity.Timegoesslowerinverystronggravity.Ifyougoovertheedge,youcannotgetout;butifyoudonot,youmaybeabletoescape.spacewalkLookatthepictures!ReadandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.1.Thepullofgravitybecameverystrong shelefttheearth’satmosphere.His weightisnormal.2.Itdisappearedwhenhewasinspace. Heisweightless.3.Itwasverylightwhenhewasonthe moon.Heweighslessthanonearth.1.LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.

上個月我有幸得到一個機會同我的朋友,一位宇航員李彥平一道去太空旅行。Languagepoints

enough的用法:

1)用作代詞：作主語或賓語。Youhavedonemorethanenough.你已做得夠多了。Ihavehadenough.Thankyou.我吃的已經(jīng)夠多的了，謝謝。2)形容詞作定語：enough用在名詞前、后都可以。Ihaveenoughtimetodothework./Ihavetimeenoughtodothework.我有足夠的時間做此項工作。3)用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞表示程度:enough一般放在形容詞或副詞的后邊。longenough,easyenough,fastenough,quicklyenough等。但一般不說：enoughlong,enougheasy,enoughfast,enoughquickly.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.這孩子到上學的年齡了。Hecouldn’trunquicklyenoughtocatchupwiththecat.他跑的速度太慢，追不上貓。4)用作副詞修飾動詞時也需放在動詞之后。Themeatisnotcookedenough.肉燉得不夠熟。IfIhad___________________________________________(足夠長的假期),I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.alongenoughholiday/anenoughlongholiday及時練2.Thenwewere

off.隨后我們就啟程了。

beoff=setoff出發(fā)；動身Iamofftoday.我今天不用上班。Weare

offtoday.今天我們不上班/今天我們不開張。set...off送行kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下

giveoff散發(fā)showoff炫耀shutoff關閉getoff下車takeoff脫下turnoff關閉payoff付清；還清與off相關的短語:3.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.當我們更接近月球時,就會感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是,月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。getcloseto靠近，接近，指動態(tài)變化becloseto距......近，指狀態(tài)Theschoolisclosetothepostoffice.與get相關的短語:getalong相處融洽，進展等getdownto開始認真對待，開始認真 考慮geton上車getthrough到達；通過；辦完，花光 (錢、時間等)getto到達1.Don’ttalktoomuch.Let’s___________ working.2.Hurryup,orwe’llbelateto______thebus.getdowntogetongetdowntogetongettogetthroughgetovergetup及時練3.It’seasyto________thedifficulty.4.Ihave___________alotofpapers.5.Shemanagedto______thevillage.getovergotthroughgetto4.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.

1)“A+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級+as+B”

Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.Hisfatheristwiceasoldashe.2)“A+be+倍數(shù)+形容詞比較級+than+B”TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.長江差不多比珠江長兩倍。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanthatintheirs.我們學校的學生數(shù)量比他們學校的多三倍。3)“A+be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,amount)+of+B”Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.

新擴建的廣場是未擴建時的四倍大。—Doyouregret_______(pay)100 dollarsforthepainting?—No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaid _____________(兩倍那么多了)forit.及時練payingtwiceasmuch講解:

regret后跟動名詞的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示對過去做過的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示對即將做的事情感到遺憾，常用來表達委婉。twiceasmuch為倍數(shù)的表達法，在這里為省略形式，相當于twiceasmuchasthat。5....“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”......既然引力改變了，走路也的確需要練一練了。nowthat同since相似，語氣較弱，強調人們已知的事實。Translation:1.既然你忙,就讓我給你做吧。 Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitfor you.2.既然人都齊了,咱們開始干吧。 Nowthateveryoneisherelet’sstart work.及時練6.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

breakout

它與happen,takeplace,comeout等詞的用法一樣，是不及物動詞，不能帶賓語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。1)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.美國內戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1861年。2)發(fā)生爭吵Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.他們之間發(fā)生了爭吵。3)(火災)發(fā)生 A

fire

broke

out

in

his

house

last

night.

昨晚他家里失火了。[考點]

breakout通常指戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、災害等的爆發(fā)。不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire____,andthenitspreadquickly.A.brokeoutB.putoutC.cameoutD.gotout[點撥]putout撲滅；comeout出來,出版；getout（使）出來。由itspreadquickly（火迅速蔓延）可知選A。及時練breakdown

打破;毀掉;破除;坍塌;壞掉breakin

破門而入;打斷breakawayfrom脫離;打破陳規(guī)與break相關的短語:breakthrough突圍;突破;沖垮;克服breakup打碎;拆散;分裂;分解breakone’sword/promise食言;說話不算數(shù)選用方框內合適的詞或短語，并用其適當形式填空。(其中有一個多余選項)

Therewasa_____ofpeoplearoundtheclubentrance.2.Yououghttohaveagoodrest________you’vefinishedthework.massnowthat課堂練習floatnowthatmasspullgetthehangofwatchout3.Shespenttheafternoon________onherbackinthepool.4.Itseemsdifficultatfirst,butyou’llsoon_______________it.5.Youhaveto_________becausethereareland-minesallovertheplace.watchoutfloatinggetthehangoffloatnowthat