高中人教版英語必修四練習(xí)Unit5LearningaboutLanguage

Unit5ThemeparksLearningaboutLanguage語法精講·探究學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法觀察上面的對話,并填空:上面對話中的單詞headmaster是將兩個單詞合并在一起,形成一個新的單詞。這種構(gòu)詞法被稱為合成法。英語的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種:合成法、轉(zhuǎn)化法和派生法。一、合成法合成詞是由兩個或更多的詞合成的詞。最常見的合成詞為合成名詞、合成形容詞,還有合成副詞、合成動詞、合成代詞等。合成詞一般直接連寫在一起,也有的合成詞之間用連字符“”,還有的由分開的兩個詞構(gòu)成。1.合成名詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞名詞+名詞headmaster校長名詞+動名詞shipbuilding造船(業(yè))名詞+動詞+er(or)painkiller止痛藥形容詞+名詞highway公路動詞+副詞gettogether聚會,聯(lián)歡會副詞+動詞output產(chǎn)量;upkeep保養(yǎng),維修介詞(副詞)+名詞upland高地,山地分詞+副詞grownup成年人名詞+介詞lookeron旁觀者動詞+介詞gobetween中間人,媒人名詞+介詞+名詞soninlaw女婿合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的注意事項(1)由“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,把前面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。*fatherinlaw→fathersinlaw(2)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,兩個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,在變復(fù)數(shù)時,只變中心名詞,修飾名詞不變。*agirlfriend→girlfriends2.合成形容詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞形容詞+名詞+edwarmhearted熱心腸的coldblooded冷血的形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞goodlooking好看的easygoing容易相處的形容詞+過去分詞newborn新生的readymade現(xiàn)成的副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hardworking勤勞的名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Englishspeaking說英語的peaceloving愛好和平的副詞+過去分詞wellknown聞名的名詞+過去分詞manmade人造的heartfelt由衷的數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞twelveyearold十二歲的fivemeterlong五米長的3.合成副詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞介詞+名詞underfoot在腳下beforehand事先副詞+名詞upstairs在樓上;downstairs在樓下副詞+副詞however無論如何,然而,可是代詞+副詞anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容詞+副詞nowhere沒有地方代詞+名詞someday(今后)有一天someway以某種方式副詞+介詞nearby附近4.合成動詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞副詞+動詞overthrow推翻;overe克服名詞+動詞typewrite打字;sleepwalk夢游形容詞+動詞broadcast廣播;whitewash粉刷5.合成代詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞代詞賓格+selfitself它自身物主代詞+selfmyself我自己形容詞+名詞anything任何東西something某物,某事6.合成介詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞副詞+名詞inside在……里面介詞+副詞within在……之內(nèi);without沒有副詞+介詞into進入(1)寫出黑體單詞的詞性和詞義。①Aftersunsetthesceneofthechildrenplayinginthegardendisappeared. (n.日落)②Iwanttoexpressourheartfeltcongratulationstoyouonyourseventeenthbirthday. (adj.衷心的)③Weranhotfoottofindoutthenews. (adv.匆忙地)④Weovereoneproblemafteranother. (vt.克服(2)將下列句中的合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。①Ihadneverbeenmorejoyfulformydaughterinlaw. (daughtersinlaw)②Thenewsemester,atallmanteacherbecamethenewteacher. (menteachers)③HeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent. (Englishmen)二、轉(zhuǎn)化法一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性。轉(zhuǎn)化詞例詞動詞→名詞walkv.行走→walkn.散步swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳名詞↓動詞表示物體的bookn.書→bookv.預(yù)訂shipn.船→shipv.用船運輸表示人體部位的handn.手→handv.遞交headn.頭→headv.朝……方向表示一類人的nursen.護士→nursev.護理fooln.傻子→foolv.愚弄表示自然現(xiàn)象的rainn.雨→rainv.下雨snown.雪→snowv.下雪形容詞→動詞dryadj.干的→dryv.使變干cleanadj.干凈的→cleanv.把……擦干凈副詞→動詞outadv.出來→outv.揭露形容詞→名詞whiteadj.白色的→whiten.白人nativeadj.本地的→nativen.本地人特殊轉(zhuǎn)化mustmodalv.必須→mustn.必須做的事寫出下列句中加黑單詞的詞性和詞義。(1)Heisamanwithapowerfulbuild. (n.體格)(2)Today,freshfruitfromthesetreesisshippedfromonecountrytoanother. (vt.用船運輸)(3)Thetrainsloweddown. (vi.減緩)(4)They’rerunninginthefinal.(n.決賽)(5)Youshouldbedressedinblack. (vt.穿衣)三、派生法即在詞根之前加前綴或在詞根之后加后綴構(gòu)成一個與原來單詞意思相近或截然相反的單詞。除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意思,不改變詞性;后綴一般改變單詞的詞性,并不引起詞義的變化。1.前綴構(gòu)詞法前綴含義例詞dis不dissatisfy使不滿意;dishonest不誠實的un不unable不能夠;unlucky不幸的做相反動作undress脫衣服;unload卸貨inimiril-不,非inactive不活躍的;incorrect不正確的;impolite沒有禮貌的;impossible不可能的;irregular不規(guī)則的;illogical不合邏輯的non不,非nonexistent不存在的;nonstop不停的mis錯誤的;壞的misunderstand誤解;misfortune厄運re重復(fù),再rewrite重寫;remarry再婚;retell復(fù)述en使enable使能夠;enrich使豐富super在上面;超級superstar巨星;supermodel超級模特;supermarket超市under在……之下underground地下的;underestimate低估inter相互;之間international國際的;interact相互作用pre預(yù)先,在……之前predict預(yù)告;preview預(yù)習(xí)2.后綴構(gòu)詞法后綴含義例詞ence/ance構(gòu)成抽象名詞evidence證據(jù);importance重要性;significance重要性;dependence依靠cion/sion/tion/ation動作;狀態(tài)suspicion懷疑;explosion爆炸;repetition重復(fù);organization組織er/or人或物cooker炊具;writer作家;operator操作員;actor男演員;tractor拖拉機ism主義;……教socialism社會主義;capitalism資本主義ist……主義者;……家scientist科學(xué)家;dentist牙醫(yī)ment行為,結(jié)果,狀態(tài),性質(zhì)movement運動;achievement成就;government政府;equipment設(shè)備;development發(fā)展ship關(guān)系,身份seamanship航海術(shù);friendship友誼;citizenship公民身份hood身份,性質(zhì),時代adulthood成年;childhood童年;neighbourhood某街區(qū)的居民ty狀態(tài),性質(zhì)honesty誠實;difficulty困難;anxiety焦慮ure結(jié)果,行為,狀態(tài),實物pleasure高興;picture圖畫;pressure壓力al動作過程,結(jié)果approval同意;arrival到達,到達者形容詞后綴able/ibleenjoyable愉快的;horrible可怕的ishfoolish愚蠢的;childish孩子氣的fulhopeful有希望的;careful仔細的lesshopeless無希望的;useless無用的lyfriendly友好的;motherly母親般的yrainy下雨的;dusty布滿灰塵的antimportant重要的;pleasant愉快的edexcited感到興奮的;tired疲勞的inginteresting令人感興趣的副詞后綴lyhappily快樂地;bravely勇敢地ward/wardsnorthward朝北;forwards向前動詞ing形式作狀語時,相當(dāng)于與之對應(yīng)的狀語從句,現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語一定和句子的主語保持一致。(1)(2020·浙江高考)ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn’tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear’spunishment(punish).(2)(2020·浙江高考)Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpression(impress)growingoutofthetheme.(3)(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection(direct).(4)(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting(interest),relaxed(relax)andfortable(fort).

(5)(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.(6)Thesuccessful(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoacpanyhimandobserve.(7)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolarestartingtogetridofthem.(8)It’snotreallysurprising(surprise)thatreadingbecamehervocation.(9)Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasafoggy(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.(10)Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly(blind).(11)Thenaughtyboyenteredtheclassroomcautiously(caution),fearingthathisteacherwouldblamehim.(12)Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop,shesensedsomethingunusual(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?(13)Whatyousaidsoundedreasonable(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.(14)Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom(free)bravely.課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達標(biāo)Ⅰ.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)成單詞,并完成句子Model:part+time=parttimeAwaterbroadwarmdownunderBcastcoveredlineheartedload1.Themessagewasbroadcastallovertheworldviaradio.2.Aswecansee,theearthisahuge,watercoveredglobe.3.Idonotunderlinemyoptimism,butitjustisso.4.Heisawarmheartedman,sowealllikehim.5.UserscandownloadtheirmaterialtoadesktopPCbackintheoffice.Model:dis+appear→disappearAdisunimmisilBadvantagepoliteluckylegalunderstand6.AsmyselfIlikelivingincitythoughIknowthedisadvantageoflivingincity.7.Youcertainlywereunluckytogetthathorribleillness.8.Itwasimpolitethatyoutalkedsoloudintherestaurant.9.Theyhavesimplymisunderstoodwhatrockandrollis.10.Hehasbeenchargedwithmembershipofanillegalorganization.Ⅱ.猜測下面黑體單詞的詞義1.IalwaysshoponSaturdays. (購物)2.Canyougivememorebackgroundonthepany? (背景)3.Lilywantedtotakeacareerbreakinordertohavechildren. (休息)4.Pleaseinformusofyourarrivaltimebeforehand. (事先,提前)5.Itseemsreasonabletoexpectrapidurbangrowth. (合乎情理的)6.Iamveryunfortablelyingonthishard,coldfloor. (不舒服的)7.Thecollegehasannounceditsintentiontoenlargeitsstadium. (擴建)8.Peopleoftenhaveincorrectinformationaboutfood. (不正確的)9.HeworksinhisgreenhouseonSundays. (溫室)10.Beanonsmokerandavoidsecondhandsmoke. (不吸煙者)語法填空Withthedevelopment(develop)ofglobalization,thepopularity(popular)oftheInternet,theincreaseofinternationalmunication(municate),moreandmorewordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.Somelinguistsmadeaprediction(prediction):inthenearfuture,Englishvocabularywillbemorethanonemillion.Iflearners(learn)wanttoreadEnglishworksandnewspapersfluently(fluent),hemustgraspatleast10,000Englishwords.Sowhatmethodcanscientifically(scientific)andeffectively(effective)toremembernewEnglishwords?ItisnecessarytohavealargevocabularyifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell.Andyoumustconcernwordformationlaw,foundthewordspronunciation(pronounce)andspelling(spell)characteristics,andtheconnection(connect)betweenthesoundandshape.Understandtheknowledgeofwordformationcanhelpusmemorize(memory)newwordsefficiently,whichhasformedaconsensus(共識).課時素養(yǎng)評價十四Unit5LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability(ability).2.Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbeepainful(pain).3.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement(settle),becausetheydisagreed(agree)toomuchwitheachother.4.Icouldn’tagreemore.Itismeaningful(mean).Notonlycanitbroaden(broad)ourmulticultural(cultural)knowledgeandenrich(rich)ourlives,itcanalsoenable(able)ustodevelopunlimited(limited)loveandfriendship(friend)withothersfromvarioussocialbackgrounds.

5.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Allriders(ride)areequippedwithreflective(reflect)vestsandsafety(safe)lights.6.Nothingcouldweaken(weak)hisresolutiontocontinuefurtherstudy.7.Shewastakentoahospitalsufferingfromanirregular(regular)heartbeat.8.Thisbookexploresthemusical(music)interestandneedsofchildrenintheirdailylives.9.Surprisingly(surprise),thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.10.Silencesmaybethoughtful(thought),ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Theboydreamsofbeingapilot.

這個男孩夢想成為一名飛行員。2.Investorsaregrowingimpatientwithpromisesofimprovedearnings.

投資者們對提高收益的承諾越來越不耐煩了。3.Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.

這次事故導(dǎo)致兩名乘客死亡。4.Theclearingofrubbishanddrainsisstillinplete.

垃圾和下水道的清理工作仍然沒有完成。5.Wehavetolookateverythingfromaninternationalperspective.我們必須要從一個國際視角來看待事物。

6.(2020·浙江高考)Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.每部戲劇都有一個主題或中心思想,劇作家希望通過對話和行動來表達。

7.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Hisson,age15,whohadtakenanartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingunusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.

他的上過藝術(shù)鑒賞課的15歲的兒子認(rèn)為有一位年輕女子坐在花園椅子上的那幅畫有些不尋常。8.(2020·江蘇高考)Itwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.在一天結(jié)束的時候,我們很容易在被誤解的感覺下入睡。

9.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbeexposedtothepublicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.

“Nicolo”,因為意大利的隱私法他的真實名字不能被透露給公眾,在Turin的一家工廠結(jié)束了一整夜的工作。10.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.她說,事實上,任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗的競走者,學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解FournationalparksworththetripCarlsbadCavernsNewMexicoInCarlsbadCaverns,therearemorethan119caves,includingthemaincavewiththemilelongBigRoomwalkinside.TheparkissetalongNewMexico’squietsouthernborder.MaketimetoalsoexplorethesurroundingChihuahuanDesert,hometothemostdiversecollectionofcactus(仙人掌)species(物種)intheworld’sdeserts.Insummer,visitorscanwatchhalfamillionBrazilianfreetailedbatsfilltheeveningskies.Tel:5757852232Price:$10perperson;kids15andunder,freeChannelIslandsCaliforniaJustoffthecoastofVentura,thefivePacificChannelIslandsoffer160milesofpristine(原始的)coastline.Youcanreachtheislandsbyboatorplane.Oncethere,youcanseegraywhales,Risso’sdolphinsandelephantsealswhileonawhalewatchingtour,orsearchfortherarenativespeciessuchasislandfoxes.Tel:8056585730Price:freeIsleRoyaleMichiganIsleRoyaleisa570,000acreislandinthenorthwestofMichigan’sLakeSuperior.Eachsummer,visitorsgotherebyferryorseaplanetoexploretheisland’s19thcenturyshipwrecks(沉船),learnabouttroutandwhitefishorpaddletheplentifulwaterwaysbyboat.Tel:9064820984Price:$4perperson;kids10andunder,freeDryTortugasFloridaDryTortugas—aremoteislandabout70mileswestofKeyWestandduenorthofHavana—isanidealplaceforswimmers.Infact,themajorityofthepark’s100squaremilesareactuallyunderwater.Visitorscantakeaboat,ferryorseaplanetoDryTortugas,wherethey’lldiscovershipwrecks,seaturtlesandnearly300typesofbirds.Tel:3052427700Price:$10perpersonforsevendays;kids16andunder,free【文章大意】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個值得一去的美國國家公園。1.HowmuchshouldacouplewithtwolittlebabiespayforCarlsbadCavernsNationalPark?A.$40.B.$30.C.$20.D.$10.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CarlsbadCavernsNationalPark部分的Price:$10perperson;kids15andunder,free可知,兩個大人和兩個嬰兒共需門票錢20美元。2.Whichplaceisthebestchoiceforsomeonefondofboating?A.Florida. B.Michigan.C.California. D.NewMexico.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IsleRoyaleNationalPark部分的paddletheplentifulwaterwaysbyboat可知,該公園是劃船的好去處。故劃船愛好者應(yīng)該去該公園所在地Michigan。3.Whichparkshouldaswimminglovervisit?A.IsleRoyaleNationalPark.B.DryTortugasNationalPark.C.ChannelIslandsNationalPark.D.CarlsbadCavernsNationalPark.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DryTortugasNationalPark部分的DryTortugas...isanidealplaceforswimmers可知,該公園是游泳愛好者的理想之地。Ⅱ.完形填空Lehrneralwayswantedtodesignrollercoasters.Evenasa(n)1,though,sheknewthattherehadtobemoretoitthanjusthoppingonboard.“Istarted2howIwouldprepare,”shesaid.Shelookedtoscienceandmathand3advancedclassesinalgebraandgeometryinmiddleschoolandhighschool.Thenshetookevenmore4mathandahighlevelphysicscourse.

Shealso5themeparksasoftenasshecouldandresearchedthe6ofthosecoastersonline.Whenitcametimefor7,shewenttotheColoradoSchoolofMinesinGolden,whereshe8abachelor’sdegreeinmechanicalengineering.NowLehrnerworkswithamusementparkstodesignand9newcoasters.Thesenewcoasterstheydesignare10madeofwood,exceptforametal11onwhichthecarsrun.Thebasicdesignhasbeenaroundformorethanacentury.Still,Lehrnernotes,eachnewoneisdifferent.“Alotofthesame12andconceptsareusedwhenIdesignnewcoasters.Butthey13withtheterrain(地勢)anddesign.Thattellsuswhatthelimitswillbe—howtightthebendsandhow14thehillsare.”

Someparks15theircoasterstobeasscaryaspossible.Thatmeansbig16andquickturnsandlotsofinversions.Lehrneris17atmakingtwistedwoodcoasters.Thecoastersshe18makeyoufeelasifyou’regoing19thanyoureallyarebecausethetracksarelowertotheground.“Wealsotrytobuildridesthatarefunforthewhole20—childrenaswellastheirparents.”shesaid.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。Lehrner從小就想設(shè)計過山車,于是她努力學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)、物理等學(xué)科,現(xiàn)在她為多家游樂場設(shè)計、建造木質(zhì)過山車。1.A.genius B.kidC.teacher D.inventor【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文可知,此處指Lehrner從小就想設(shè)計過山車。asakid意為“小時候”。故選B。2.A.thinkingabout B.goingoverC.writingdown D.dreamingof【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文中的“Shelookedtoscienceandmath...”可知,為了將來能夠設(shè)計過山車,她很關(guān)注科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)。說明她從小就開始考慮(thinkabout)如何為設(shè)計過山車做準(zhǔn)備。故選A。3.A.brought B.researchedC.took D.gave【解析】選C。此處takeclasses“上課”,為固定搭配。故選C。4.A.classical B.ancientC.practical D.advanced【解析】選D。承接上句,再根據(jù)evenmore表達的語氣,此處指更高級的(advanced)數(shù)學(xué)。故選D。5.A.visited B.createdC.funded D.managed【解析】選A。根據(jù)常識可判斷,為了研究過山車,她經(jīng)常光顧(visit)主題公園。不是經(jīng)常創(chuàng)造(create)、資助(fund)或管理(manage)主題公園。故選A。6.A.parks B.makersC.themes D.players【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文,Lehrner關(guān)注的是過山車的設(shè)計,再根據(jù)空格后面的定語“ofthosecoasters”可知,此處應(yīng)指過山車的制造者(maker),而不是玩家(player)或主題(theme)。故選B。7.A.vacation B.graduationC.college D.decision【解析】選C。根據(jù)后文“she_______abachelor’sdegreeinmechanicalengineering”可知,“theColoradoSchoolofMines”是一所高等院校,所以此處指上大學(xué)(college)的時候。故選C。

8.A.made B.boughtC.researched D.got【解析】選D。getadegree“獲得學(xué)位”,為固定搭配。故選D。9.A.discover B.learnC.build D.bought【解析】選C。根據(jù)句意可知,Lehrner和游樂園的工人一起建造(build)新的過山車。故選C。10.A.largely B.pletelyC.carefully D.possibly【解析】選A。根據(jù)后文的“exceptforametal...”可知,此處指過山車大部分(largely)是用木頭建造的。故選A。11.A.cover B.frameC.fence D.track【解析】選D。根據(jù)后面的定語從句可知,此處指金屬制造的鐵軌(track)。故選D。12.A.metals B.materialsC.colors D.plans【解析】選B。根據(jù)后文“Butthey_______withtheterrainanddesign.”可知此處不是指顏色(color)和計劃(plan);根據(jù)前文可知,Lehrner設(shè)計的過山車大部分為木質(zhì),所以排除A。故選B。

13.A.agree B.pareC.change D.deal【解析】選C。此處意為“我使用了很多相同的組件和概念。但隨著地形和設(shè)計的變化而變化(change)。”故選C。14.A.beautiful B.dangerousC.much D.high【解析】選D。地勢的不同讓我們知道過山車的彎應(yīng)有多急,山應(yīng)有多高。此處指山的高度。故選D。15.A.want B.considerC.hate D.imagine【解析】選A。Lehrner為公園設(shè)計過山車,有的公園想要(want)他們的過山車盡量嚇人,此處指公園一方的要求。故選A。16.A.drops B.coastersC.seats D.carriages【解析】選A。根據(jù)常識可知,過山車要想刺激,降幅要大,轉(zhuǎn)彎要快,倒懸要多。bigdrops“大的降幅”。故選A。17.A.amazed B.expertC.pleased D.excited【解析】選B。此處指Lehrner很擅長制造木質(zhì)過山車,beexpertat“擅長于”,為固定搭配。故選B。18.A.rides B.enjoysC.designs D.studies【解析】選C。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,此處應(yīng)指Lehrner所設(shè)計(design)的過山車。故選C。19.A.slower B.crazierC.further D.faster【解析】選D。根據(jù)本段第一