2022年高考英語（全國乙卷）真題詳細(xì)解讀及評析

2022高考英語真題深度解讀（全國卷1）

真題解讀:

試卷導(dǎo)航

聽力話題形式詞數(shù)

1搭便車下車短對話18

2通宵趕項目短對話18

3尋找安靜談話地點短對話18

4糟心的鄰居家的狗短對話11

5飯店訂桌短對話17

6晚上聚餐安排長對話34

7公司搬遷計劃長對話56

8藝術(shù)家采訪長對話82

9平衡打工與學(xué)習(xí)長對話75

10一個運動員的經(jīng)歷自述獨白98

語篇話題體裁詞數(shù)

閱讀理解A畫家亨利?雷伯恩爵士展覽應(yīng)^電文202+85

閱讀理解BDorothyWickenden的書籍書評321+122

閱讀理解C“空中之眼”的技術(shù)應(yīng)用于無人機說明文320+142

閱讀理解D征收的糖稅來解決青少年兒童健康問題說明文325+127

閱讀七選五五種維系異地友誼的方法應(yīng)用文247+76

完形填空孩子們捉迷藏時堅持相互承認(rèn)和尊重說明文276+184

語法填空中國商會博物館所慶祝第一個國際茶日說明文242

短文改錯騎自行車的好處議論文97

書面表達(dá)LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom應(yīng)用文100（左右）

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)

涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳

選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.

2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.

3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.It'sbig.B.It'squiet.C.Itsnew.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.

5.Whereistheman'stable?

A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C?It'seasytohirepeople.

9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandfs.B.Botticelli's.C.Rubens1.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.B.August.C.October.

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?

A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?

A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.

18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

A

HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestloved

painter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itis

thefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.

TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn'sRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe18th

PortraitsCentury

Thursday6Nov.,13.10Thursday13Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00—17.45Sunday12.00—17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed:24一26Decemberand1January.

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeoff2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,upto

andincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimefbrattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.

22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12.D.￡16.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

語篇解讀

關(guān)鍵詞ScottishNationalPortraitGallery,SirHenryRaeburn

主旨概要主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利?雷伯恩爵士進行

的展覽的相關(guān)情況。

雷伯恩(1756-1823年)亨利?雷伯恩，年幼父母雙亡，淪為孤兒，

早年跟一金飾匠學(xué)藝，開始畫細(xì)密畫，后轉(zhuǎn)師于愛丁堡畫家大衛(wèi)?馬

To28歲時在倫敦認(rèn)識雷諾茲，受其藝術(shù)深刻影響。次年赴意大

利考察學(xué)習(xí)兩年，這時已形成自己的藝術(shù)個性，31歲重回愛丁堡

百科知識建立自己的畫室，接受肖像訂件，到59歲才成為皇家美術(shù)學(xué)院院

士，66歲被英王喬治四世授予爵士稱號，聘為蘇格蘭御用畫家。

語言知識

重難點詞Masterpieces代表作，available可得，

aseriesoflectures一系歹U講座，thegeneralpublic公眾,accompanied

重難點詞塊

by陪同

Aspeciallowentrancechargeoff2perpersonisavailabletoallin

full-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,in

organisedgroupswithteachers.

長難句

所有全日制學(xué)生，包括學(xué)士學(xué)位以下的學(xué)生，都可以以有組織的教

【答案】

師團體的形式，享受每人2英鎊的特別低入學(xué)費。

21.B

22.B

23.C

【解析】

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries部分uThursday30Oct.（10月

30日星期四）”可知,在曰月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn^EnglishContemporarieso故選

B項。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultare

admittedfree.（4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費入場可知，一對夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8

英鎊，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B項。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallin

full-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswith

teachers.（所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團體

中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場費。）”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團體中，可

以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項。

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一DorothyWoodruffand

RosamondUnderwood一traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Soforthemto

movetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasa

surprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTxvo

SocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruffs

granddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealized

whattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,

andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,Rosamond

andDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,

thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden^book,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichof

courseinfluencedthegirls*decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingof

therailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.The

bookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅忍）ofthe

peoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,

lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowall

aroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,

mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.'1

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden^writingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

語篇解讀

關(guān)鍵詞DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood,NothingDaunted:The

UnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestby

主旨概要本文簡要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。

史密斯女子學(xué)院基本信息

?中文名：史密斯女子學(xué)院

百科知識?英文名:SmithCollege

?位置:NorthamptonMassachusetts

Tiffjhttutmt<rf7M,.terirfvGirti（RtheHVt/

DOROTHYWICKENDEN?簡稱：Smith

?鉞1?：他院機涯學(xué)院

w

?建校時間：1871-09-01

?又名：SmithCollege（Northampton）ISmithcollege,

Northampton,MA|史密斯學(xué)院（北安普敦）I史密斯學(xué)院I美國史

密斯學(xué)院庚國史密斯學(xué)院（北安普敦）1美國smithcollege1美國

史登斯女子學(xué)院

語言知識

重難點詞Undertake承擔(dān)，從事；entailed牽涉;stoicism堅忍

RockyMountains落基山脈；Thesweepof連綿一片；ablanketof

重難點詞塊

一大批，一大片

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthe

stoicism（堅忍）ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautiful

writing.Wickenden

很會講故事。大地的遼闊和人民的堅忍不拔使她寫出了一些優(yōu)美

的文字。

長難句

nWhenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowall

aroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlyby

smallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturned

whiteinthe

winter."“當(dāng)太陽落到山后，它散發(fā)出玫瑰色的光芒。然后一輪滿月

升起。雪上只有一些小動物：

狐貍、土狼、老鼠和各種各樣的野兔，它們在冬天變成了白色。”

【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B

【解析】

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,

N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountains

toteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.（1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個富裕家庭的女孩

-----DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood來到落基山脈的一個定居點，在一間只有一

個房間的學(xué)校教書。）”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A

項。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittle

privacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和一

個當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被

子上覆蓋著一層雪。）”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥

替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項。

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,which

entaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建

設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落

基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy飛returntoAuburn.（這

本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段uWickendenisaverygood

storyteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautiful

writing/Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗

的作品。）”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對其進行了評價，所以文本是

一篇書評。故選B項。

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthe

sametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureof

applyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrail

tracksandinfrastructure（基石出設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddoprecisely

thesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrect

positionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themore

railwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutand

operationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel

safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearon

maintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews1

efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesfbr

railways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.To

performthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingona

newconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,and

programmedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravelling

aheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones1reliableperformanceinremote

areas.

29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsfbrthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

語篇解讀

關(guān)鍵詞Drones,thesafetyandreliabilityofrailways

主旨概要應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時

又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。

百科知識無人機自動機場按照公路路網(wǎng)沿線有序部署，依照平臺預(yù)設(shè)的任務(wù)

計劃，無人機自主起飛，遵循云管控平臺規(guī)劃的巡檢航線，開展巡

檢任務(wù)，任務(wù)完成后自動降落回收，全流程可無需人工干預(yù)。得益

于圖像分割與識別技術(shù)，無人機可對路面進行精準(zhǔn)定位，采集的圖

像實時傳輸至云端AI識別系統(tǒng)，自主識別道路落石、路面損壞、山

體滑坡等異常事件，輸出公路安全風(fēng)險評估報告。

語言知識

重難點詞drones無人機；infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；

Thatistheverylikely...很有可能...；high-tensionelectricallines高

重難點詞

塊壓電線；ona24/7basis每周7天、每天24小時運行

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartproviding

長難句higher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,

beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人

機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高價值的服務(wù)，檢測鐵路或道岔的故障，

以免引起任何安全問題

【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D

【解析】

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectrical

lines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrail

infrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.（無人機已經(jīng)被用于

檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面,

如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置）”可知使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成

為可能。故選A。

【29題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20

billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectand

repairtherailinfrastructure.（據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐

元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）”可知花在maintenance上的

費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知

<4Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”

是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair（檢修）

含義相近。故選C。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildrones

ofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorun

autonomously（工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個新概念:未來的鐵路無人機。它們將在列車前方的軌

道上運行，并被設(shè)定為自動運行）”可知鐵路無人機有望讓火車自動運行。故選B。

【31題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段"Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafety

andreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?

Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday5s“eyesinthesky5'technologytomakingsurethatthe

millionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainson

a24/7basis.（一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐

元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基

礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運行。）”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應(yīng)用于

鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節(jié)省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全；

第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要

講述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來?！狈衔?/p>

章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

D

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirst

predicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gof

sugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday's

childrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthemata

higherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilos

ofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers1effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.Since

Aprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pfbreverylitreofsugarydrink

theyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandare

refusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartax

ishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.

Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andthe

industryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.lbimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts1sugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

語篇解讀

關(guān)鍵詞sugartax,softdrinks,childhoodobesity

主旨概要文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青

少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學(xué)校體育。

軟飲料(softdrink)：酒精含量低于0.5%(質(zhì)量比)的天然的或人工

配制的飲料。又稱清涼飲料、無醇飲料。所含酒精限指溶解香精、

百科知識

香料、色素等用的乙醇溶劑或乳酸飲料生產(chǎn)過程的副產(chǎn)物。

語言知識

重難點詞obesity肥胖；manufacturers制造商；alcoholic含酒精的

sugartax糖稅；softdrinks軟飲料；childhoodobesity兒童肥胖；at

重難點詞塊

ahigherriskofthedisease高發(fā)病率；sportsfacilities運動設(shè)施

Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthree

長難句timestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskof

thedisease.

現(xiàn)在的兒童和青少年攝入的糖分是建議攝入量的三倍，使他們患病

的風(fēng)險更高。

【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B

【解析】

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的"FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoft

drinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhood

obesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助

減少兒童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項。

【33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehad

theirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低

了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。）"可知，一些飲料公司通過降低

了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項。

【34題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的"However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,have

acceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,

milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompanies

manufacturingfewerthanlmlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受

了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因為擔(dān)心會惹惱消費者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料

是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。）〃可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可

樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項。

【35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthe

positiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesand

healthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它

為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊）〃可推斷，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政

策。故選B項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保

持）long-distancefriendships.

?Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）andshare

withoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36

?Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantsto

becontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37?Therearealternativestoconstant

writtencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.

?Practiseempathy（共情）

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemands

placedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothe

factthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

-39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Although

technologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecial

days.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends*birthdaysandotherimportantdateswill

makesurenothingslipsbyyou.

?Don'trelyontechnologyalone

40,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciouseffortto

sustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetime

togetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulfbryoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofc