2020語法填空綜合指導

語法填空解題思路歸納與綜合練習第一部分.有提示詞（1）動詞的考查是語法填空的重中之重,包括非謂語動詞和謂語動詞。在看到動詞原形提示后，首先要判斷該空在句中作什么成分（謂語or非謂語，還是需要詞性變化），然后根據(jù)具體語境進行變化。①非謂語動詞最?？键c（目前只出現(xiàn)過基本結構）：動詞-ing2.todo3.-ed過去分詞②謂語動詞最常考點：.主謂一致（主要考察主語單復數(shù)判斷是否變?nèi)龁危?時態(tài)（主要考察一般過去時,一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在完成時）.被動語態(tài)（主要是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)）＜易錯點＞：.主語單復數(shù)的判斷（參考語法項目：主謂一致）（經(jīng)?？疾斓捻椖堪ǎ翰豢蓴?shù)/單數(shù)/復數(shù)名詞作主語，并列主語，動名詞作主語）2，時態(tài)和語態(tài)的判斷（弁其一般過去時/一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時參考語法：時態(tài)語態(tài)）3，常見非謂語的用法（如作賓語，作狀語，作定語，作主語等：參考語法項目：非謂語動詞）.常見不規(guī)則動詞變化一（參考不規(guī)則動詞表）.一詞多性的情況。如record既可以作動詞又可以作名詞，要準確判斷空格處所需單詞的詞性。.其它變單三/過去時/ing形式的特殊拼寫規(guī)則（參考下表，已考察riding,goes,permitted等）。單數(shù)第三人稱動詞變化特殊規(guī)則動詞原形變化規(guī)則例子注意詞尾為“s,x,ch,sh,o”在詞尾加“es”watches, teaches, misses,mixes,does,goes詞尾為“輔音字母+y”“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“es”studies,flies,tries,carries,applies,worries兀音字母+y直接加s:pays,plays其它特例have--hasbe--is規(guī)則動詞變過去式/過去分詞的特殊情況動詞原形變化規(guī)則例子注意以不發(fā)音的-e結尾在詞尾加“d”lived,moved,tasted詞尾為“輔音字母+y”“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“ed”studied,tried,carried,copied,worried,元音字母+y直接力口ed:played,destroyed重讀并且以輔+元（短元音）+輔音結尾雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加一edstopped,equippedplanned,permitted非重讀不雙寫：opened,listened,visited非短元音不雙寫：returned,seated重讀r音節(jié)結尾雙寫r加edpreferred,occurred,非重讀不雙寫：offered,suffered|動詞變ing形式的特別注意事項動詞原形變化規(guī)則例子a*注意以不發(fā)音的-e結尾去一e加一ingwriting,living,taking,making,hoping發(fā)音的e不去：seeing,being,agreeing重讀并且以輔+元（短元音）+輔結尾雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加一ingplanning,cutting,stopping,swimming-x結尾不雙寫：relaxing-y或-w結尾不雙寫：drawing,paying,employing,following非重讀不雙寫：offering,opening以-ie結尾的動詞去掉e,變i為y然后再加-ingdie—dying,tie-tying,lie-lying*-y結尾的單詞不受過去式規(guī)則影響，直接加inglaying,studying,trying,hurrying

（2）詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的考查 （參考詞形變化過關小測），其中考察重點為1.形容詞變副詞（不受考綱限制）2.動詞變?yōu)槊~ 3.名詞變形容詞。 4.形容詞變名詞。5.名詞變動詞 6.名詞變衍生名詞 7油-ed/-ing構成的形容詞性或名詞性的衍生詞。（不受考綱限制）形容詞變副詞特殊變化規(guī)則形容詞原形變化規(guī)則例子注意一般形容詞直接加-ly以輔音+y結尾.且y讀音為/i/變y為i，再加一lyheavyheavily;angryangrily;busybusilyy讀音為/ai/不變：shyly輔音字母加le結尾,去e加ygentle-gently，possible-possibly以ic結尾的詞加allybasicbasically;scientificscientifically個別以e結尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ytrue-truly:wholly絕大多數(shù)e結尾的形容詞直接加ly：extremely，safely（3）名詞、代詞的考查。名詞主要考查單復數(shù)的變化（7次）.平時要注意高頻名詞（在不同意義下）是否可數(shù)。附：高中詞匯表中常見的一詞多性（常為動詞，但可以做可數(shù)名詞）注意復數(shù)、冠詞（限定詞）的考察，需滿足復數(shù)觸發(fā)條件1.有提示詞如many/few/several/anumberof/oneofthe/different/various..等2.其它上下文詞匯名詞義例句record病歷，唱片，記錄Wouldyouliketolistentosomerecords?work工作（不可數(shù)）/作品（可數(shù)）ThemuseumhasmanyworksbyPicasso.wish/regard希望/祝愿（常用復數(shù)）Marysendsyoubestwishes/regardsforaHappynewyear.supply供應物/生活必需品（復數(shù)）Thelocalpeopleareurgentlyinneedoffoodandmedicalsupplies.review復習/書評/影評/報告Theplaygotexcellentreviewswhenitwasfirstseen.award獎，獎品Themoviehaswonanumberofawards.benefit好處，益處thebenefitsofreadingdesign設計/設計圖/圖案Lookingforwardtoreceivingyourcreativedesigns!show演出/節(jié)目/展覽Thetheatregivestwoshowsinoneday.turn輪次/轉(zhuǎn)動/轉(zhuǎn)彎taketurnstodo/(in)doingattempt企圖/嘗試/射門Shemadeafewattemptstojoinintheirconversation.aim目標Teamworkisrequiredtoachievetheseaims.report報道Accordingtorecentnews/mediareports,...present禮物thepresentsforthechildrenneed（生活）必需品Housingandeducationarebasicneeds.look注視，神色，外貌（復數(shù)）Heputonweightandstartedtolosehislooks.graduate（大學）畢業(yè)生high-school/collegegraduatescopy復制品，本，一冊Iacquiredtwocopiesofthisbook.mark污點/疤痕/記號/分數(shù)Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers.offer提議/提供物/特價品Thismonth'soffersincludeashirt,trousersandbedcovers.order訂單/所訂之物/命令Allourcustomerordersarehandledbycomputer./placeanorder下訂單ride乘車/騎行/供騎乘的玩具Theamusementparkhasmanyrides./givesbarideblank空格，空白處Fillintheblanks.sweet糖果，甜點Sheboughtapacketofsweetsonthewayhome.stop停止，車站W(wǎng)emadeseveralstopsalongtheway.challenge挑戰(zhàn)，問題Theproblemisoneofthegreatestchallengesfacedbyscientiststoday.seat座位Acarusuallyhasadriver'sseat,afrontseatandbackseats.

名詞變復數(shù)的特殊規(guī)則動詞原形變化規(guī)則例子注意詞尾為“s,x,ch,sh”在詞尾加“es”boxes,dishes,matches詞尾為“輔音字母+y”“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“es”cities,studies,babies,families,stories元音字母+y直接加s:ways,boys,toys-f/-fe結尾變f/fe為v再加esleaves（葉子）,lives,housewives,thieves例外：roofs,beliefs輔音字母"結尾詞尾加esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes元音-oo結尾直接加s:zoos，bamboos例外（外來詞）：photos,radios,pianos不規(guī)則變化變單詞內(nèi)部的元音字母tooth一teeth,foot一feet,child一children,medium一media,woman/women代詞主要考查人稱代詞主格、賓格和形容詞性物主代詞的變化。第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)人稱代詞主格Iweyouyousheheitthey賓格Meusyouyouher himitthem物主代詞形容詞性myouryouryourher hisitstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirs反身代詞myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselves（4）形容詞、副詞的考察，重點考杳1.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)比較級。觸發(fā)比較級的提示詞一般是than/但解題時也需要注意其它句內(nèi)提示（如修飾比較級的副詞出現(xiàn)：even,much,far,alot等），以及一些慣用表達（如否定+比較級=最高級義，Nothingisbetterthanaglassofwine），如17年卷1考察了evenworse（更糟的是）作句子狀語的用法。觸發(fā)最高級主要是the+最高級+范圍（of/in+范圍）及一些固定用法，最高級全國卷語法填空還未直接考過，但考過最高級前的冠詞the。形容詞變比較級的特殊情況動詞原形變化規(guī)則例子注意單音節(jié)詞直接加-er/esthigher,hardest例外：moreglad/tired以不發(fā)音的-e結尾直接加r/-stnice/nicest,larger/largest重讀并且以輔+短元音+輔結尾雙寫詞尾字母，再加er/estbigger/biggest,hotter/hottest輔音字母+y結尾變y改為i，力口-er/-esteasier/easiest,heavier/heaviesthappier/happiest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞由形容詞+ly變的副詞在單詞前加more/mostmore/mostbeautifulmoreslowly不能與-er/est連用good/wellbetter/bestchangeforthebetter好轉(zhuǎn)bad/ill/badlyworse/worstworsestill/what,sworse更糟地是tothebestofmyknowledge據(jù)我所知badly表迫切時用more/mostbadlymany/muchmore/mostmakethemost/bestof最大化利用what,smore此外卜moreorless或多或少nomorethan僅僅/最多也就是atmost最多soonerorlaterlittleless/leastnolessthan至少有atleast至少lastbutnotleast最后但仍然重要的是fewer/fewestfarfarther/furtherIt was farther/further totheshopthanIexpected.表抽象只用further給提示詞的思路橫向歸納提示詞思考方向動詞1.非謂語2.謂語3.變名詞形容詞1.變副詞2.變比較級3.變名詞名詞1.變復數(shù)2.變形容詞3.變動詞代詞代詞變形*只是根據(jù)以往考題給大家一個思考方向,并非絕對規(guī)則。最終應根據(jù)文本的語言規(guī)則、語篇意義解題。第二部分,無提示詞（1）連詞的考查是重點。主要考點是.主從句（定語從句.名詞性從句.狀語從句的連詞,一般不會考太復雜或生僻的語法規(guī)則，但要特別注意上下文，句子完整意思，具體參考三大從句語法專項）.并列句或并列結構Ouand和?！爸饕辞昂笪牡倪壿嬯P系）（2）一冠詞、介詞主要考查基本用法及固定搭配.Q慣用短語和詞組），具體可參考年段下發(fā)的冠詞、介詞語法專項材料。（3）其它考點：.常用副詞。關注常用副詞如too,very,much等。.it的考察。.填助動詞《04〃1兒6分2丫6等）主要出現(xiàn)在疑問句或否定句；.另外，therebe句型與強調(diào)句型等特殊句式也應關注。綜合練習1Papercuttingwasrecognizedasournationalintangibleculturalheritagein2006.accordingtoexperts,papercuttingconveystheculturesharedbetweenChina1.foreigncountriestowishforfamilyreunionsandmaintainlinkswithlovedones,aliveordead.InthemovieCoco,forinstance,the12-year-oldMiguelandhisfamilydanceandsingtocelebratea2.(tradition)festivalinMexico,whencolorfulpapercuttingsarehungonthestreet.Chinesepeoplealsocutimagesofsmallfigures3.memoryoftheirfamilywhohavepassedaway.ThedifferenceisthatmostChinesepapercuttingsarered,whilethoseinothercountries4.(be)oftenmadeinmanyothercolors.ThefairytalewriterHansChristianAndersenlikedtocut5.(character),suchasprincesses,outofpaperwhile6.(tell)storiestochildren.InChina,femalefriendsandfamilymembersusedtochatandmakepapercuttingstogether.“7.thepatternsandcolorsmaybedifferent,papercuttingssharethesamefunctionofmaintainingemotionaltiesamongpeople,”saysYangHuizi,8.artteacheratBeijingUnionUniversity.Yang9.(study)andperformedtheartforoveradecade.Besidesroutineuniversitycourses,shealsoorganizesnonprofitpapercuttingactivities10.areopentothepublicinBeijingtopromotebasicknowledgeofpapercutting.Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofbookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,1.istheresultofthe2.(compete)fromonlinebookstores.ButthesuccessofSisypheBookstore,oneofthe3.(big)privately-ownedbookstorechainsinChina,mayserve4.agreatexample.5.(found)in1993,Sisyphestartedtotransformandupgradeitsbusinessin2009toseekitsprofitability.Now,itnotonlydevotesitselftosellingbooks,but6.(combine)thefunctionsofbookstore,cafeandsaleof7.(create)culturalproducts.Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofconsumersofshoppingmallstosellitsbooks,anditalsoallowspeopletoenjoy8.(spend)timereadinganddrinkingcoffee.Inreturn,bookstoreshaveimprovedtheculturalatmosphereofshoppingmalls,so9.ismutuallybeneficialtohavesuchcooperation.Sofar,thegovernment10.(offer)taxreductionforbookstorestoencouragethedevelopmentofphysicalbookstores.Perhapsitisearlytosaytheboomofphysicalbookstoreshascome,butdefinitely,weseetheturningpointforthem.3Researchershavediscoveredthepeoplewiththe1.(healthy)heartsintheworld.TheTsimanepeopleliveintheAmazonregionofBoliviaandhavealmostnorisk2.seriousheartdiseasebecauseoftheirplantbaseddietandhighlevelsofphysicalactivity.Besides3.(have)ahealthyheart,theTsimanealsohavelowbloodpressureandlowbloodsugar.This4.(mean)theyarefreeofmanyofthediseasesandconditions5.killhundredsofmillionsaroundtheworld,suchasheartattack,stroke,diabetesandkidneyfailure.Astudyshowedthatan80-year-oldfromTsimanehas6.samecardiovascularageasanAmericanintheirmid-50s.ThestudyontheTsimanewaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Thestudyco-authorDrGregoryS.Thomasstated,“Thisstudysuggeststhatsomediseasescould7.(avoid)ifpeopleadoptedsomeelementsoftheTsimanelifestyle,suchaskeepingtheirbloodpressureandbloodsugarverylow,notsmokingandbeing8.(physical)active.”Headded,“Itmaynotbepossibleforpeopleintheindustrializedworld9.(copy)theTsimanecommunity,swayoflife,buttherearecertainly10.(aspect)oftheirdietandlifestylethatwecanbetterbringintoourlivestohelpreduceourriskofheartdisease.”4Theinformation11.(collect)overthelastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatspeedreadingmaybeless2.(use)thanmostpeoplethink.Theclaimthatyoucanreadandcomprehendover30,000wordsperminuteisoverstated.Oneresearcherprovedthisinastudywhereirrelevantandillogicalsentenceswereaddedtoatext.The“speedreaders”3.weretesteddidn,tnoticetheirrelevantlines—thenon-speedreadersspottedthemimmediately.I,veinterviewedpeoplewhohaveattendedtheintroductorysessions4.(offer)bysomespeedreadingcourses.5.(they)storiesindicatethatimpropermethodsaresometimesusedtosellthecourses.Here,show:First,you,reaskedtoreadapassagefromabook6.whichmostpersonswouldbeunfamiliar.Yourreadingspeedandcomprehensionaretestedduringthisexercise.Then,afterabouthalf7.hourofinstruction,anotherreadingtestisgiven.ButthistimethereadingisonemosteducatedAmericansknowwell—suchasHuckleberryFinn.Not8.(surprising),personsattendingtheseintroductorysessionsfindthattheir“exit”speedandcomprehensionarebetterthantheir“entry”9.(perform).I,moneofthefictionreaderswhoappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyI,llreadapassageorsentenceoverandoverjust10.(let)thebeautyofitsconstructionsoak期透)in.Goodwritingmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.5It1.(debate)foryears:Areeggsgoodorbadforyou?Peoplewhoeatanaddedthreeorfoureggsaweekor300milligramsofdietarycholester(膽固醇)perday,haveahigherriskofbothheartdiseaseandearlydeathcomparedwiththosewhoeat2.(few)eggs,newresearchfinds."Eggs,3.(special)theyolk,areamajorsourceofdietarycholesterol,wroteVictorZhong.InastudypublishedFridayinthemedicaljournalJAMA4.therearemanyunexpectedreports,heandhiscolleaguesnotedthatasinglelargeeggcontainsabout186milligramsofcholesterol.Overthefollow-upperiod,atotalof5400cardiovascular(心血管的)5.(event)occurred,including1302fatalandnonfatalstrokes,1897incidentsoffatalandnonfatalheart6.(fail)and113otherheartdiseasedeaths.Anadditional6132participantsdiedofothercauses.7(consume)anadditional300milligramsofdietarycholesterolperdaywasassociated8.a3.2%higherriskofheartdiseaseanda4.4%higherriskofearlydeath,Zhong,sanalysisofthedatashowed.Eggs9.(be)anutritiousfood.Whilethisstudyfocusesontheamountwe'reeating,it'sjustasimportant10.(pay)attentiontohowtheeggsarecookedandtothetrimmingsthatcomewiththem,"saidTaylor,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.6The12thChinaArtsFestivalwillbringaseriesofart1.(activity)totheChineseeconomicandartcenter,Shanghai.FromMay20toJune2,morethan50shows2.(select)nationwidewillbeperformedinnineteenmajortheatersinShanghai,andafineselectionofcreativeculturalproductswill3.(show)attheShanghaiExhibitionCenter.Thefestivalwillinclude4.(vary)artforms,suchasopera,dancing,paintingandphotography.5.2019editionisco-organizedbytheministryofCultureandTourismandtheShanghaimunicipalgovernment.Since6.(it)beginningin1987,thefestivalhaschangedhostcitiesineachedition,travellingtoareasincludingBeijing,Sichuan,Jiangsu,ZhejiangandHubeioverthepastthreedecades.Salesofticketshaveopenedonline,withticketspricedfromnocost7.380yuan,accordingtotheorganizers.8.(allow)alageraudiencetoaccesstheprograms,thefestivalwillalsobebroadcastliveonline.Wewillusenewmediatobringtheshowstomoreordinarypeople,9.willletthemknowmoreaboutthemoderndevelopmentofChinesearts."saidZhuDi,headoftheministry'sartsdepartment.Thisyear,sfestivalisalsoaimedat10.(promote)tourisminShanghaiwitharts.Thelocalgovernmenthasreleasedatotalof40culture-themedtravelroutestoguidevisitorsthroughShanghai,swell-knownlandmarks.7.Learninghowscreentimeshapesanindividual'slifeexperiencerequiresentirelynewapproach,onethat(recognize)thatitisnownotmerehabitbutawayoflife.Tobuildabetter(understand)oftheeffectsofdigitalexperience,scientistsneedtorecordeverything,oneverydevice,anindividualsees,does,andtypes.Theresearcherscallthisultra-fine-grainedrecorda"screenome”.Thepaperpresentedcolour-codedgraphsofthedigitalthreadsof30universitystudents,(monitor)overfourdays.Thegraphsshowedwidedifferencesinpeopleusedtheirscreensfor,aswellasintheirpatternsofswitchingonekindofactivity,likeemail,toanother,suchasentertainmentornews.Somepeopleplacebrief(period)ofworkbetweenhugechunksofstreamingmoviesandYouTube;othersappeartobebouncingbetweenemail,work,andnewssites.Thesepatternscanvarydaytoday,ofcourse,foranyofus.Thedeeperquestionforresearchers,andonewhichtheyhavenothadaneasywaytostudy,ishowtheseshiftingpatternsshape(day)experience.Themostcommonlyciteddownsideoftoomuchscreentimeislowmood,ordepression.Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthat,by(analyze)Facebooklanguageinthisway,theycouldpredictwhetherapersonwasontheirwaytodepressionabout70percentofthetime.8IcanwellrememberthatIwasonceaskedtodeliveraspeechtitledARealTestinMyLifebeforethewholeclassattheageof9!Youcanimaginehowl.(terrible)shyIwasthemomentIthoughtofthatscene.Ihadnochoicebut2.(prepare)forit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,3.wasjustapieceofcakeforme,agoodwriter.Butthehardestpart4.(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory,becausetoreadfromthepaperwasnotallowed.TherealmomentbeganwhenIstoodontheplatform6.mylegstremblingandmymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.GraduallyIfound7.(me)back,givingoutmyspeechwithoutdifficulty.After8.seemedtobeahundredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding1madeit!Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforeabigaudiencedisappeared.Actuallyasmy9.(confident)buildsup,Ihaveturnedouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthegreatestdifficultyonourwaytosuccessisourfear.Overcomeit10.wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.Thereisasayingthatgoes,"AllroadsleadtoRome."Roadswereessentialforthe1.(grow)oftheRomanEmpire.TheseroadsenabledtheRomanstomovearmies2.(efficient).Atitspeak,theRomanroadsystem3.(cover)53,00milesandcontainedabout372links.TheRomansweregoodatconstructingtheseroads,4.werecalledviae(通路).PreparedviaebeganinhistoryasthestreetsofRome.ThelawsoftheTwelveTables十二銅表法)，5.(date)backtoapproximately450BC.,explainthataroadshallbe8feetwidewherestraightand16feetwherecurved.AccordingtotheTables,Romansarecommanded6.(build)roadsthatwouldnotneedfrequentrepair.TheRomanshad7.preferenceforstandardizationwhenevert