2018耶魯大學校長畢業(yè)演講

2018耶魯大學校長畢業(yè)演講第一頁，共26頁。GraduatesoftheClassof2018,familymembers,andfriends.Itisapleasuretobeherewithyoutoday,adayfilledwithjoyforthepresentandhopeforthefuture.ThereisawonderfulYaletraditionthatIwouldliketohonorrightnow:MayIaskallofthefamiliesandfriendsheretodaytoriseandrecognizetheoutstanding—andgraduating—membersoftheClassof2018?Andnow,mayIasktheClassof2018toconsiderallthosewhohavesupportedyourarrivalatthismilestone（里程碑）,andtopleaseriseandrecognizethem?Thankyou!第二頁，共26頁。Thesearethemonthsandyearswhenpeopletendtomakealotofplans.Somearepractical:youscheduleflightsandrentapartmentsandconsiderwhereyouwilllive,work,orstudyaftergraduation.Othersaremoreaspirational（有雄心壯志的）:youimagineyourfuturelifeandwhatyouwishtoaccomplishintheyearsahead.IwanttobeginbysharingapassagePauliMurraywrotein1945aboutheraspirations.Atthetime,shewasayounglawyerandcivilrights（民權）activist（積極分子）.第三頁，共26頁?！癐intendtodestroysegregation（種族隔離；）bypositiveandembracing（欣然接受的）methods,”Murraywrote.“Whenmybrotherstrytodrawacircletoexclude（排除）me,Ishalldrawalargercircletoincludethem.Wheretheyspeakoutfortheprivileges（特權）ofapuny（弱小的）group,Ishallshoutfortherightsofallmankind.”SotodayIaskyou:Howlargewillyoudrawyourcircle?Willyoudrawacirclethatislarge,inclusive,andvibrant（充滿活力的）?Orwillitbesmall,“puny,”andprivileged?Theworkofinclusionisdifficult,buttherewardsaregreat.第四頁，共26頁。LetmesuggestwaysyoumightfollowtheexampleofPauliMurray—andmanyotherYalegraduates—whenyouleavethiscampus.First,makesureyourcirclesaretrulylarge.Intoday’sworld,whereyoucanhave700followersonTwitterandathousandfriendsonFacebook,itmayseemeasytohavealargecircle.Butifyou’rebombarded（轟炸）withthesamestories,memes（文化基因）,andopinionsfromallyourso-calledfriends,thenyourworldmayinfactbequitenarrow.Aconversationwithsixfriendsinreallifeactuallymayleadtoagreatervarietyofideasandperspectives（看法）.第五頁，共26頁。InmyyearsatYale,Ihavebeenprivilegedto（有幸）knowsomeofthemostbrilliant（杰出的）mindsintheworld.Ihavelearnedthatthegreatestscholarsdrawlargecircles.Theyreadwidelyandareinterestedinideaswellbeyondthescopeof（超出…范圍）

theirownresearchandbeliefs.RobertDahl,whowasasterling（純正的）ProfessorofPoliticalScience,taughtatYaleforfortyyears.Oneofthemostrespectedpoliticalscientistsofhisgeneration,ProfessorDahlwasanauthorityondemocracy（民主主義）anddemocraticinstitutions(民主制度).Andhewasabelovedteacherandmentor（導師）.第六頁，共26頁。Afterhisdeathin2014attheageof98,tributes（稱贊；敬意）fromhisformerstudentspouredin.Oneofhisgraduatestudents,JeffreyIsaac,recalledhowhevehemently（激烈地）disagreedwithsomeofDahl’sarguments,eventhoughhelovedtakinghisclasses.Forhisdissertation（論文）,Isaacproposed（提議；計劃）writingacritique（評論文章）ofDahl’stheories.Muchtohissurprise,themostenthusiasticandsupportivefacultymember（教職工）

inthedepartmentwasDahlhimself!Heagreedtosupervise（指導；監(jiān)督）thedissertation.第七頁，共26頁。Isaacwrote,“BobDahlspentcountlesshoursinhisofficetalkingwithmeaboutmyprincipal（主要的）theoretical（理論的）antagonist（敵手）—him!Wewoulddiscussthisguy‘Dahl’inthethirdperson,consideringthelimitsofhisarguments,speculating（推測）abouthowhemightrespondtomyarguments.”ProfessorDahlembraced（擁抱；接受）hiscritics,listenedtothem,andconversed（交談）withthem,amodelofopenandengagedscholarshipandteaching—thebestwecanaspire（渴求）toatYale.第八頁，共26頁。Thelessonextendsbeyond（延伸到…之外）

ourcampus.Ourgreatestchallengesasasociety—climatechange,poverty,insecurity,andviolence—demandinnovative（革新的）andcreativesolutions.Yetpoliticalpolarization（極化）ismakingitmoredifficultthanevertosolvetheseproblems.Wemustbeabletotalkwithouropponents（對手）eventhoughwedisagreewiththem.Wemightstartbyemulating（仿效）ProfessorDahl—andsomanyotherwiseandgenerousthinkerswhohavedrawnlargecirclesandsoaddedtothesumofhumanunderstanding.第九頁，共26頁。Mysecondpieceofadvice—andhereIamtakingsomeliberties（自由）withthemetaphor（比喻；暗喻）—istodrawasmanycirclesasyoucan.Onecirclewillbeyourwork.Makesureyouenjoyit,butmakesureyouhaveothercirclesaswell.第十頁，共26頁。Weknowoneofthekeystohappinessisdevelopingapassion—evenanexpertise（專業(yè)知識）—outsideofwork.Sharingthatpassionwithothersgivesusgreatjoy,anditconnectsustoothercirclesoffriendsandassociateswhomightbeverydifferentfromtheoneswewouldmeetotherwise.第十一頁，共26頁。Asmanyofyouareaware,Iamquitepassionate（熱情的）aboutmusicfromtheAppalachianMountainregion.MyloveoftraditionalcountryandbluegrassmusichasallowedmetovisitplacessuchassouthwestVirginiaandeasternKentucky,tochairtheboard（董事會）oftheInternationalBluegrassMusicMuseum,andtoplaybass（低音）—forthirtyyearsnow—withtheProfessorsofBluegrass.Itenablesmetosharestoriesandsongswithperfectstrangersatsummertimebluegrassfestivals.Mostsignificantly（意義重大地）,though,ithasledtocirclesoffriendshipbeyondthetownsinwhichIgrewup,beyondtheuniversitiesIattended,andbeyondmyprofessionofpsychology（心理學）.第十二頁，共26頁。Iamproud,ofcourse,tobeapsychologist,andmydiscipline（學科；紀律）doesinfactprovidesomeempiricalevidence（實證）tosupportmypersonalexperience.PatriciaLinvilleisasocialpsychologistwhostudieshowpeoplethinkofthemselvesandhowtheseself-perceptions（自我知覺）influencewell-being（幸福）.SheisnowatDuke,butshewasmyteacherhereatYalewhenshecompletedseveralstudiesofwhatsheterms（把…稱為）“self-complexity（復雜性）.”第十三頁，共26頁。Greater“self-complexity,”accordingtoLinville,meansapersonhasavarietyofaspectstohisorherself.Inotherwords,heorshedrawsmanycircles.Forexample,awomanwhothinksofherselfasastudent,amarathonrunner,atheater-goer（戲迷）,areaderoftheNewYorkermagazine,and—let’ssay—abassplayerinabluegrassbandwoulddemonstrate（證明）greaterself-complexitythansomeonewhothinksofhimselfonlyasalawyer.第十四頁，共26頁。ProfessorLinville,inherresearch,foundthatgreaterself-complexityactsasa“buffer”（緩沖器）againstnegativeexperiences.Forexample,ifyoudefineyourselfalmostentirelyintermsofyourjob,gettingpassedoverforapromotion（晉升）mightbedevastating（毀滅性的）foryoursenseofself-worth.Linvillecallsthis“puttingallyoureggsinonecognitive（認知的）basket.”Peoplesuchasourmarathon-runningbassplayer,ontheotherhand,bounce（迅速恢復活力；反彈）backmorequicklyafterasetback（挫折）.Linvilleevenfoundthatcollegestudentswithgreaterself-complexitywerelesslikelytogetsickorexperiencedepressionorstress.第十五頁，共26頁。Thirdandfinally,letmesuggestoneimportantwaywecanexpand（拓展）ourcircles—byreachingoutandengagingwith（與…接洽）others.HereIwouldliketoturnagaintoPauliMurrayandoneofhermoresurprisingrelationships.Murray’spaperscontainthousandsofletters—areflection（映像）ofafulllife,animated（活生生的）bymanyinterests,commitments,andrelationships.Alifeofmanycircles.第十六頁，共26頁。DuringhertimeatYaleLawSchool,MurrayreceivedaletterfromWilliamS.Beinecke,amemberoftheYaleCollegeClassof1936.Nowthenamewillsoundfamiliartoeveryonehere.TheBeineckeRareBook&ManuLibraryisnamedforWilliam’sfatherandtwouncles,andmanyotherprogramsandplacesatYalehavebenefitedfromthefamily’sremarkable（卓越的，非凡的）philanthropy（博愛，慈善）.第十七頁，共26頁。BillBeineckepassedawayjustlastmonth;hewasnearly104yearsold.In1963whenhewroteMurray,hewaschairmanoftheSperryandHutchisonCompany,avenerable（莊嚴的）Americancompanyfoundedbyhisgrandfather.(YourparentsandgrandparentsprobablyrememberS&HGreenStamps.)BeineckewasaleaderincorporateAmerica（美國公司）andawealthyandpowerfulman.HehadmetMurrayataneventatYale,andnotlongafterthatmeeting,hewroteheraletter.Heenclosed（）附上aclipping（裁剪）fromTimemagazineaboutracerelationsintheUnitedStatesandaskedwhatshethought.第十八頁，共26頁。Murrayresponded.Afewweekslaterhesentheranotherarticleandaskedheropinionagain,thistimeaboutschoolintegration.Shewroteback.Atonepoint,MurraywroteBeineckeafour,single-spaced,typedletteronwhatshecalledthe“imponderablesontheissueofrace.”Theircorrespondencecontinuedforseveralweeks,withinterestingandfranklettersonbothsides.第十九頁，共26頁。BeineckeandMurray—bothexemplarsoftheYaletradition—wereabletosustainaconversationdespitedifferencesingender,familybackground,race,class,andmore.Wedon’tknowwhetherornottheyentirelyagreedwithoneanother,butwecanimaginetheylearnedalotfromtheexchange.Allbecausetwoindividualsdecidedtoreachbeyondtheirnormalcircles.第二十頁，共26頁。Beinecke’sdecisiontowriteMurraydidnottakeplaceinavacuum.Inthe1950s,heattendedadiscussionatYaleLawSchoolonthetopicofAmericanracerelations.Notlongafter,hedecidedtolookintoSperryandHutchinson’shiringpractices.HelearnedthattheemploymentagencyvettingapplicantsforhiscompanywasscreeningoutAfricanAmericans,removingthemfromthepoolbeforetheirapplicationseverreachedSperry&Hutchinson.Beineckeendedthepractice.第二十一頁，共26頁。HealsosupportedscholarshipsforunderprivilegedhighschoolstudentsandestablishedafellowshipforstudentsofcoloratYaleLawSchool.ItwasinthecourseofthisworkthathemetMurrayandinitiatedtheircorrespondence,hopingtobridgethegulfthatseparatedhisexperiencefromhers.第二十二頁，共26頁。BillBeinecke’slifewasmadeupofmanydifferentcircles.HeledeffortstoimproveNewYork’sCentralPark,hesupportedenvironmentalcauses,hewasdedicatedtothegameofgolf,andheremainedanardentchampionofYaleanditsstudents,amongotherinterests.AndwhataboutPauliMurray,whoasayoungpersonpromisedto“drawalargercircle”inherlife?OnemonthafterwritingherlastlettertoBillBeinecke,sheparticipatedinthehistoricMarchonWashington,whichshehelpedorganize.WhilefinishingherdoctorofjurisprudencedegreehereatYale,shedraftedaninfluentiallegalmemo,helpingtoensurethat“sex”wasincludedintheCivilRightsActof1964.Murray’sothercirclesincludedwritingpoetryandteaching.Attheageof67,shebecamethefirstAfrican-America