定語從句 陳勁草

WelcomeTheAttributiveClause定語從句誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。真正的友誼猶如健康的身體,失去時(shí)方知其可貴。He

wholaughslastlaughsbest.Friendshipislikehealth,

thevalueof

whichisseldomknownuntilitislost.EnjoysomeproverbsGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.Allthatglitters(閃光)isnotgold.自助者天助。世上無難事，只怕有心人。閃閃發(fā)光的不一定是金子。Whatisanattributive?(何為定語？)Hemadeaninspiring

speech.Sheisadiligent

student.用于修飾名詞、代詞的句子成分為定語。Whatisanattributiveclause?(何為定語從句？)在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子，叫做定語從句。Hemadea

speechthat/whichwasinspirig.Sheisastudent

whoisdiligent.定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞；先行詞與定語從句之間需要一個(gè)連接詞，叫做關(guān)系詞；定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：

先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why定語從句的做題方法：(1)判斷是否為定語從句，明確先行詞。(2)確定關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分，確定選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。(3)根據(jù)語意確定具體選擇哪一個(gè)關(guān)系詞。Manypeoplecomplainthattherearesofewbuses.Theyhavetospendalongtimewaitingforabus,anditisusuallycowdedwithalargenumberofpassengers.Manypeoplecomplainthattherearesofewbusesthattheyhavetospendalongtimewaitingforabus,whichisusuallycowdedwithalargenumberofpassengers.許多人抱怨公車太少，他們要花很長的時(shí)間等一輛公交車，而車上通常滿載乘客。翻譯：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：關(guān)系代詞：that,

which,who,whom,whose,關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系詞的選擇是由先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，及先行詞的意思決定。關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,which,that,whose）指人指物在定語從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主語主語主語賓語（可以省略）賓語（可以省略）賓語（可以省略）賓語（可以省略）定語that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。NoteⅠ1.Thisisthemostinterestingfilm____Ihaveeverseen.2.Thethirdplace______wearegoingtovisitisNewYork.3.Thisistheonlyfood_____Icanfindforyou.4.Hementionedthepeopleandthings

_____hesawinhistrip.5.WhichistheT-shirt_____fitsmemost？最高級(jí)序數(shù)詞theonly,thevery,any,no,all等修飾;或先行詞是something,anything,everyting,nothing等不定代詞既有人又有物已有who或which時(shí)thatthatthatthatthatNoteⅡ只用which而不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。

Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.which(1)、在非限制性定語從句中不用that，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.(2)、關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，用which不用that.她坐的那把椅子是用木頭做的。Thechaironwhichshesatismadeofwood.1.當(dāng)先行詞是he,she等人稱代詞，以及one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等指人的不定代詞時(shí)一般用who,不用that.NoteⅢ只用who而不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.

2.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，定語從句多用who指代人。TherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.3.在非限制性定語從句中不用that，指人用who或whom.

ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.Exercises1.ThehouseIgrewup___hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.(09JX)A.init B.inC.inthatD.inwhich→

BThehousewhere/inwhichIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.2.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.(FJ06)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatAtheroofofwhich3.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.(ZJ06)A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.whichB

Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.→

1.關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分2.關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞Thisisthefactoryinwhich

Iworkedtenyearsago.whereThisisthefactory

Iworkedtenyearsago.關(guān)系副詞relativeadverbs總結(jié)：時(shí)間when=in/at/on/duringwhich地點(diǎn)where=at/in/onwhich原因why=forwhich1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears___Iliveinthefarm___youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where2.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_____consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(JX08)A.whereB.when C.whoD.whichExerciseC

A

分隔式定語從句；其先行詞和定語從句往往被分隔開，做題時(shí)，一定要先找準(zhǔn)先行詞，然后確定關(guān)系詞。“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”之介詞的選擇1.與從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配相關(guān)ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan.2.與先行詞的搭配相關(guān)I'llneverforgettheday

onwhichIwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.3.與所表達(dá)的意義相關(guān)Thecolorlessgas

withoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.NoteⅠway作為先行詞時(shí)，且在定語從句中

充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，其定語從句關(guān)系詞可為：

inwhich,that,?Thisisagoodwayinwhichtheproblemcanbesolved.=Thisisagoodwaythattheproblemcanbesolved.=Thisisagoodwaytheproblemcanbesolved.(不用引導(dǎo)詞)NoteⅡ“模糊地點(diǎn)”的先行詞后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞可為point,situation,case,conditions,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job另，常見的“模糊時(shí)間”的先行詞有occasion,stay,interval等，用when來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

(注意：此時(shí)關(guān)系詞要在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語）TheInternet,wherewecansearchforalargeamountofinformation,hasbecomeanindispensablepartofmanypeople’slife.Socialpartiesaretheoccasionswhenpeoplecandeveloptheirinterpersonalrelationship.NoteⅢ有時(shí)，為了表達(dá)需要，可以在關(guān)系副詞when、where前加上介詞from、to、until、since等。

Icameherein1949,sincewhenIhavebeenengagedinthiswork.

我1949年到這里,從那時(shí)起我就擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)工作。Hewasstandingbythewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.他站在窗戶邊，從那兒他可以看到大街上所發(fā)生的事情。NoteⅣ非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞不能省不能用that1.In1986hemovedtoHollywoodtolivewithhisstepfather,whoisafilmdirector.（高一上Unit5TheSilverScreen)2.Spielberg,whosemotherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946inasmalltowninAmerica.（高一上Unit5TheSilverScreen)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such,as,so修飾，且在定語從句中充當(dāng)名詞性成分時(shí)，定語從句需用as引導(dǎo)。

(2)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice___peopleexpected.(S2000春）(1)我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(3)我和他有同樣的書。Ihavethesamebookashehas.as2.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的異同(1)As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放于主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的非限位置較為靈活。as有“正如，正像”之意。“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.(2013NⅠ)位置靈活：可前，可中，可后as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常見句式有：asisknowntoall(眾所周知),asisoftenthecase(情況經(jīng)常是這樣),asismentionedabove(如上所述),asisannounced(如報(bào)道的那樣)。定語從句的主謂一致1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。2.“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3.關(guān)系代詞as或which作主語指的是它前面的整個(gè)主句時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。

3.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichallthepeoplepresent.

surprisesMr.Black,who___atthegate,isaskingtoseeyou.

1.布萊克先生要見你，他在門口。is2.他是受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的學(xué)生之一。Heisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.他是唯一受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的學(xué)生。Heistheonl