主旨大意專(zhuān)項(xiàng)

高考閱讀題型解題方法之主旨大意利津一中高三英語(yǔ)組張萍StepI:Lead-inThinkaboutthecommonquestionpatterns主旨大意題型常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式?a.The

mainidea/topic/besttitleofthepassageis______.b.Thisparagraphmainlytalksabout/discusses____.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.c.Whatisthebesttitle/themainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?d.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarize/expresstheauthor’smainpoint?Whichisthemainpointofthepassage/paragraph…?…StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage(1-2)quickly,andunderlinethetopicsentenceineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructureandthe

transitionalwords(過(guò)渡詞).

1P.60T.20AP.62T.1AP.63T.8AP.69T.8DP.74T.4BP.81T.8BP.84T.20DP.90T.20BP.101T.16BTip1:atthebeginning

主題句在段首:一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在議論文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。

2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown(bythemselves).Stillotherslikeademocratic(民主的)

discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevised(design)tosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.Tip2:attheend

主題句在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù),層層推理論證,最后自然得出結(jié)論,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

StepII:Haveatry1.Readthepassage3quickly,andfindthetopicsentenceineachpassage.2.Payattentiontothestructure.3.Discussaboutyouranswer.

3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractourattention:“ColorTV,only$79.Twodaysale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis“justrightforyou.”Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled“baitandswitch.”Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandiseandthereasonsforthesale.Tip3:inthemiddle

在短文中間.當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí),通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展,常用于說(shuō)明文。.4Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface在表面上

,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan,andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry,theonlymannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingoneperson’sbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardsothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.Tip4:atboththebeginningandtheendThisparagraphbeginswithatopicsentenceandendswitharestatementofthesametopicsente在文章開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾:首尾呼應(yīng)，為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方式常用于記敘文，議論文，但前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。5

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

partialdetailsA.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.Tip5:Nospecifictopicsentence,soreadersshouldsummarizefromallthedetails.從段落中歸納要點(diǎn)抓大意.有些文章無(wú)明確的主題句.這就要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)概括總結(jié)主旨大意。注意：1.不能以偏概全.2.不能過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。

3.注意多次出現(xiàn)的高頻詞或主題詞atthebeginningattheendinthemiddleatboththebeginningandtheend命題類(lèi)主題句在段落中的位置nocleartopicsentenceatthebeginningattheendStepIII:Challengeyourselfbyusingthetipsmentionedabove.1.Skimtheparagraphs(6-7)fasttochoosethemainidea.2.Haveadiscussionandshareyouranswer.

Suggestion:先看問(wèn)題后閱讀更有針對(duì)性，做到有的放矢，既省時(shí)又高效。b.注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)，找出/歸納出topicsentence.C.對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)一步提取有效信息，去偽存真。6Onehundredyearsago,schoolteacherswereexpectedtoprovideavarietyofservicesinadditiontotheirteachingdutiesandbehavethemselvesinanexemplary(servingasanexample)manner.Theycaredfor(takecareof)theoillamps,tended(lookafter)thefire,andsuppliedtheirstudentswithsharppencils.Afteralongdayintheclassroom,theywereexpectedtospendsometimeeveryeveningreadingtheBible.Womenteacherscouldnotmarry,andbarbershopswereoflimitstomenteachers.Ofcourse,alcoholandtobaccowereforbidden.Whichstatementbestexpressesthemainidea?

A.Teachersperformeddomestic(adj.家庭的)tasks.B.Theteachingprofession(n.職業(yè))demandedtotal

dedication(n.奉獻(xiàn)).C.Teachersneededtheguidanceofreligion.D.Teacherssetgoodexamplesbynotusingtobaccoandalcohol.avarietyofservicesteachingdutiesbehavethemselvesinanexemplarymanner7Whenworkhasaccumulated(gather)tothepointwhereyoufeelover-whelmed(adj.sthissobadthatyoucannotdealwithitwell),youcantakecertainstepstomakethingseasy.First,listallthetasksthatmustbedoneanddecidewhichrequiresimmediateattention.Next,dividetheworkintoseparatepilessoyoucanactuallyseethemdisappearasyouwork.Youwillavoidafeelingofdepressionifyoucanseeconcreteachievement.Last,assign(give)eachtaskacertainamountoftime.Ifyouarerealisticandallowyourselfalittleextratimeforeachtask,youwillfindthatalltheworkwillbedonewithtimetospareandasenseofaccomplishment(achievement)willreplacetheanxietyyoufeltatfirst.Whichsentencecanbestexpressthemainidea?Qualityworkrequirestimeandpatience.Thesuccessfulpersonreliesongoodassistants.C.Discouragement沮喪,氣餒anddepressionresultfromoverwork.D.Organization條理,系統(tǒng)

savestimeandenergy.stepstomakethingseasy1.Skimtheparagraphs(8)fastandwritedownthebesttitle.(within6words)2.characteristics(特征)

ofthebesttitle

★showthemainidea★attractive★simple,brief,summary★avoidmistakes(grammar,spelling..etc.)__________________________Keys：Kleptomania--amentalillnessKleptomaniaisamentalillness

StepIIIUsingtheskilloflocatingthetopicsentencestogetthemainidea/topic/pointofpassages.

1Generally,wesupposethefirstsentencesofeachparaasthetopiconeforeachpara.Readallofthem.