雅思大作文強(qiáng)化寫作過程復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)程

雅思寫作(xiězuò)考前沖刺一內(nèi)容：1）大作文寫作要點(diǎn)(yàodiǎn)梳理（評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）2）寫作過程注意點(diǎn)3）論證框架補(bǔ)充4）互動(dòng)寫作5）課后寫作作業(yè)第一頁，共80頁。高能(gāonéng)低分的原因1）審題失誤(shīwù)漏題偏題2）框架失誤(shīwù)第二頁，共80頁。大作文(zuòwén)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)任務(wù)完成內(nèi)容切題（不漏題、不立體）立場鮮明并得到有效闡釋（明確表態(tài)，有有力的論據(jù)）結(jié)構(gòu)有邏輯性連貫與銜接連接詞的運(yùn)用詞匯資源有一定難度的詞（適當(dāng)運(yùn)用大詞）近義詞替代（多樣性）語法多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性（語法正確：分詞）句子結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性（長短句，句子開頭不同）句子的長度和難度（每個(gè)段落(duànluò)有長句）用詞的正式性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性（沒有口語詞）第三頁，共80頁。作文(zuòwén)的審題一、漏題題目較長，考生容易(róngyì)漏掉其中的某些重要信息。第四頁，共80頁。Environmentalproblemsaretoobigforindividualcountriesandindividualpersonstoaddress.Inotherwords,wehavereachedthestagewheretheonlywaytoprotecttheenvironmentisataninternationallevel.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?分析：主題關(guān)鍵詞為environmentalproblems，涉及的主體為三類：individualcountries,individualpersons,internationallevel。這三類主題在作文(zuòwén)中都必須要提到。第五頁，共80頁。分析(fēnxī)練習(xí)2)Somepeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldstudyingroups.Othersthinkthattheyshouldstudyalone.Whatarethebenefitsofstudyingingroupsandstudyingalone?Whichwayismoreeffective?哪些(nǎxiē)為關(guān)鍵概念詞匯？第六頁，共80頁。2)Somepeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldstudyingroups.Othersthinkthattheyshouldstudyalone.Whatarethebenefitsofstudyingingroupsandstudyingalone?Whichwayismoreeffective?二、跑題(pǎotí)第七頁，共80頁。第一種情況：題目不難，但是由于考場緊張，想偏了跑題。Competitivenessnowisveryimportanttothesociety.Iscompetitivenesspositiveornegativetotheindividual?正確焦點(diǎn)：對(duì)個(gè)人是積極還是消極，并在論述積極影響時(shí)候肯定起對(duì)社會(huì)(shèhuì)的重要性。失誤焦點(diǎn)1：要競爭還是要合作？（X）失誤焦點(diǎn)2：競爭和合作對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)(shèhuì)的作用（X）第八頁，共80頁。第二種情況：題目(tímù)很難，沒能看懂，理解出現(xiàn)偏差Withoutcapitalpunishment(thedeathpenalty)ourlivesarelesssecureandcrimesofviolenceincrease.Capitalpunishmentisessentialtocontrolviolenceinsociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?誤讀：資本懲罰，罰款，經(jīng)濟(jì)懲罰等對(duì)控制犯罪的作用。第九頁，共80頁。審題步驟(bùzhòu)審題時(shí)間：2分鐘四步：1）明確題目類型(lèixíng)和論證框架2）判斷問題數(shù)量3）尋找關(guān)鍵詞匯4）列出簡要提綱第十頁，共80頁。1：明確(míngquè)題目類型論辯型題目：Argumentative包括：1）給你一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，問你是否同意并說明原因2）給你兩種觀點(diǎn)，問你支持哪一方3）討論(tǎolùn)某事物的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)問法：Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Doyouagreeordisagree?Doyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighitsdisadvantages?Whatdoyouthink?Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.第十一頁，共80頁。1：明確題目(tímù)類型解釋型題目：Analysis提出一個(gè)(yīɡè)比較熱門的問題，讓考生談原因和解決方案。問法：Whatarethepossiblereasonsandhowtosolveit?Whatarethesocialandindividualfunctions?Pleaseanalyzethereasonsandgiveyourrecommendations.第十二頁，共80頁。2：判斷問題(wèntí)的數(shù)量多問題題目(tímù)，彌補(bǔ)固定框架的缺陷靈活應(yīng)對(duì)，問題全覆蓋例子說明：第十三頁，共80頁。1）根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的數(shù)量(shùliàng)來判斷Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorisbecomingwider.Therichisgrowingricherandthepoorisgrowingpoorer.Whatarethecausesofthis?Whatmeasurescanbetakentoreducethisproblem?分析：兩個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，第一回答原因，第二回答措施第十四頁，共80頁。2）根據(jù)(gēnjù)題目中出現(xiàn)的連詞來判斷Nowadays,someorganizationsandcharitiespublicizetheiractivitiesbyintroducingspecialdayseveryyearlikeNationalChildren’sDayandNon-smokingDay.Whydoyouthinktheyintroducespecialdaysandwhateffectsdoesthishave?分析：and，回答兩個(gè)問題第十五頁，共80頁。3：尋找(xúnzhǎo)關(guān)鍵詞匯1）名詞(míngcí)或動(dòng)名詞(míngcí)：明確寫作范圍Somepeoplearguethatthepurposeofzoosisonlytoentertainpeople.Whatdoyouthink?Whatotherpurposesofzoos?第十六頁，共80頁。3：尋找(xúnzhǎo)關(guān)鍵詞匯2）修飾限定詞：決定寫作方向和寫作重點(diǎn)(zhòngdiǎn)Airtravelonlybenefitstherichestpeople,andmajoritypeopletakenoadvantagefromdevelopmentofairplane.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?失誤解題：乘飛機(jī)旅行是否對(duì)人們有利（X）正確解題：乘飛機(jī)是否只對(duì)富人有利？需要論述乘飛機(jī)對(duì)富人也會(huì)有不利之處，而普通人也可以獲益于乘飛機(jī)旅行。第十七頁，共80頁。4：列提綱(tígāng)忠告：沒有(méiyǒu)整理好思路，一邊想一邊寫的結(jié)果反而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且越來越混亂，甚至忘記之前的構(gòu)思。第十八頁，共80頁。論點(diǎn)(lùndiǎn)的提出1）直接提出(tíchū)論點(diǎn)AsfarasIamconcerned…AsfarasIamabletojudge…Asforme…AsIseeit…Inmyopinion…In/Formypart…In/Frommypointofview…Frommyperspective…Itseemsquitecleartomethat…Iamconvincedthat…第十九頁，共80頁。論點(diǎn)(lùndiǎn)的提出2）評(píng)價(jià)(píngjià)引用論點(diǎn)Iwouldgoalongwiththispointofview.AsfarasIamconcerned,thisproposalseemsbothsoundandwell-grounded.Asforme,Icansharethispointofview.Itotallyagreewiththisstatement,andIwillexplainwhythisisthecase.Tobefrank,Iagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.Iamagainstthispointofview.Iamopposedtothispointofview.AsfarasIamconcerned,however,thispointofviewseemsabitabsurdandridiculous.Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.Atthefirstthought,itmayseemtobeanattractiveidea,butitdoesnotbearcloseranalysis.Personally,Iaminfavoroftheformer/latterpointofview.Formypart,Iwouldgoalongwiththeformer/latterpointofview.第二十頁，共80頁。補(bǔ)充(bǔchōng)框架關(guān)鍵詞：辯證地論證(lùnzhèng)問題的兩面性第二十一頁，共80頁。論證(lùnzhèng)框架補(bǔ)充1Computertechnologiesaremoreaccessibleandcheaper.Asaresult,moreadultsworkathomeandchildrenstudyathome.Isthisapositiveornegativedevelopment?練習(xí)：完成(wánchéng)內(nèi)容構(gòu)思第二十二頁，共80頁。構(gòu)思(ɡòusī)開頭段：轉(zhuǎn)述題目背景---轉(zhuǎn)述題目---引起下文第二段：積極的方面段落(duànluò)中心句---第一個(gè)理由---第二個(gè)理由第三段：消極方面段落(duànluò)中心句---第一個(gè)理由---第二個(gè)理由結(jié)尾段：總結(jié)全文總結(jié)全文---概括優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)第二十三頁，共80頁。

Asoneofthemostimportantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury,computerhasawideapplicationinallaspectsofourlives.Forexample,asubstantialnumberofpeoplerangingfromworkerstostudentsprefertoworkorstudyathomeinsteadofphysicallysittingintheofficeoratschool.Astowhetheritisablessingoracurse,however,peopletakedifferentattitudes.

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Thosepeoplewhostronglybelievethatlearningorworkingthroughcomputerathomeseemsbeneficialtopeopleinanumberofaspectshavecogentreasonsforit.initially,themostobviousmeritcanbecontributedtothereleaseoftrafficjams.Sincelesspeopletendtousethepublicorprivatevehiclescommutingbetweenworkplacesorschoolsandtheirhomes,thereisalowerpossibilityoftheincidenceoftrafficjams.Moreover,itisconvenientandtime-savingforpeopletodoso.Distancelearningprogramisagoodcaseinpoint.Thiskindofprogramlargelyhelpspeoplewhoareunabletogotoschoolhaveaccesstoeducation.Finally,workingorstudyingathomeofferpeoplemoretimetostaywiththeirfamilies,whichmakethemfeelcomfortableandrelaxedallthetime.第二十五頁，共80頁。

Onthecontrary,someotherpeoplestronglydespisetheaboveattitude.Tobeginwith,theybelieveworkingorstudyingathomewillprobablyreducethecommunicationamongcolleaguesorclassmates.Theyfearthatthismayencouragepeopletobemoreindifferenttoothers,thusresultingintherelationshipbetweenpeoplenotascloseasinthepast.Anotherconsiderationforthosepersonslieswithpeople’sphysicalimpairmentinducedfromsittinginfrontofthecomputerstoolong.Sinceallworkneedstobedoneoncomputers,barelycanpeoplespareaminuteforrestandacupofcoffee,whichwillinevitablyhazardpeople’shealth.

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Allinall,thisdevelopmentcanbetakenbothasbeneficialandasdetrimental.Itisacceptableforpeopletoworkorstudywithcomputersathomeforsakeoftheconvenienceitbringsabout,butitwillalsosparkoffhealth-relatedproblemsandthedecreaseofpeople’ssocialinteraction.第二十七頁，共80頁。Asoneofthemostimportantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury,___hasawideapplicationinallaspectsofourlives.Forexample,____.Astowhetheritisablessingoracurse,however,peopletakedifferentattitudes.Thosepeoplewhostronglybelievethat___havecogentreasonsforit.initially,themostobviousmeritcanbecontributedto___.Moreover,___.Finally,___.Onthecontrary,someotherpeoplestronglydespisetheaboveattitude.Tobeginwith,___.Anotherconsiderationforthosepersonslieswith___.Allinall,thisdevelopmentcanbetakenbothasbeneficialandasdetrimental.Frommyperspective,___.第二十八頁，共80頁。論證框架(kuànɡjià)補(bǔ)充2Youngpeopleareofteninfluencedintheirbehaviorsandsituationsbyothersinthesameage.Thisiscalled“peerpressure”.Dothedisadvantagesoutweightheadvantages?構(gòu)思(ɡòusī)練習(xí)第二十九頁，共80頁。構(gòu)思(ɡòusī)開頭段：轉(zhuǎn)述題目背景---轉(zhuǎn)述題目---引起下文第二段：積極的方面段落中心句---第二個(gè)理由---第三個(gè)理由第三段：消極的方面段落中心句---第二個(gè)理由---第三個(gè)理由結(jié)尾段：自己的觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)全文---自己的觀點(diǎn)第三十頁，共80頁。Youngpeopleoftenfeelthepressurefromthoseofthesameagearoundthem.Forexample,youngstersmaylearntosmokeiftheyaresurroundedbyyoungsmokerseventhoughtheyarenotawarewhytheysmoke.Thispracticeisdefinedaspeerpressure,whichisnotuncommonamongtheyoung.Asforadvantagesanddisadvantagescausedbythisphenomenon,itshouldbeviewedfromwiderperspectives.第三十一頁，共80頁。Ontheonehand,peerpressuremayhavemanybanefuleffectsontheyoung.Tostartwith,peerpressuretendstoencourageyoungpeopletoimitatewhatothersdoregardlessofwhetheritisrightorwrong.Forexample,cuttingclassesisnotararethingintoday’suniversitiesinChina.Manypeopleattributethisphenomenontosomefactorssuchasboringclassesandlackofsupervision.However,asformanystudents,theyjustplaytruantbecausetheirpeersdoso.Moreover,peerpressuremaycausesomeotherseriousconsequencessuchascommittingcrimes.Youngpeopletendtobeimmatureandcannotmakeunbiasedjudgmentaboutsocialconventionsandlaws.Undertheinfluenceoftheirfriendsorfellowstudents,theymaylearnsomeviolentbehaviorsandevenembarkonthecrimeroad.Finally,peerpressuremaycausesomenegativepsychologicalimpactsonchildren.Ifateenagerfailstoconformtohiscounterparts,hemaybeisolatedfromtheothers,whichmayhurthimpsychologically.第三十二頁，共80頁。However,ontheotherhand,peerpressure,ifputinanappropriatesurrounding,mayhavesomepositiveeffects.Forexample,ifachildisputinanenvironmentwherehisfriendsdevotethemselvestostudy,hemayfeelpressuredtoengageinstudyarduouslytoo.What’smore,peerpressuremayenableyoungpeopletobefullofambition.Specifically,whenayoungpersonseepeoplearoundhimmakegreatprogressinstudyorcareer,instinctivemotivationmayspurhimtoworkhardanddohisutmosttoachievehisgoal.第三十三頁，共80頁。

Toconclude,bothsidesmakesense.Thereforeitseemshardtodefinepeerpressureasablessingoracurse.However,afteranalyzingnumeroussocialcases,wemayfindthatyoungpeopleexposedtopeerpressuretendtobeinfluencednegatively.Therefore,inansweringthequestionofthetopic,wemaysayitsdisadvantagesoutweighadvantages.第三十四頁，共80頁。論證(lùnzhèng)框架補(bǔ)充3Universitystudentsshouldpayallthecostoftheirstudiesbecauseuniversityeducationbenefitsindividualsratherthanthesocietyasawhole.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?構(gòu)思(ɡòusī)練習(xí)第三十五頁，共80頁。構(gòu)思(ɡòusī)開頭段：轉(zhuǎn)述題目背景---轉(zhuǎn)述題目---自己的觀點(diǎn)（部分同意/不同意）---引起下文第二段：分析一（承上啟下套句）段落中心句---部分同意的幾個(gè)理由第三段：分析二（承上啟下套句）段落中心句---部分不同意的幾個(gè)理由第四段：自己的綜合觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)全文---強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的綜合觀點(diǎn)---要采取的措施第三十六頁，共80頁。

Itisasclearascrystalthatmillionsofyoungsterscomingfrompoverty-strickenfamiliescannotaffordthehighexpensesofcollegeeducation.However,somepeoplearguethatallthecostoftheiruniversityeducationshouldbepaidbyindividualstudents.Ipartlysidewiththeabovestatementandwillendeavortoexemplifymyopinionthatitisnotuniversallyfeasibleforeveryundergraduatetofinancetheirstudies.Still,thisessayaimstoexplorehowtoassistthoseneedycollegestudentstoaccomplishtheircollegeeducation.第三十七頁，共80頁。

Thereareseveralreasonstoprovethateveryindividualcollegestudentshouldfinancehisowneducation.Foronething,highereducation,forthosewhoexcelinentranceexamforcollegeeducation,cannolongerbeclassifiedintothecategoryofcompulsoryeducation.Foranother,somatureandcapablearetheyouthsthatitishighlypossibleforthemtoearntheirlivingbyworkingthroughtheircollege.Tomakethefinalpoint,educationisaninvestment,whichcanrewarditsinvestorwithhighinterest.Thatistosay,everyindividualcollegestudentis,byallmeans,thebeneficiaryofhighereducation.Inlightofthisstatement,itishighlyjustifiedthateveryuniversitystudentissupposedtofinancehisowneducation,especiallyforthosewhocomefromwell-to-dofamilybackground.第三十八頁，共80頁。

Nevertheless,undernocircumstanceshouldweignorethosespecialcollegestudents,namely,thosewhocomefromimpoverishedfamilybackground.Itisfarfromeasyforthemtoaffordtheincrediblyexpensivetuitionfees.Inthissense,someeffectivemeasuresshouldbedonetohelpthemgetwell-educated.Tobeginwith,theyshouldbeentitledtoenjoythefinancialaidoutofthepublicpurse.Theeconomicsubsidyaimingatpoorstudentsshouldcultivateandnurturemoreprofessionallywell-trainedtalentswhocan,inreturn,makesubstantialcontributiontothecommunitywiththeirspecializedknowledgeandskills.Then,anotherpreferablewayistoresorttoeducationloans,whichcanbepaidbackaftergraduationandsecuringadecentjob.Furthermore,universitiesoughttoprovidethoseneedycollegestudentswithpar-timejobopportunitiessothatitispossibleforthemtoeasethefinancialstra