江蘇省徐州市高中英語-Unit3-Grammar-and-usage課件3-牛津譯林版必修3

Unit3Backtothepast

GrammarPresentperfecttense1hUnit3Backtothepast

Gramma

GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense.Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.GooverthenewsstoryonPagThedisappearanceofJustin(make)Kellyveryunhappy.hasmade

Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.TheusesofthepresentperfecttenseThedisappearanceofJuI(notsee)JustinsincelastFridaynight.

havenotseenWealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.I(notsee)Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense.

1We(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.2They

(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.3I(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.4Thestudent(finish)herhomeworkalready.5Eric(go)backtohishometowntoday.6Thepolice(justfinish)searchingthearea.have

studiedhavelivedhavereadhasfinishedhasgonehavejustfinishedCompletethefollowingsentencWeusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:

alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyetWeusethepresentperfecttenalready,yet;for,since

Weuse

alreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.already,yet;for,sinceWeuseaHe

hasjustgone

out.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)Weuse

thepresentperfecttense

heretotellothersthatheisn’therenow.Ihavejustheardthenews.(NowIknowthenews.)Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,just

isused.Payattentiontothe

position

of

just.Hehasjustgoneout.(=HewentWecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…WecanalsousethepresentpeTomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisstillinthemorning.)Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.)Actionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedby

todayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.TomhasrungupthreetimesthLookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.Lookatthefollowingsentence

1WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.2Theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.3Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.4Justinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.5Theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.6Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.1WehavestudiedEnglishforThepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense

1‘youmypen?’‘Yes,Iitonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)2‘youdinner?’‘Yes,IitwithMary.’(have)3thepostmanyetthismorning?

Didthepostmancomethismorning?(come)5Ihimforalongtime.Hello!I(not)youwerehereinNanjing.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?(know)

HaveseensawHavehadhadHavecomehaveknowndidn’tknowThepresentperfecttenseandThepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.c.f.Wehaven’tseenJustinforaweek.(Heisstillmissing.)Justindisappearedlastweek.(ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes.)Hesmokedforsixmonths.(Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.Thepresentperfecttenseisn

Sometimes,however,theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.

Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)

Sometimes,however,theactioForapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.1Tomhashadabadcarcrash.(He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow.)Tomhadabadcarcrash.(Buthe’sprobablyoutofhospitalnow.)2Thelifthasbrokendown.(Wehavetousethestairs.)Theliftbrokedown.(Butit’sprobablyworkingagainnow.)ForapastactionwhosetimeiReadthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Readthediaryentryandthen

(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited(6)hasswum(7)hasnevermet(8)hasdived(9)hasfound(10)hasn’tfound(11)Has,been(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)Presentperfectcontinuoustense

PresentperfectcontinuoustenTheusesofthe

Presentperfectcontinuoustense1Iforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.(wait)2I’msosorryI’mlate.youlong?WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.havebeenwaitingHavebeenwaitingTheusesofthePresentperfecGooverPoints1and2onpage9.GooverPoints1and2onpageTheformofthePresentperfectcontinuoustenseWeformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave/hasbeenandthepresent

participleoftheverb.

TheformofthePresentperfec

Answers:(2)havebeentalking(3)havebeentaking(4)havebeenwatching(5)haveseen(6)havebeenwritingAnswers:(2)havebeentalkinPresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense?PresentperfectorpresentperLiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.LiJiahasreadabookaboutSInthefirstsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisn’tstillcontinuing,andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow,butinthesecondsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing.c.f.I’vecleanedthehouse.I’vebeencleaningthehouse.ReadPoint1onpage10.Inthefirstsentence,itmeanIEgypttwicethismonth.(visit)IEgyptfortwomonths.(tour)Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.havevisitedhavebeentouringIEgypthowmanytimes/howlonghaveyouswuminthelake?haveyoubeenswimminginthelake?Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.HowmanytimesHowlonghowmanytimes/howlongAstateverboranactionverb

Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.(stateverb)IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)

Anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging.Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame.Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo,go,andplay.Someexamplesofstateverbsarelike,knowandexist.AstateverboranactionverbAstateverbdoesn’tmeananaction,soitcan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.They’vealwayshadabiggarden.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?He’sbeeninhospitalsincehisaccident.Astateverbdoesn’tmeanana

I’venevervisitedParis.I’vealreadybeentoParis.always,never,yet,alreadyandevercan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.I’venevervisitedParis.IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.Wecanuseforandsincewiththethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.

Ihavenotbeensleepingwell

Answersonpage11

A(1)heard(2)beendoing(3)beenresearching(4)beendoing(5)started(6)done(7)read(8)found(9)started(10)beendoing(11)beenmakingAnswersonpage11SampleanswersB1Hehasbeenwaitingatanundergroundstation.2TheyhavebeentravelinginanUFO.Itlookslikeasaucer.3Theyprobablyhavetalkedtoanimalsorplantsontheearthaswellascreaturesonotherplants.4TheyhavevisitedMars,Venus,Jupiterandsomeotherplanets.SampleanswersHowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?OrHowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?Ithassnowedforalongtime.Ithasbeensnowingforalongtime.HowlonghaveyoulearntEngliBothpresentperfecttenseandpresentperfectcontinuoustense

Anactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuingorhasonlyjustfinishedcan,withcertainverbs,beexpressedbyeitherthepresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous.Verbswhichcanbeusedinthiswayincludeexpect,hope,learn,lie,live,sleep,sit,study,wait,want,rain,etc.Bothpresentperfecttenseand

HomeworkPartC1andC2onpage88inWorkbookPrepareTaskHomeworkUnit3Backtothepast

GrammarPresentperfecttense38hUnit3Backtothepast

Gramma

GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense.Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.GooverthenewsstoryonPagThedisappearanceofJustin(make)Kellyveryunhappy.hasmade

Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.TheusesofthepresentperfecttenseThedisappearanceofJuI(notsee)JustinsincelastFridaynight.

havenotseenWealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.I(notsee)Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense.

1We(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.2They

(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.3I(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.4Thestudent(finish)herhomeworkalready.5Eric(go)backtohishometowntoday.6Thepolice(justfinish)searchingthearea.have

studiedhavelivedhavereadhasfinishedhasgonehavejustfinishedCompletethefollowingsentencWeusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:

alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyetWeusethepresentperfecttenalready,yet;for,since

Weuse

alreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.already,yet;for,sinceWeuseaHe

hasjustgone

out.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)Weuse

thepresentperfecttense

heretotellothersthatheisn’therenow.Ihavejustheardthenews.(NowIknowthenews.)Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,just

isused.Payattentiontothe

position

of

just.Hehasjustgoneout.(=HewentWecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…WecanalsousethepresentpeTomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisstillinthemorning.)Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.)Actionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedby

todayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.TomhasrungupthreetimesthLookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.Lookatthefollowingsentence

1WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.2Theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.3Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.4Justinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.5Theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.6Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.1WehavestudiedEnglishforThepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense

1‘youmypen?’‘Yes,Iitonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)2‘youdinner?’‘Yes,IitwithMary.’(have)3thepostmanyetthismorning?

Didthepostmancomethismorning?(come)5Ihimforalongtime.Hello!I(not)youwerehereinNanjing.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?(know)

HaveseensawHavehadhadHavecomehaveknowndidn’tknowThepresentperfecttenseandThepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.c.f.Wehaven’tseenJustinforaweek.(Heisstillmissing.)Justindisappearedlastweek.(ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes.)Hesmokedforsixmonths.(Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.Thepresentperfecttenseisn

Sometimes,however,theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.

Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)

Sometimes,however,theactioForapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.1Tomhashadabadcarcrash.(He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow.)Tomhadabadcarcrash.(Buthe’sprobablyoutofhospitalnow.)2Thelifthasbrokendown.(Wehavetousethestairs.)Theliftbrokedown.(Butit’sprobablyworkingagainnow.)ForapastactionwhosetimeiReadthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Readthediaryentryandthen

(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited(6)hasswum(7)hasnevermet(8)hasdived(9)hasfound(10)hasn’tfound(11)Has,been(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)Presentperfectcontinuoustense

PresentperfectcontinuoustenTheusesofthe

Presentperfectcontinuoustense1Iforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.(wait)2I’msosorryI’mlate.youlong?WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.havebeenwaitingHavebeenwaitingTheusesofthePresentperfecGooverPoints1and2onpage9.GooverPoints1and2onpageTheformofthePresentperfectcontinuoustenseWeformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave/hasbeenandthepresent

participleoftheverb.

TheformofthePresentperfec

Answers:(2)havebeentalking(3)havebeentaking(4)havebeenwatching(5)haveseen(6)havebeenwritingAnswers:(2)havebeentalkinPresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense?PresentperfectorpresentperLiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.LiJiahasreadabookaboutSInthefirstsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisn’tstillcontinuing,andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow,butinthesecondsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing.c.f.I’vecleanedthehouse.I’vebeencleaningthehouse.ReadPoint1onpage10.Inthefirstsentence,itmeanIEgypttwicethismonth.(visit)IEgyptfortwomonths.(tour)Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.havevisitedhavebeentouringIEgypthowmanytimes/howlonghaveyouswuminthelake?haveyoubeenswimminginthelake?Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.HowmanytimesHowlonghowmanytimes/howlongAstateverboranactionverb

Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.(stateverb)IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)

Anactionmeanssomethingha