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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東電子職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s()measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.feeble
B.limp
C.fragile
D.disabled
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)feeble“無(wú)效的;微弱的;虛弱的”;B選項(xiàng)limp“(性格)軟弱的;柔軟的,無(wú)生氣的”;C選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的;易碎的”;D選項(xiàng)disabled“殘廢的,有缺陷的”。句意:對(duì)于政府壓低小麥、大米、糖和其他必需品價(jià)格的無(wú)效措施,很多報(bào)紙進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境,可知A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Humanrelationshavecommandedpeople’sattentionfromearlytimes.Thewaysofpeoplehavebeenrecordedininnumerablemyths,folktales,novels,plays,andpopularorphilosophicalessays.Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident,thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences.“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior,whereasinthephysicalsciencessuchcommonsenseknowledgeisrelativelyprimitive.Ifweerasedallknowledgeofscientificphysicsfromourmodemword,notonlywouldwenothavecarsandtelevisionset,wemightevenfindthattheordinarypersonwasunabletocopewiththefundamentalmechanicalproblemsofpulleysandlevers.Ontheotherhandifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationsmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys"ofmuchoftheself'sbehaviorandfeelings.Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.Kohler,inreferringtothelackofgreatdiscoveriesinpsychologyascomparedwithphysics,accountsforthisbysayingthat“peoplewereacquaintedwithpracticallyallterritoriesofmentallifealongtimebeforethefoundingofscientificpsychology”.
Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphuman,relations,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.Differentexplanationsofthisparadoxhavebeensuggested.Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves;butwemightaskwhypeoplehavealwayslovedtoreadpessimistic,debunkingwritings,fromEcclesiastestoFreud.Ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically;whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?Inanycase,thefieldofhumanrelations,withitsvastliterary,documentationbutmeagerscientifictreatment,isingreatcontrasttothefieldofphysicinwhichtherearerelativelyfewnonscientificbooks.
1.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeensuggestedthatthescienceofhumanrelationswasslowtodevelopbecause(
).
2.Whichofthefollowingclaimssupportstheauthor’sstatementthat“Psychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences,’?
3.Accordingtothepassage,anunderstandingoftheselfcanbe
(
).
4.Theauthorimpliesthatattemptstotreathumanrelationsscientificallyhavethusfarbeenrelatively
(
).
5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorassumesthatcommonsenseknowledgeofhumanrelationsis(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intuitiveknowledgeofhumanrelationsisderivedfromphilosophy
B.earlyscientistsweremoreinterestedinthephysicalworld
C.scientificstudiesofhumanrelationsappeartoinvestigatetheobvious.
D.thescientificmethodisdifficulttoapplytothestudyofhumanrelations
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thefullmeaningofahumanrelationshipmaynotbeobvious.
B.Commonsenseunderstandingofhumanrelationscanbeincisive.
C.Intuitiveknowledgeinthephysicalsciencesinrelativelyadvanced.
D.Subjectivebiasisdifficulttocontrolinpsychologicalresearch.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.highlybiasedduetounconsciousfactors
B.improvedbyspecializedtraining
C.profoundevenwhenvaguelyconceived
D.irrelevantforunderstandinghumanrelations
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.unilluminating
B.paradoxical
C.pessimistic
D.encouraging
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.equallywelldevelopedamongalladultswithinagivensociety
B.biasedinsofarasitisbasedonmythsandfolktales
C.typicallyunrelatedonanindividual’sinteractionswithotherpeople
D.usuallysufficientlyaccuratetofacilitateinteractionswithothers
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphuman,relations,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop(矛盾的是,人類擁有如此本能來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)人際關(guān)系,而有關(guān)人際關(guān)系處理的技巧卻在最后才得到發(fā)展)。接著后面指出:whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?(人們?yōu)楹我獮橐粋€(gè)明白的事實(shí)去系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行觀測(cè),再建立起一套理論呢?)。故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段開頭主要介紹了心理學(xué)能在眾科學(xué)中占有獨(dú)特位罝的原因:Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident,thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences(雖然人際關(guān)系的全部意義并非一目了然,但是要是能一眼瞥去就能明白那些復(fù)雜感情和動(dòng)作的意思,自然妙不可言。這也是心理學(xué)能在眾科學(xué)中占有獨(dú)特位置的原因)。因此B正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞understandingoftheself定位至第一段:Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunfonnulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived...(換句話說,人們對(duì)于自身和他人其實(shí)有一個(gè)很深刻和全面的了解,即使只是在模糊的意識(shí)層面……)。因此選C“雖然只是在模糊的意識(shí)層面,但是是深刻的”。
4.判斷推理題。最后一段:whyshouldonedevelopatheory,carryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?(人們?yōu)楹我獮橐粋€(gè)明白的事實(shí)去系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行觀測(cè),再建立起一套理論呢?),因此推斷A項(xiàng)“無(wú)啟發(fā)性的”正確。
5.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Ontheotherhandifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationsmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore(反過來(lái)講,假設(shè)我們將全部的心理學(xué)科學(xué)知識(shí)移除我們的世界,可能人際關(guān)系上的問題依然能夠很順利地得到解決)。因此可知,人們對(duì)于人際關(guān)系的常識(shí)最夠可以解決人際交往中的問題,故選D。
3.單選題
Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)(
)manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dedicate
B.articulate
C.exasperate
D.formulate
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dedicate“致力,獻(xiàn)身”;B選項(xiàng)articulate“善于表達(dá)的;口才好的”;C選項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒,惡化”;D選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃,制定”。A、C、D都為動(dòng)詞,不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關(guān)鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己的思想和愿望”,可知空格部分形容詞的意思應(yīng)該是“善表達(dá)的”,句意為:赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個(gè)能言善辯的人,能把自己的想法準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來(lái)。故正確答案選B。
4.填空題
MuchofwhatisbestinRoots—thestoryofhisfamilytracesbackoversevengenerations—waswritten
outofthisman’sownsufferingsanddespair.Heisclosetotearsashetellsthestory.
A
B
C
D
【答案】Btracesback改為tracedback
【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
【解題思路】根據(jù)waswritten,可知?jiǎng)幼饕淹瓿桑瑃race是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,用過去分詞traced表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。
【句意】《根》講述了他的家族七代人的故事,其中最精彩的部分是他用自己的痛苦和絕望寫成的。當(dāng)他講述這個(gè)故事時(shí),幾乎要流淚了。
5.單選題
Eachofthemhadadifferent()ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.message
B.theory
C.version
D.comment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)message“消息”;B選項(xiàng)theory“理論,原理”;C選項(xiàng)version“版本,說法”;D選項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論,意見”。句意:每個(gè)人對(duì)實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情都有不同的說法,但她的說法更可信。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。
6.單選題
Sincemarketreformswereinstitutedinthelate1970s,Chinahasbeenamongthemostrapidlygrowingeconomiesintheworld,regularly()10percentGDPgrowthannually.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exceeded
B.exceeding
C.hasexceeded
D.havingexceeded
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:自上世紀(jì)70年代末實(shí)行市場(chǎng)改革以來(lái),中國(guó)一直是世界上增長(zhǎng)最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一,每年的GDP增長(zhǎng)率經(jīng)常超過10%。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hasbeen,所以填空處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ),由此可首先排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng);其次,這里應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示超過的狀態(tài),而且超過是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
7.單選題
Thewomenmeettwiceamonthto()theirideastogetherandsetbusinessgoalsforeachother.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enquire
B.indulge
C.tease
D.pool
【答案】D
【解析】enquire詢問,調(diào)查;indulge滿足,縱容;tease取笑,戲弄;pool聯(lián)營(yíng),合伙經(jīng)營(yíng)。句意:這些女性每月會(huì)面兩次,把她們的想法匯集在一起,為彼此設(shè)定商業(yè)目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。
8.單選題
Igotupsolatethismorning1hadtocookupsomeexcuseaboutmycarbreakingdown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.initiate
B.challenge
C.invent
D.appreciate
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.initiate開始;發(fā)起B(yǎng).challenge挑戰(zhàn)
C.invent發(fā)明;編造D.appreciate欣賞;賞識(shí)
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞someexcuse(一些借口)可知,cookup表示“編造”的意思,C項(xiàng)詞義與之相近,故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。
【句意】我今天早上起得這么晚,我不得不編造一些借口,說我的車壞了。
9.單選題
Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas()fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acontroversial
B.astatistical
C.anexplicit
D.anunimpeachable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的;有爭(zhēng)論的”;B選項(xiàng)statistical“統(tǒng)計(jì)的;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的”;C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的;清楚的;直率的;詳述的”;D選項(xiàng)unimpeachable“無(wú)可指責(zé)的;無(wú)可懷疑的;無(wú)懈可擊的;無(wú)過失的,無(wú)罪的”。句意:18世紀(jì)的小說中,女性的作品要比男性的多得多,但直到最近,這種主導(dǎo)地位一直被認(rèn)為只是一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí),一種只有文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家才注意到的晦澀知識(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
1.(
)
Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.
2.(
)
Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.
3.(
)
Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.
4.(
)
Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.
Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.
Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.
5.(
)
Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.
6.(
)
AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement
B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming
C.Fanningandsoilerosion
D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries
E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment
F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries
G.Farmingandfoodoutput
H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput
I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement
B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming
C.Fanningandsoilerosion
D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries
E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment
F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries
G.Farmingandfoodoutput
H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput
I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement
B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming
C.Fanningandsoilerosion
D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries
E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment
F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries
G.Farmingandfoodoutput
H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput
I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement
B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming
C.Fanningandsoilerosion
D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries
E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment
F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries
G.Farmingandfoodoutput
H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput
I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement
B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming
C.Fanningandsoilerosion
D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries
E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment
F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries
G.Farmingandfoodoutput
H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput
I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.Theprobableeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreement
B.Theenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarming
C.Fanningandsoilerosion
D.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountries
E.Governmentsandmanagementoftheenvironment
F.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountries
G.Farmingandfoodoutput
H.Theeffectsofgovernmentpolicyonfoodoutput
I.Thenewprospectsforworldtrade
【答案】第1題:E
第2題:G
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:F
第6題:A
【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA第一句,“Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.”,政府在環(huán)境管理方面發(fā)揮的作用是困難的,但是不可避免的。本句為A段的中心句,可判斷出主要提到的內(nèi)容是政府和環(huán)境管理。選項(xiàng)Ⅴ符合題意。
2.根據(jù)SectionB第一句,“Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.”,農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)對(duì)地球表面的影響最大,可知本段的內(nèi)容與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)。根據(jù)下文,“Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetween…”,可知對(duì)糧食產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行了討論。可判斷出本段的主要內(nèi)容為農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食產(chǎn)量。選項(xiàng)Ⅶ符合題意。
3.根據(jù)SectionC第一句,“Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.”,所有的這些農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)都對(duì)環(huán)境帶來(lái)有害影響。此句為段落中心句,可判斷出本段內(nèi)容為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。選項(xiàng)Ⅱ符合題意。
4.根據(jù)SectionD第一句,“Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.”,政府的政策經(jīng)常加劇農(nóng)業(yè)可能造成的環(huán)境破壞。此句為本段的中心句,可判斷出本段的主要內(nèi)容與政府的政策相關(guān)。緊接著下文intherichcountries,主要提到在富裕的國(guó)家,政府的政策對(duì)環(huán)境的影響,與下一段的inpoorcountries形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系??膳袛喑霰径蔚闹黝}為在富裕國(guó)家中,政府政策的影響。選項(xiàng)IV符合題意。
5.根據(jù)SectionE第一句,“Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.”,可知本段主要提到在貧窮國(guó)家,政府的政策帶來(lái)的影響和傷害。與D段的richcountries構(gòu)成了對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,分別對(duì)貧窮國(guó)家和富有國(guó)家中,政府政策對(duì)環(huán)境的影響進(jìn)行了闡述。選項(xiàng)Ⅵ符合題意。
6.根據(jù)SectionF第一句,“AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.”,可指本段主要內(nèi)容與烏拉圭回合世界貿(mào)易談判相關(guān),下文提到了相關(guān)決定給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的影響??赏茢喑霰径蔚闹饕獌?nèi)容為新國(guó)際貿(mào)易協(xié)定可能產(chǎn)生的影響。選項(xiàng)I符合題意。
11.單選題
Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin()oftheproductconfiguration.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.quality
B.stereotype
C.ads
D.maintenance
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”;B選項(xiàng)stereotype“老套、成見”;C選項(xiàng)ads“廣告”;D選項(xiàng)maintenance“維持、保養(yǎng)”,句意為:他們之所以能成功地提高市場(chǎng)份額,是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诋a(chǎn)品配置的質(zhì)量上取得了突破。quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”符合題意,因此選A。
12.單選題
Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir(
)powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.cumulative
B.destructive
C.turbulent
D.prevalent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative意為“累積的”;destructive意為“破壞性的”;turbulent意為“騷亂的,混亂的”;prevalent意為“流行的,盛行的”。
句意:颶風(fēng)是致命風(fēng),它們的破壞性力量在于它們所能造成的身體傷害。
13.單選題
Stanleywas()bywhatIhadsaidandwhenIrealizedthis,Iapologizedtohimforbeingsotactless.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wounded
B.frustrated
C.resented
D.offended
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Wound“傷害,使受傷”;frustrate“挫敗,阻撓”;resent“怨恨,憤恨”;offend“冒犯”。句意:斯坦利對(duì)我的話感到了被冒犯,當(dāng)我意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),我為我的不得體向他道歉。
14.單選題
Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.Thereisaviewinwhichalltheloveofourneighbor,theimpulsestowardsaction,help,andbeneficence,thedesireforremovinghumanerror,clearinghumanconfusion,anddiminishinghumanmisery,thenobleaspirationtoleavetheworldbetterandhappierthanwefoundit—motiveseminentlysuchasarecalledsocial—comeinaspartofthegroundsofculture,andthemainandpreeminentpart.Cultureisthenproperlydescribednotashavingitsoriginincuriosity,butashavingitsoriginintheloveofperfection;itisastudyofperfection.(1)_______________________________.
Religionsays:TheKingdomofGodiswithinyou;(2)______________________.Itplacesitintheever-increasingefficacyandinthegeneralharmoniousexpansionofthosegiftsofthoughtandfeeling,whichmakethepeculiardignity,wealth,andhappinessofhumannature.AsIhavesaidonaformeroccasion:“Itisinmakingendlessadditionstoitself,intheendlessexpansionofitspowers,inendlessgrowthinwisdomandbeauty,thatthespiritofthehumanracefindsitsideal.Toreachthisideal,cultureisanindispensableaid,andthatisthetruevalueofculture.”Notahavingandarestingbutagrowingandabecoming,isthecharacterofperfectionascultureconceivesit;andhere,too,itcoincideswithreligion…
Ifculture,then,isastudyofperfection,andofharmoniousperfection,generalperfection,andperfectionwhichconsistsinbecomingsomethingratherthaninhavingsomething,inaninwardconditionofthemindandspirit,notinanoutwardsetofcircumstances,itisclearthatculture…h(huán)asaveryimportantfunctiontofulfillformankind.Andthisfunctionisparticularlyimportantinourmodernworld,ofwhichthewholecivilizationis,toamuchgreaterdegreethanthecivilizationofGreeceandRome,mechanicalandexternal,andtendsconstantlytobecomemoreso.(3)_______________________________.
Thepursuitofperfection,then,isthepursuitofsweetnessandlight.Culturehasonegreatpassion,thepassionforsweetnessandlight.Ithasoneevenyetgreater—thepassionformakingthemprevail.Itisnotsatisfiedtillweallcometoaperfectman;itknowsthatthesweetnessandlightofthefewmustbeimperfectuntiltherawandunkindledmassesofhumanityaretouchedwithsweetnessandlight.IfIhavenotshrunkfromsayingthatwemustworkforsweetnessandlight,soneitherhaveIshrunkfromsayingthatwemusthaveabroadbasis,musthavesweetnessandlightforasmanyaspossible…(4)_______________________________________.
(5)__________________________________________.Thegreatmenofculturearethosewhohavehadapassionfordiffusing,formakingprevail,forcarryingfromoneendofsocietytotheother,thebestknowledge,thebestideasoftheirtime;whohavelaboredtodivestknowledgeofallthatwasharsh,uncouth,difficult,abstract,professional,exclusive;tohumanizeit,tomakeitefficientoutsidethecliqueofthecultivatedandlearned,yetstillremainingthebestknowledgeandthoughtofthetime,andatruesource,therefore,ofsweetnessandlight.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Cultureseekstomakethebestthathasbeenthoughtandknownintheworldcurrenteverywhere;tomakeallmenliveinanatmosphereofsweetnessandlight,wheretheymayuseideas,asitusesthemitself,freely—-nourished,andnotboundbythem.
B.Thisisthesocialidea;andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.
C.Itmovesbytheforce,notmerelyorprimarilyofthescientificpassionforpureknowledge,butalsoofthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.
D.Allthesethingsoughttobedonemerelybytheway:theformationofthespiritandcharactermustbeourrealconcern.
E.Theyhumanizedknowledge;becausetheybroadenedthebasisoflifeandintelligence;becausetheyworkedpowerfullytodiffusesweetnessandlight.
F.Andculture,inlikemanner,placeshumanperfectioninaninternalcondition,inthegrowthandpredominanceofourhumanityproper,asdistinguishedfromouranimality.
G.Butaboveallinourowncountryhascultureaweightyparttoperform,becauseherethatmechanicalcharacter,whichcivilizationtendstotakeeverywhere,isshowninthemosteminentdegree.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Cultureseekstomakethebestthathasbeenthoughtandknownintheworldcurrenteverywhere;tomakeallmenliveinanatmosphereofsweetnessandlight,wheretheymayuseideas,asitusesthemitself,freely—-nourished,andnotboundbythem.
B.Thisisthesocialidea;andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.
C.Itmovesbytheforce,notmerelyorprimarilyofthescientificpassionforpureknowledge,butalsoofthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood.
D.Allthesethingsoughttobedonemerelybytheway:theformationofthespiritandcharactermustbeourrealconcern.
E.Theyhumanizedknowledge;becausetheybroadenedthebasisoflifeandintelligence;becausetheyworkedpowerfullytodiffusesweetnessandlight.
F.Andculture,inlikemanner,placeshumanperfectioninaninternalcondition,inthegrowthandpredominanceofourhumanityproper,asdistinguishedfromouranimality.
G.Butaboveallinourowncountryhascultureaweightyparttoperform,becauseherethatmechanicalcharacter,whichcivilizationtendstotakeeverywhere,isshowninthemosteminentdegree.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Cultureseekstomakethebestthathasbeenthoughtandknownintheworldcurrenteverywhere;tomakeallmenliveinanatmosphereofsweetnessandlight,wheretheymayuseideas,asitusesthemitself,freely—-nourished,andnotboundbythem.
B.Thisisthesocialidea;andthemenofculturearethetrueapostlesofequality.
C.Itmovesbytheforce,notmerelyorprimarilyofthescientificpassionforpureknowledge,butalsoofthemoralandsocialpassionfordoinggood
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