考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東體育學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Acoatofpaintwilldevelopsmallcracksasit（

）overtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peels

B.shrinks

C.hardens

D.fades

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)peel“剝落”；B選項(xiàng)shrink“收縮”；C選項(xiàng)harden“變硬”；D選項(xiàng)fade“褪色”。句意：一層油漆隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)剝落，從而產(chǎn)生小裂縫。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethatinvolvesshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewproblem.It（1）inyoungadulthood(betweentheagesof20and30),levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen（2）startstoslowlydeclineasweage.But（3）agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingoutthatcertainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.

Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe（4）ofbodyfataroundtheabdomen,whichoftenbegininmiddleageandcontinueintoadvancedage,areassociatedwithadeclineinfluidintelligence.Thissuggeststhe

（5）

thatlifestylefactors,suchasthetypeofdietyoufollowandthetypeandamountofexerciseyougetthroughouttheyearstomaintainmoreleanmuscle,mighthelppreventor（6）thistypeofdecline.

Theresearcherslookedatdatathat（7）measurementsofleanmuscle,abdominalfatandsubcutaneousfat(thetypeoffatyoucanseeandgrabholdof)frommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand（8）thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-agedpeople（9）highermeasuresofabdominalfat（10）worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligenceastheyears（11）.

Forwomen,theassociationmaybe（12）tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe（13）.Futurestudiescould（14）thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent（15）formenandwomen.

（16）therearestepsyoucan（17）tohelpreduceabdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental（18）.Thetwomostgenerallyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour（19）ofaerobicexerciseandfollowingaMediterranean-style

（20）

thatishighinfiberfromwholegrains,vegetables,andotherplantfoodsandeliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.Ifyoucarryextrabellyfat,speakwithyourhealthcareprovidertodetermineaplanthatisbestforyou.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pauses

B.return

C.peaks

D.fades

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alternatively

B.formally

C.accidentally

D.generally

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.since

C.once

D.until

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.detection

B.accumulation

C.consumption

D.separation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.possibility

B.decision

C.goal

D.requirement

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.delay

B.ensure

C.seek

D.utilize

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.modified

B.supported

C.included

D.predicted

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.devoted

B.compared

C.converted

D.applied

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.above

C.by

D.against

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.lived

B.managed

C.scored

D.played

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.ranout

B.setoff

C.drewin

D.wentby

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.superior

B.attributable

C.parallel

D.resistant

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.isolated

C.involved

D.controlled

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.spread

C.remove

D.explain

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.compensations

B.symptoms

C.demands

D.treatments

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.Likewise

B.Meanwhile

C.Therefore

D.Instead

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.change

B.watch

C.count

D.take

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.well-being

B.process

C.formation

D.coordination

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.level

B.love

C.knowledge

D.space

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.design

B.routine

C.diet

D.prescription

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.答案[C]peaks。上下文題，根據(jù)2空前and做判斷，隨著年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)會(huì)慢慢下降，說(shuō)明年輕時(shí)水平較高，達(dá)到峰值。

2.答案[D]generally。年輕時(shí)水平高，隨著年紀(jì)增加慢慢下降是大部分的共性，所以通常都會(huì)這樣。

3.答案[A]while。邏輯題，本空用來(lái)連接空后兩句（年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)是不可避免的，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦功能的某些變化可能并非如此），可判斷兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（也可根據(jù)技巧一肯一否判斷）。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while可用來(lái)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此空位于兩句最前面，表讓步。

4.答案[B]accumulation。上下文題，根據(jù)空前and判斷，and前說(shuō)肌肉損耗，這對(duì)身體健康會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，后面自然也是負(fù)面影響，腹部脂肪的____，所以選accumulation，譯為累積、堆積。另外9空之后提到腹部脂肪含量較高，也可間接證明脂肪的累積。

5.答案[A]possibility。上下文題，根據(jù)空后同位語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容（生活方式的因素可能會(huì)幫助我們阻礙這種下降），判斷出5空是一種推斷，所以選擇possibility，譯為可能性。

6.答案[A]delay。上下文題，根據(jù)空前or做判斷，應(yīng)選擇與prevent（阻礙）意思、形態(tài)相近的答案，所以選擇delay，譯為推遲。

7.答案[C]included。上下文題，根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)意，科學(xué)家們研究了數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)_____了對(duì)超過(guò)4000位中老年人的肌肉和腹部脂肪的測(cè)量。這些數(shù)據(jù)能拿來(lái)做研究，應(yīng)該是客觀的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，所以包括了對(duì)他們的測(cè)量。

8.答案[B]compared。上下文題，根據(jù)空前and判斷，觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)肌肉含量和腹部脂肪含量都會(huì)影響流體智力的下降速度，所以科學(xué)家們做實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是為了證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)，他們把中老年人的肌肉和腹部脂肪測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)與六年間對(duì)于流體智力變化的報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)相比較。

9.答案[A]with。上下文題，科學(xué)家們證實(shí)了有著較高腹部脂肪的中年人流體智力下降更快。

10.答案[C]scored。上下文題，科學(xué)家們證實(shí)了有著較高腹部脂肪的中年人流體智力下降更快，即在流體智力方面得分較低。

11.答案[D]wentby。詞組辨析題，隨著年紀(jì)增加，流體智力下降較多，即隨著時(shí)間流逝（goby），runout“耗盡”，setoff“出發(fā)、動(dòng)身”，drawin“（白晝）漸短；吸入、卷入”，都不符合語(yǔ)境。

12.答案[B]attributable。完形考過(guò)很多年這種行文邏輯，首段給出結(jié)論，然后做實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)，最后解釋原因，所以此段開始解釋原因，女性是由于過(guò)多腹部脂肪導(dǎo)致免疫力變化而導(dǎo)致流體智力的變化。

13.答案[C]involved。上下文題，女性的變化是由于免疫力變化，而男性免疫系統(tǒng)似乎沒(méi)有涉及到。

14.答案[D]explain。希望未來(lái)研究能解釋為什么男女之間會(huì)有這種差異。

15.答案[D]treatments。畢竟導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是流體智力下降，是較為負(fù)面的結(jié)果，因此需要解決這一問(wèn)題，即給出相應(yīng)的治療方案。

16.答案[B]Meanwhile。邏輯題，上文希望找到治療方案態(tài)度為正，下文有方法可以減少腹部脂肪從而改善身心態(tài)度為正，所以為順從關(guān)系，排除instead。前后同傾向，內(nèi)容相似，判斷為并列，排除therefore。Likewise“相似的”需要前后內(nèi)容只做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的改變，前后內(nèi)容并非如此，所以選meanwhile“與此同時(shí)”。

17.答案[D]take。takesteptodosth采取措施做某事，固定搭配。

18.答案[A]well-being，改善身心健康。

19.答案[A]level。高度推薦的生活方式是維持或增加有氧鍛煉的____,只有l(wèi)evel（水平）符合語(yǔ)境。

20.答案[C]diet。根據(jù)最后一個(gè)詞foods可推測(cè)為改善日常飲食。

3.單選題

Agoodwayto（

）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.acquire

C.inquire

D.sustain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。require“需要”；acquire“獲得，取得；學(xué)到”；inquire“詢問(wèn)，查究”；sustain“維持，支撐”。句意：學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一樣居住在那個(gè)國(guó)家。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；preference“偏愛，傾向，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺得他的話題從他對(duì)問(wèn)題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

12.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heishavingagoodtime.

B.Heisverymuchlikehisoldbicycle.

C.Hewillbuyanewbicyclerightaway.

D.Hewouldratherbuyanewbicyclelater.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Carl,yourbicycleistooold,it’snotsafetoride.

M:Yeah!IthinkIneedtobuyanewone,butallingoodtime.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士說(shuō)：IthinkIneedtobuyanewone,butitwillgowithtime（我考慮買新車，但這需要時(shí)間）。

6.單選題

Themotionpictureoriginatedwhenaseriesofstillphotographwereslicedandviewedinrapidsuccessiontocreatetheillusionofmovementandcontinuity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reduced

B.joined

C.revised

D.titled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。橫線單詞sliced意為“切下；把……分成部分；將……切成薄片”；A選項(xiàng)“reduced”意為“減少；縮小；使處于；把……分解”；B選項(xiàng)“joined”意為“參加；結(jié)合；連接”；C選項(xiàng)“revised”意為“修正；復(fù)習(xí)；校訂”；D選項(xiàng)“titled”意為“加標(biāo)題于；賦予頭銜；把……稱為”。句意：電影起源于將一系列靜止的照片切成薄片，快速連續(xù)地觀看，以創(chuàng)造移動(dòng)和連續(xù)性的幻覺。由題干可知，motionpicture（電影）最開始是以一系列靜止照片的形式觀看，可以推測(cè)出應(yīng)該是將這些照片切成薄片，也就是膠片的樣子。由此可知，sliced在此處最可能是“將……切成薄片”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中reduced具有“縮小，分解”的意思，與此相近。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子邏輯。前面和后面構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)butrather“而是，相反地”表示對(duì)比；B項(xiàng)butalso“并且”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；C項(xiàng)except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示轉(zhuǎn)折；D項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”，一般是作為副詞來(lái)使用，連接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，謝謝。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要開車。根據(jù)句意，正確答案為C。

8.單選題

（）he’salreadyheardthenews.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chancesare

B.Chanceis

C.Opportunitiesare

D.Opportunityis

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很可能已經(jīng)聽到這個(gè)消息了。

9.單選題

Allvisitorsarerequestedto（）withtheregulations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abide

B.comply

C.consent

D.conform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:abidewith“與……同住”；B:comply(with)“遵守”；C:consent“同意”；D:conform(to)“遵守”。句意：所有的游客都被要求遵守規(guī)則。根據(jù)句意以及固定搭配，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

10.單選題

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些滑雪者寧可坐火車穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.寧愿、寧可、最好…。

11.單選題

Nooneknowswhowasthefirsttoinventthediceasweknowthem.Whatisremarkableisthattheyhaveremainedvirtuallyintactacrossnationalboundariesandallthroughtheage——smallcubesmarkedbydotsfrom1to6,soplacedthatthesumofthedotsonoppositesidesequals7.DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC,aswellasintheruinsofBabylon.TheplayingofdicewaspopularinGreeceandevenmoresoinRome,anddicewereusedthroughouttheMiddleAges.Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum.InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice.

Thenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbytwodiceisverylimited;thenumberare:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.11and12,allelevenofthem.Themostprobablethrowis7.Theprobabilityof7issixtimesthatof12.Thereforeitwouldbeidealifanewkindofdicecouldbeinventedwithanequaldistributionofchancesforeachnumber.Well,suchdicehavealreadybeeninventedbyaBritishamateurastronomerbythenameAires.Thenewversion.

whichtheinventorcalls“heartbreakdice”，alsoconsistsoftwodice.Butthenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbythenewdiceismorethanthreetimesthatofthetraditionalones,andthechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal.

1.Accordingtopassageone,theChinesehadplayeddice（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiceinChinaistrue?

3.Inregardtothenewkindofdice,wecantellthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan2500yearsbefore.

B.3400yearsearlierthanEgyptianshaddoneso

C.intheMiddleAges

D.justalittleearlierthanChristwasborn

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.DiceinancientChinawerequitedifferentfromdicetoday

B.DiceinChinaareverydifferentfromtheonesusedinothercountries

C.InChina,peopleneverplaydicegameswithonlyonedice

D.TheaimofplayingdicegamesinChinaisthesameastheonesinothercountries——togetthehighestsum

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theideaisn’tpractical

B.itwasalsonamed“Aires”thoughit’snowcalled“heartbreakdice”.

C.it’sfamousfortheequaldistributionofchancesforeverypossiblenumber

D.italsousesdigitsfrom1to6

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC(在中國(guó)，骰子最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)。故A項(xiàng)“2500年前”正確。

2.判斷推理題。A:古中國(guó)的骰子和如今的骰子大不相同,根據(jù)第一段中“DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC(在中國(guó)，骰子最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B:中國(guó)的骰子和其他國(guó)家的骰子不同,文章并未提及。C:在中國(guó)，人們從不用一個(gè)骰子,雖然第一段指出:InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice(中國(guó)與美國(guó)的骰子游戲用的是兩個(gè)骰子),這并不能退出選項(xiàng)C。D:中國(guó)骰子游戲的目的和其他國(guó)家一樣，都是為獲得最大點(diǎn)數(shù),根據(jù)第一段中的“Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum(骰子最簡(jiǎn)單的玩法就是玩家投擲篩子以獲得最大點(diǎn)數(shù))”可知D正確。因此本題選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話為:thechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal(每個(gè)數(shù)字出現(xiàn)的概率相同),因此C項(xiàng)“因能夠平均分配每個(gè)可能出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)而著名”正確。

12.翻譯題

Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandthis.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparate,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.

【答案】閱讀之所以有趣，并不是因?yàn)樽髡咴谙蚰阒v述什么，而是由于閱讀使你積極地思考。在作者的引導(dǎo)之下，你的想象力任意馳騁，甚至超越作者的想象。對(duì)比作者的經(jīng)歷，你會(huì)得出自己的結(jié)論，可能相同，也可能相悖。而你的想法會(huì)隨著你的理解而發(fā)展。

每一本書籍都獨(dú)立存在，就像獨(dú)門獨(dú)戶的房子，而圖書館中的書籍卻像城市中的建筑。盡管它們各自獨(dú)立，但卻共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。它們之間彼此相連，而且也與其他城市相互聯(lián)系。相同或者相關(guān)的想法在不同的地方出現(xiàn)。人類在生活中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題在文學(xué)中也重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但在不同的時(shí)代、不同的作品中解決的辦法各不相同。

13.單選題

______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inspiteof

B.Becauseof

C.Butfor

D.Asfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inspiteof“盡管”；B選項(xiàng)Becauseof“因?yàn)椤?；C選項(xiàng)Butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”；D選項(xiàng)Asfor“至于”。句意：______英語(yǔ)考試，上星期天我就去聽音樂(lè)會(huì)了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是因?yàn)橛杏⒄Z(yǔ)考試這個(gè)緣故，我沒(méi)有去聽音樂(lè)會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)Butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Mostpublicplacesaresimplynot（）totheneedsofpeoplewithphysicalhandicap.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deserted

B.dwelled

C.motivated

D.geared

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。desert“拋棄，遺棄”；dwell“居住，存在”；motivate“使產(chǎn)生動(dòng)機(jī)，激發(fā)……的積極性”；gear“適合；裝上齒輪”。句意：大部分公共場(chǎng)所無(wú)法滿足身體有缺陷的人的需求。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Knowingthathewaspromoted,Jasoncouldhardlybe（）onthephone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adherent

B.adhesive

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adherent“附著的；黏著的”；B選項(xiàng)adhesive“黏著的；帶黏性的”；C選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的；清晰的；條理清楚的”；D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的；內(nèi)在的；與生俱來(lái)的，遺傳的”。句意：在得知自己升職后，杰森在電話里幾乎不能條理清楚地講話。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Lateron,inthebarourEuropeanacquaintancecommentedthatwewereindeedconsiderablybetteroffthanthelocalpeoplethoughperhapsnotthreetimesaswelloff,whichiswhatthedifferenceinroompricessuggested.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lateron

B.considerablybetteroff

C.notthreetimesaswell

D.differenceinroompricessuggested.

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。Suggested改為Suggests。Whichiswhatthedifferenceinroompricessuggested,這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中又有一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句中的系動(dòng)詞is是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該為現(xiàn)在時(shí),即suggests。

17.單選題

ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating“human”from“animal”and“human”from“machine”.Shewrites:“Thecyborgdoesnotdreamofcommunityonthemodeloftheorganicfamily,thistimewithouttheoedipalproject.ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.”TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity.Sheusesthemetaphorofacyborgtourgefeministstomovebeyondthelimitationsoftraditionalgender,feminism,andpolitics.MarisaOlsonsummarizedHaraway'sthoughtsasabeliefthatthereisnodistinctionbetweennaturallifeandartificialman-mademachines.HarawaybeginstheManifestobyexplainingthreeboundarybreakdownssincethe20thCenturythathaveallowedforherhybrid,cyborgmyth:thebreakdownofboundariesbetweenhumanandanimal,animal-humanandmachine,andphysicalandnon-physical.Evolutionhasblurredthelinesbetweenhumanandanimal;20thCenturymachineshavemadeambiguousthelinesbetweennaturalandartificial;andmicroelectronicsandthepoliticalinvisibilityofcyborgshaveconfusedthelinesofphysicality.HarawayhighlightstheproblematicuseandjustificationofWesterntraditionslikepatriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,andnaturalism(amongothers).ThesetraditionsinturnallowfortheproblematicformationsoftaxonomiesandwhatHarawayexplainsasantagonisticdualismsthatorderWesterndiscourse.Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,

peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals...allthoseconstitutedasothers.However,high-techcultureprovidesachallengetotheseantagonisticdualisms.Haraway'scyborgtheoryrejectsthenotionsofessentialism,proposinginsteadachimeric,monstrousworldoffusionsbetweenanimalandmachine.Cyborgtheoryreliesonwritingas“thetechnologyofcyborgs”,as“cyborgpoliticsisthestruggleforlanguageandthestruggleagainstperfectcommunication,againsttheonecodethattranslatesallmeaningperfectly,thecentraldogmaofphallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway'scyborgcallsforanon-essentialized,material-semioticmetaphorcapableofunitingdiffusepolitical

coalitionsalongthelinesofaffinityratherthanidentity.FollowingLacanianfeministssuchasLuceIrigaray,Haraway'sworkaddressesthechasmbetweenfeministdiscoursesandthedominantlanguageofWesternpatriarchy.AsHarawayexplains,“grammarispoliticsbyothermeans,”andeffectivepoliticsrequirespeakinginthelanguageofdomination.AsshedetailsinachartoftheparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemologywithintheManifesto,theunifiedhumansubjectofidentityhasshiftedtothehybridizedposthumanoftechnoscience,from“representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeoisnovel”to“sciencefiction,”“reproduction”to“replication,”and“whitecapitalistpatriarchy”to“informaticsofdomination.”WhileHaraway's“ironicdreamofacommonlanguage”isinspiredbyIrigaray'sargumentforadiscourseotherthanpatriarchy,sherejectsIrigaray'sessentializingconstructionofwoman-as-not-maletoargueforalinguisticcommunityofsituated,partialknowledgesinwhichnooneisinnocent.AlthoughHaraway'smetaphorofthecyborghasbeenlabelledasapost-genderstatement,Harawayhasclarifiedherstanceonpost-genderisminrecentinterviews.SheacknowledgesthatherargumentintheManifestoseekstochallengethenecessityforcategorizationofgender,butdoesnotcorrelate

thisargumenttopost-genderism.Sheclarifiesthisdistinctionbecausepost-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconceptofbeingbeyondmasculinityandfemininity.

Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.

1.Accordingtothetext,acyberneticorganismorcyborgmustbeunderstoodas（

）.

2.Harawayposesthatgenderconstructsshouldbeeliminatedascategoriesforidentitybecause

（

）.

3.AccordingtoHarawaymanicheismsareincompetitionwithoneanother,creatingparadoxicalrelationsofdomination,particularly

（

）.

4.Thecyborgisa

（

）.

5.Asonographicfetuswouldinmanywaysbetheultimatecyborgbecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agender-neutralconstruct

B.arobot

C.aposthumanspeculativebeing

D.neitherorganicnorinorganic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemology

B.post-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconcept

C.theyposeanantagonisticdualism

D.theyposeanon-essential,material-semioticmetaphor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.God/man

B.right/wrong

C.self/other

D.one/other

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.metaphor

B.mechanicalproduct

C.animisticconcept

D.organichybrid

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itis“created”inaspaceofvirtuality

B.itisneithermalenorfemale

C.itissimultaneouslyhumanandanimal

D.itispoliticallyinvisible

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway，inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries...《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線······”與“TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity《電子人宣言》一書批評(píng)傳統(tǒng)的女權(quán)主義概念（尤其是女權(quán)主義專注于身份認(rèn)同政治），取而代之的是通過(guò)親和力支持結(jié)合?！焙皖}干中“······mustbeunderstoodas可以被理解成”可推知A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)不分性別的概念”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.哈拉維指出，性別概念仍然普遍且有意義，但卻是令人煩惱的，因此應(yīng)該被當(dāng)成身份類別而被根除?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“它們引起對(duì)立的二元論”正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干中“manicheisms善惡對(duì)立說(shuō)”與文中“Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals…allthoseconstitutedasothers.哈拉維稱，對(duì)女性、有色人種、自然、工人、動(dòng)物······等所有那些構(gòu)成其他人的控制邏輯和實(shí)施而言，這些二元論是系統(tǒng)化的。”可知D項(xiàng)“一類人/其他人”正確。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘a(chǎn)nimal’and‘human’from‘machine’《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線（尤其是那些將人類和動(dòng)物、人類和機(jī)械區(qū)分開的界線）”與“ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.電子人將不會(huì)認(rèn)可‘伊甸園’，它不是泥土做成的，從而不能向往回歸塵上?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“比喻說(shuō)法”正確。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘a(chǎn)nimals’and‘human’from‘machine’.《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線（尤其是那些將人類和動(dòng)物、人類和機(jī)械區(qū)分開的界線）?！迸c題目中“sonographicfetus聲像圖的胎兒”可知A項(xiàng)“它是在一個(gè)虛擬的空間中‘被創(chuàng)造的’”正確。

18.單選題

I’m（）ongoingtothatflowershow.IbelievetherearesomespecimensofCarationthatI’minterestedin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keen

B.acute

C.shrewd

D.enthusiastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。bekeenondoingsth.表示“渴望;熱切;熱衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感興趣的標(biāo)本。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

19.單選題

Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,fromsendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.JustasthereareopportunitiesforVoluntaryServiceOverseas(VSO)foryoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment,（1）thereareopportunitiesforoverseasserviceforqualifiedtechniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,（2）thosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries（3）thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservice,therearemoreopportunitiesthanthere（4）werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-timestaff,anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybedifferent.Insomewaystheymayseemmore（5）andlessefficient,butoneshouldnotjudgethembycommercial（6）.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferentobjectives,bothpersonalandorganizational.Oneshouldnotjointhem（7）toarmthemwithprofessionalexpertise;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothecause,notbusiness（8）Becausesalariesaresmallornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor（9），simplybecausetheyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossibleinretirementwerealsopossibleduringone'sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertakennolessseriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider（10）communityservice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.then

D.that

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.passionately

B.partially

C.particularly

D.peculiarly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.as

D.that

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.before

C.never

D.lately

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.forma

C.active

D.usual

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.norm

C.criteria

D.perspective

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expecting

B.toexpect

C.beingexpected

D.expected

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.effect

B.sufficiency

C.deficiency

D.efficiency

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.free

B.freedom

C.health

D.salary

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.本題考查連詞的用法。本句意為:“正如年輕人在參加全職工作前有機(jī)會(huì)參加海外志愿服務(wù)一樣,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的合格技術(shù)人員也有機(jī)會(huì)參加海外服務(wù)。”justas…so”意為……也，因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.本題考查副詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，“一些人，尤其是那些退休早的人”，空格所在句子的前后均是逗號(hào)，并且緊跟在主語(yǔ)的后面，因此后面的應(yīng)該加上表示更進(jìn)一步的副詞，A選項(xiàng)passionately“熱情地，強(qiáng)烈地”，B選項(xiàng)partially“部分地，偏袒地”，C選項(xiàng)particularly“特別地，尤其地”，D選項(xiàng)peculiarly“特殊地，奇怪地”，因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.本題考查關(guān)系副詞的用法。countries,表示地點(diǎn),where用于表示地點(diǎn)，放在地點(diǎn)之后,意為“在那;該處”,句意：在有特殊需要的國(guó)家提供他們的技術(shù)和商業(yè)技能。根據(jù)空格前的countries，可知此處缺少一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.本題考查副詞辨析。此處是一個(gè)morethan的比較結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在和以前做比較，因此此句缺少的是一個(gè)表示過(guò)去狀況的時(shí)間副詞。A選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”，B選項(xiàng)before“以前”，C選項(xiàng)never“決不“，D選項(xiàng)lately“近來(lái)”，before作副詞需要放在動(dòng)詞后，lately和never都不符合與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，本句意為“所以在考慮義務(wù)或付費(fèi)的社區(qū)服務(wù)時(shí),現(xiàn)在比一個(gè)人剛開始工作時(shí)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)?！?/p>

5.本題考查形容詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的，疏忽的”，B選項(xiàng)forma“植物型，變型”，C選項(xiàng)active“忙碌的，活躍的”，D選項(xiàng)usual“通常的，慣例的”,此空的后面有個(gè)lessefficient，并列成分，因此應(yīng)該是morecasual，來(lái)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)，句意：在某些方面，他們可能看起來(lái)更隨意，效率更低。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.本題考查名詞用法。根據(jù)judge可以得出，后面應(yīng)該是有一個(gè)評(píng)判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，才可以去根據(jù)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出判斷，A選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值，益處”，B選項(xiàng)norm“準(zhǔn)則，慣例”，C選項(xiàng)criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，D選項(xiàng)perspective“態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)”，因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.本題考查動(dòng)詞+ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。此句中them和they指代的都是志愿者組織的全職員工，jointhem后面所跟的部分為伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.本題考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)effect“影響，結(jié)果，效應(yīng)”，B選項(xiàng)sufficiency“足量，充足”，C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”，D選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，功效”，該空前面一句話說(shuō)的是人們不應(yīng)該加入他們——指望用專業(yè)知識(shí)武裝他們;之后有提到必須結(jié)合對(duì)事業(yè)的承諾，而不是什么，那么也就是前文所提到的用專業(yè)知識(shí)所獲取的商業(yè)的效率。因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.本題考查詞匯的固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)free“自由的，免費(fèi)的”，B選項(xiàng)freedom“自由”，C選項(xiàng)health“健康”，D選項(xiàng)salary“薪資”，由上下文可知，他們選擇做這項(xiàng)工作只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g，因此可以推斷他們不要求報(bào)酬，無(wú)償參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的工作，forfree表示“無(wú)償?shù)摹薄Ｒ虼?，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10.本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。consider要求后面動(dòng)詞用ing形式,作賓語(yǔ)。句意：那些只是想在退休之后尋找一些新鮮事情做的人并不應(yīng)該考慮做社區(qū)服務(wù)。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

20.單選題

Duringthe19thcenturyfurtheradvancesweremade,notablyBessemer’sprocessfor（）ironintosteel,whichmadethematerialmorecommerciallyviable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.altering

B.varying

C.converting

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altering“變更”；B選項(xiàng)varying“相異，（根據(jù)情況）變化”；C選項(xiàng)converting“使改變，皈依”；D選項(xiàng)transforming“轉(zhuǎn)化，發(fā)生巨變，發(fā)生巨大變化”。句意：在19世紀(jì)取得了進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)展，特別是將鐵_____為鋼的貝西麥工藝，使這種材料更具有商業(yè)可行性。這里表達(dá)的意思是“將鐵轉(zhuǎn)化為鋼”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Astherewasnoroad,thetravelers（）uparockyslopeontheirwayback.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ran

B.hurried

C.scrambled

D.crawled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與up搭配，分別是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的過(guò)去式。A選項(xiàng)ranup“匆匆制成；積欠；迅速積累；向上跑”；B選項(xiàng)hurriedup“（使）趕快”；C選項(xiàng)scrambledup“攀爬；巴結(jié)；攪混起來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)crawlup“爬上；爬到”。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“arockyslope”（巖石邊坡）可知，旅行者們需要攀爬邊坡，才能返回，所以攀爬的意思在此處符合題意。句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有路，旅行者們?cè)诜祷氐穆飞吓逝懒艘粋€(gè)巖石斜坡。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringuso