考研考博-英語-山東農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough（）forhisorganizingability.

問題1選項

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scope“范圍；余地；視野”；B選項space“空間；太空”；C選項capacity“能力；容量；資格”；D選項range“范圍；幅度；山脈”。句意：約翰稱他現(xiàn)在的工作沒有為自己的組織能力提供足夠的發(fā)展空間。根據(jù)句中“organizingability組織能力”可知“空間”符合語境，因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

問題1選項

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項glaring“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；B選項gazing“凝望，凝視”；C選項peeping“唧唧叫；窺探”；D選項gasping“喘氣；渴望”。句意：人們站在那里，___這幅美麗的畫。本句表達(dá)“凝視美麗的畫”。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Thecarenginemay（）aswegoupthehill.

問題1選項

A.extinguish

B.stall

C.cease

D.start

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。extinguish“熄滅，壓制，消滅”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，結(jié)束”；start“開始”。句意：當(dāng)我們上山時，汽車發(fā)動機(jī)可能會熄火。B項符合題意。

4.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericansinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheoppositewhenlistening.Theyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericanscommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters,non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericansinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildrenlackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians’intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or“disses,”thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase“Idemandsatisfaction,”whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.Mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.

AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s“CityWalk”attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst“physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring...”

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto（）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto（）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,“Idemandsatisfaction”（）.

問題1選項

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項

A.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

問題5選項

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“AfricanAmericans,fromtheSouth”定位到第二段第二句“ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.”這里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoideyecontactasasignofrespect.”選項C與原文描述一致。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，白人在說話時通常會把目光從聽眾身上移開，只是偶爾瞥一眼他們。他們在聽的時候卻恰恰相反，會一直看著說話者。所以選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“InmulticulturalAmerica...non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.”可知，在美國非韓裔的顧客對韓國店主感到很生氣是因為店主沒有直視他們，所以選項A正確。

4.這里是考查“mad-dogging”的定義。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容，在年輕一代和跨種族之間，直接的目光接觸現(xiàn)在有了新的含義。當(dāng)一個青少年直視另一個青少年時，這被認(rèn)為是一種挑釁，有時也被稱為“mad-dogging”。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文“Muchlikethearchaicphrase'Idemandsatisfaction,'whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.”“Idemandsatisfaction,”成為決斗的序曲。也就是說，會導(dǎo)致爭斗。選項B正確。

5.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問題1選項

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項detect“察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測”；B選項declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱”；C選項reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項正確。

6.單選題

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（強迫，脅迫）fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（條款，規(guī)定）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill（）.

3.Theword"it"（Line5,Para.5）refersto（）.

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

問題1選項

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

問題2選項

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

問題3選項

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

問題4選項

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

問題5選項

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文首段表明眾議院將出臺新立法，seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是為了維護(hù)工會的權(quán)利，激發(fā)工會的發(fā)展。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他說道would?open?up?employees?to?coercion?(強迫：脅迫）from?unions,與選項D對應(yīng)。

3.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中RichardShaw，it指代前句中的legislation。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干說下列哪項不是人們支持該法案的原因，文章首段couldreverse?decades?of?declining?membership?among?private?industries(立法有助于改善勞工與雇主之間的關(guān)系)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年，45%的新成立工會被雇主拒絕簽訂第一份合同)，因此答案為A。

7.單選題

Ican’tfindmygloves.Imusthave______themonthebuswhenIcamehomefromschool.

問題1選項

A.left

B.lost

C.forgotten

D.missed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.left離開，遺留B.lost失去

C.forgotten忘記D.missed錯過

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前面句子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知Imusthave______themonthebus表示的是“我把它們落在公交車上了”，left符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

C、D選項不符合句意；

B選項是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。

【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放學(xué)回家時把它們落在公共汽車上了。

8.單選題

（

）nolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinuedefinitelyonceitstarted.

問題1選項

A.Therewere

B.Werethere

C.Therewas

D.Ifthereis

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果沒有由于摩擦而使能量喪失，運動將無限期地繼續(xù)下去。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據(jù)句意推測此處屬于與現(xiàn)在事實相反的條件句,故用虛擬語氣:條件從句的謂語動詞為were或動詞過去式，主句部分為would/should/might/could+動詞原形，故B正確。

9.翻譯題

在某種物理障礙物的后面，人們會感到安全。如果一種社會場景在某種方式上具有威脅性，那么就有必要設(shè)立這樣的一種障礙。當(dāng)一個小孩面對陌生人時，它會躲在母親的身后，然后偷偷地觀察闖入者下一少做什么。如果母親不在身邊，椅子或者其他的家具之類的東西也可以，那么小孩面對陌生人的問題就會得到解決。如果陌生人堅持地向它靠近，那張窺探的面孔也會一起藏起來。如果這位不敏感的闖入者繼續(xù)靠近的話，雖然孩子已經(jīng)明顯表現(xiàn)出恐懼，那么小孩可能別無選擇地哭泣或逃跑。

這種模式隨著孩子的成熟，會逐漸地減少。但是在少女中，仍然可以發(fā)現(xiàn)他們咯咯笑的時候會用手或紙捂著面孔。在我們成年之后，童年時期的躲藏以及青少年時期的害羞在我們勇敢地見我們的客人、同伴、親戚、同事以及客戶的時候，就會全部地消失。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Behindsomekindofphysicalbarrier,peoplefeelsafe.Ifasocialscenarioisthreateninginsomeway,itisnecessarytoerectsuchabarrier.Whenachildfacesastranger,ithidesbehinditsmotherandsecretlywatcheswhattheintruderdoesnext.Ifthemotherisn'taround,achairorotherpieceoffurniturewilldo,andthechild'sproblemwithstrangerswillbesolved.Ifthestrangerpersistedinapproachingit,thepeepingfacewouldhidewithhim.Iftheinsensitiveintrudercontinuestoapproach,thechildmayhavenochoicebuttocryorrunaway,eventhoughfearisalreadyevident.

Thispatterndiminishesasthechildgrowsup.Butamongteenagegirls,theycanstillbefoundgigglingwiththeirhandsorpaperovertheirfaces.Afterwereachadulthood,thehidingofchildhoodandtheshynessofadolescencealldisappearwhenwebravelymeetourguests,companions,relatives,colleaguesandclients.

10.單選題

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

問題1選項

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，前后構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，選項中只有Moreover表示遞進(jìn)，所以選項C正確。

11.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(變得混亂)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.

4.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.

問題1選項

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

C.isutilizedbyman

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問題2選項

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問題3選項

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問題4選項

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.一支長矛或一個機(jī)器人只有在________的時候才具有科技的特質(zhì)。

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectA.被用作文化和物理對象

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywellB.滿足不同目的

C.isutilizedbymanC.被人類使用

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimalD.對人和動物都有用

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Aspearorarobot定位到第二段第一、二句，該處講到“一支長矛或一個機(jī)器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理對象，也是文化對象。在人類使用長矛狩獵或機(jī)器人制造機(jī)器部件之前（humansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts），它們都不過是一塊物體?！保芍驒C(jī)器人只有被人使用的時候才具有科技特性，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“被用作文化和物理對象”：由解題思路可知“一支長矛或一個機(jī)器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理對象，也是文化對象”，但是它們只有被人使用時才具有科技特性，屬于偷換概念；

B選項“滿足不同目的”：文中沒有提到其條件是滿足不同目的，屬于無中生有；

D選項“對人和動物都有用”：對應(yīng)第二段第四句“對于鳥（bird）來說，找一個棲息的物體，矛或機(jī)器人也能起到同樣的作用（thepurposeequallywell）?！保鼈兂藢θ祟愑杏?，對動物也是如此，但這不等同于有用就是具有科技特性，屬于偷換概念。

第2題:【選項釋義】

TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.作者引用的挑戰(zhàn)者號和切爾諾貝利的例子說明了________。

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldA.如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技可能會被用來毀滅我們的世界

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitB.科技是人類創(chuàng)造的，所以我們要對它負(fù)責(zé)

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymanC.如果不受人控制，科技通常會出錯

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorD.作為人類的創(chuàng)造物，科技很容易出錯

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞ChallengerandChernobyl定位到第二段第五句，該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號（Challenger）航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利（Chernobyl）核事故充分說明了科技的人性化”，結(jié)合該段第六句“既然科技是人類的創(chuàng)造物（humancreation），我們要對用它來做什么負(fù)責(zé)（responsible）?！保芍髡哂眠@兩個例子是為了說明人類創(chuàng)造了科技，就要對此負(fù)責(zé)，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技可能會被用來毀滅我們的世界”：對應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第四句“悲觀主義者擔(dān)心（Pessimistsworry），我們最終會用我們的技術(shù)把我們的世界和我們自己炸成碎片?！保约霸摱巫詈笠痪洹翱萍紝ξ覀兩畹挠绊懼档酶屑?xì)地研究（closerexamination）”，倒數(shù)第四句以悲觀者的擔(dān)心點出對科技負(fù)責(zé)的重要性，最后一句總結(jié)上文擔(dān)心科技造成危害以及帶來繁榮的不同觀點，而不是說如果不仔細(xì)研究，科技就會毀滅世界，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“如果不受人操控，科技通常會出錯”：文中沒有提到科技沒有人操控的時候經(jīng)常出錯，屬于無中生有；

D選項“作為人類的創(chuàng)造物，科技很容易出錯”：文中沒有提到科技很容易出錯，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.作者認(rèn)為，計算機(jī)的引入是一場革命，主要是因為________。

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindA.計算機(jī)徹底改變了人類的思維方式

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebeforeB.計算機(jī)可以做以前只能由人做的工作

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnologyC.它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsocietyD.它對社會有巨大的潛在影響

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞revolution定位到第三段第一句，該處講到“沒有什么技術(shù)發(fā)展比計算機(jī)革命（computerrevolution）對我們生活的影響更大（greaterimpactonourlives）。”；第三段倒數(shù)第二句“工業(yè)革命具有革命性的主要原因是它導(dǎo)致了巨大的社會變革（greatsocialchange）?！碧岬焦I(yè)革命被視為革命的原因是極大地改變了社會；結(jié)合第四段第一句和最后一句“與此類似（Insomewhatsimilarfashion），計算機(jī)有希望徹底改變（promisetorevolutionize）美國人的生活結(jié)構(gòu)……計算機(jī)解決問題和做決定的能力代表了它最大的潛力（greatestpotential）”，作者把計算機(jī)革命和工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行類比，表明計算機(jī)革命具有改變社會的巨大潛力，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“計算機(jī)徹底改變了人類的思維方式”：對應(yīng)第四段第一句“計算機(jī)解放了人類的思維（freethehumanmind），在知識和交流方面開辟了新的可能性。”，計算機(jī)解放了人的思維，但沒有到徹底改變的程度，屬于推理過度；

B選項“計算機(jī)可以做以前只能由人做的工作”：對應(yīng)第三段第二句“科學(xué)家和工程師設(shè)計了專門的機(jī)器（machines），這些機(jī)器可以完成曾經(jīng)只有人類可以完成的任務(wù)（tasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo）?！保@里指的是機(jī)器，而非計算機(jī)，屬于張冠李戴；

C選項“它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技”：對應(yīng)第三段第三句“向信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變（switchtoaninformation-basedeconomy）與其他重大歷史里程碑，尤其是工業(yè)革命，屬于同一陣營。”，這里轉(zhuǎn)向信息經(jīng)濟(jì)本身不是稱為革命的原因，其原因是隨之而來的巨大影響，主次顛倒，屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.作者用的短語“科技的人性化特質(zhì)”（第二段）指的是科技________。

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworldA.在自然界中不存在

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannatureB.具有人類本性的一些特征

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmindC.可以代替人類思想的某些方面

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlifeD.對人類生活有巨大影響

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞thehumanqualityoftechnology定位到第二段第五句，該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）”；該段第一句“我們最好提醒自己，科技是人類的創(chuàng)造；它不是自然存在的（notexistnaturally）?！?，這一句拋出論點，隨即用矛與機(jī)器、挑戰(zhàn)者號與切爾諾貝利的例子佐證，證明科技由人創(chuàng)造，其人性化特質(zhì)說明科技不是自然存在的，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“具有人性的一些特征”：對應(yīng)第二段第五句“挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）；在這些案例中，規(guī)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然失控（haywire），沒有現(xiàn)成的人手使其恢復(fù)運轉(zhuǎn)（noreadyhandtosetthemright）?！?，這里的人性化特質(zhì)指的是需要由人操控，而不是科技具有人類的本性，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“可以代替人類思想的某些方面”：對應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二句“計算機(jī)通過電子手段取代了人類思維的某些方面（replacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeings）”，這里是在說明計算機(jī)的作用，而不是解釋題干中的短語意思，屬于偷換概念；

D選項“對人類生活有巨大影響”：本選項和題干中短語的意思無關(guān)，屬于偷換概念。

12.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

問題3選項

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器有一點不可預(yù)測),因此D項與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整個過程將以一種微妙的方式完成，以避免給人一種過于熟悉的印象，這可能會引起不安)。表明這種電腦與人類建立關(guān)系的過程是'inasubtleway,故選D項(不顯眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有時會主動發(fā)展或改變話題，并擁有自己的個性),可以看出A跟D項有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但當(dāng)它逐漸了解用戶時，它會發(fā)展成一種更輕松、更貼心的風(fēng)格),可以看出C項有提到。而B選項(對早起的接觸很敏感)與"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故選B。

4.態(tài)度方向。形容這種電腦作者用到的詞匯有:comfortable、interesting等,不難看出作者對這種電腦的態(tài)度是"favorable"贊賞的。

5.主旨大意題。作者介紹了這種“仿真交際”電腦與人類如何建立關(guān)系，并圍繞這種電腦的各項特點來介紹它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C項作標(biāo)題最合適。

13.單選題

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

問題1選項

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。luster意為“光澤，光彩”；expression意為“表示，表達(dá)，表露”；distinction意為“區(qū)別，優(yōu)秀，榮譽”；passion意為“熱情，激情”；formality意為“禮節(jié)，形式”。

句意：這些獎項為作者的聲譽增添了光彩。

14.單選題

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

問題1選項

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；gracious“親切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”。句意：我經(jīng)常吃中餐，但是我無法想象真正的中式宴會會有多么好，多么奢侈。選項A符合題意。

15.翻譯題

1.Illnessbroughtherastrangerestlessnessandmadeherallthemoreeagertoclingtolifeandsqueezefromitthelastdropofhappiness.Itmadeherenvyhealth,butitalsomadehersentimentaloveraleafthatthewindhadblownintoherroom.

2.Cultureisthesystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofsocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.

3.NooneinauthorityinWashingtonorTokyowillsaypubliclythatcurrentturmoilislikelytobre