考研考博-英語-安徽公安職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽公安職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

問題1選項

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項rigorous“嚴格的，嚴厲的；嚴密的；嚴酷的”；B選項perfunctory“敷衍的；馬虎的；得過且過的”；C選項symbolic“象征的；符號的；使用符號的”；D選項discreet“謹慎的；小心的”。句意：為緩解雞的污染問題，專家們建議政府把檢查重點從走馬觀花式的肉眼檢查改為進行更為______的對細菌和化學污染進行隨機取樣檢查。根據(jù)shift“改變”可知，橫線處應(yīng)填一個與cursory“粗略的”意思相反的詞。且由檢查重點從肉眼檢查到改進為對細菌和化學污染隨機取樣檢查，可知檢查推向深入，較以前更加嚴格，A選項rigorous“嚴格的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothepublic.Notonlydoeshewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.Hehopesthepublicwilllistenandunderstand,hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearnfromhim.

Whatvisualartistslikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeoutbutdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiencesintoshapesandcolors,notwords.Theyseemtofeelthatacertainselectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountlessbillionspossible,isexceptionallyinterestingforthemandworthshowingtous.Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.

Mostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworldofnatureandfromhumanbodiesinmotionandrepose(靜止).Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsight.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.

Ifonepainterchoosestopaintaninjuredlegandanotheralakeinmoonlight,eachofthemisdirectingourattentiontoacertainaspectoftheworld.Eachpainteristellingussomething,showingussomething,emphasizingsomething,allofwhichmeansthat,consciouslyorunconsciously,heistryingtoteachus.

1.Withouttheartist’swork,thepublicmightnot（）.

2.Anartist’schoiceofshapesandcolorsindicatesthathebelievesthemtobe（）.

3.Contemporaryartistsoftenthinktheirchoiceofsubject（）.

4.Thewritersaysthatcontemporaryartcontains（）.

5.Comparedwithapainterofunpleasantsubjectsapainterwhodrawsalakeinmoonlightis（）.

問題1選項

A.noticeparticularshapesorcolors

B.seetheshapesandcolorsthatexpresshisexperience

C.feelhisdelightinshapesandcolors

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項

A.calm

B.worthlookingat

C.delightful

D.moving

問題3選項

A.carriesnomessagetothepublic

B.providesaninterestingangle

C.hasnopatternorform

D.teachesthepublicimportanttruths

問題4選項

A.nothingmeaningful

B.uninterestingaspectsoftheworld

C.subjectschosenpartlyfortheirmeaning

D.completelymeaninglesssubjects

問題5選項

A.conveyingmoremeaning

B.pointingtosomethingdifferent

C.moreskilled

D.communicatingless

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.如果沒有他們的作品，我們就不會注意到這些特殊的形狀和顏色，也不會體會到他們給藝術(shù)家?guī)淼目鞓贰！币约暗诙吻懊嬉蔡峒?，畫家把他們的?jīng)驗轉(zhuǎn)化成形狀和顏色，由此可知，選項A、B、C均正確。所以本題選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsight.他們的選擇表明世界的這些方面是值得一看的，它們包含著美麗的風景?！边x項B符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.當代藝術(shù)家可能會說，他們只是選擇了能提供一種有趣模式的主題，而沒有更多的內(nèi)容。”選項B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.然而，即使是他們也不會完全不參照他們主題的特點而做出選擇。”由此可推斷，作者認為當代藝術(shù)的主題選擇部分是為了它們的意義。選項C符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個自然段的內(nèi)容“如果一個畫家選擇畫一條受傷的腿，另一個選擇畫月光下的湖，每一個畫家都在把我們的注意力引向世界的某個方面。每個畫家都在告訴我們一些東西，向我們展示一些東西，強調(diào)一些東西，所有這一切都意味著，有意識或無意識地，他在試圖教我們一些東西?！币簿褪钦f，不同的畫家畫出不同的東西，他們所表達的意義也是不同的，所以選項B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

問題1選項

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項air“空氣，大氣”；B選項mood“情緒，氣氛”；C選項area“區(qū)域，地區(qū)”；D選項climate“氣候，風氣，思潮，風土”。air指自然界中的環(huán)境氛圍。mood側(cè)重人的情緒。area側(cè)重地理位置的區(qū)域，地區(qū)。句意為：當前的經(jīng)濟形勢，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知識。故正確答案選D。

4.單選題

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

問題1選項

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項agony“苦惱，極度痛苦”；B選項ache“疼痛”；C選項ailing“不適，困擾”；D選項ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司機因為撞倒了那個女孩而感到極度悲痛。選項A更符合語境。

5.單選題

Noneofstudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeing（）ofeverythingtheydo.

問題1選項

A.emotional

B.optimistic

C.interested

D.critical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項emotional“情感的”；B選項optimistic“樂觀的”；C選項interested“感興趣的”；D選項critical“批評的，苛刻的”，句意：班里沒有一個學生喜歡那位女老師，她慣于批評學生們所做的一切事。所以選D。

6.單選題

Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.

問題1選項

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項appoint“任命；指定”；B選項name“命名；指定”；C選項nominate“推薦；提名”；D選項elect“選舉；選擇”。句意：這個女孩以她祖母的名字……為朱莉婭。此處是說的起名，B選項name正確。

7.單選題

Pickadiseaseatrandom,andthechancesarethatfemalesandmaleswillhandlethepain_______withitdifferently.

問題1選項

A.connected

B.combined

C.associated

D.compared

【答案】A

【解析】connect連接,聯(lián)合;combine使聯(lián)合,使結(jié)合;associate聯(lián)想，使聯(lián)合；compare比較,匹敵。句意：隨機選擇一種疾病，很可能女性和男性會以不同的方式處理與之相關(guān)的疼痛。選項A符合句意。

8.問答題

FromitsorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthroughtheeighteenthand

A

B

nineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularintheUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In

C

D

1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationappearedinnewspapersandmagazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewtheirportraitsofimportantfiguresprimarilytoentertain.

【答案】試題答案：C;countries

【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。由“theeighteenthandnineteenth（十八世紀和十九世紀）可知此處對應(yīng)的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式”，country的復(fù)數(shù)形式為countries。

9.單選題

Mary（）thedocumentcarefullytomakesurethattherewerenoerrorsinit.

問題1選項

A.scrutinized

B.overlooked

C.skipped

D.disregarded

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。scrutinized詳細檢查；overlooked忽略、檢查；skipped跳讀；disregarded忽視。句意：瑪麗仔細檢查了文件以確保沒有錯誤。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

Themanagementshouldgive（

）totheworkers,safetyoperationovereveryotherconsideration.

問題1選項

A.precedence

B.coherence

C.affluence

D.coincidence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。precedence“優(yōu)先”；coherence“一致，連貫性”；affluence“富裕，豐富”；coincidence“巧合”。根據(jù)句意“工人的安全操作問題”應(yīng)該是管理層優(yōu)先考慮的問題，所以選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

問題1選項

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.learning

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intellectualproperty意為“知識產(chǎn)權(quán)”。

句意：人們越來越了解到保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的必要性。

12.單選題

Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,______killedhimtwoyearsago.

問題1選項

A.theeffectsofwhich

B.theeffectsofit

C.finally

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查強調(diào)句。句意：醫(yī)療記錄顯示兩年前是藥物而不是疾病害死了他。itwas...that是強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)是thedrug而不是thedisease，notthedisease是插入語，去掉itwas...that，句子仍然成立，thedrugkilledhimtwoyearsago。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thereisnopoint（

）thegame,unlessyoupracticeeveryday.

問題1選項

A.tolearntoplay

B.bylearningtoplay

C.inlearningtoplay

D.havinglearnedtoplay

【答案】C

【解析】句意:除非你天天練習，不然學玩游戲是沒有意義的。

考查固定搭配。Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事沒意義。

14.單選題

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,（）ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

問題1選項

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：從句與主句之間有逗號隔開，獨立存在，去掉了也不會影響整個句子的意思，所以這里用的是非限定定語從句。句意：海倫對她最小的孩子比別的孩子好，當然這使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代海倫對她最小的孩子比別的孩子好這個事情，所以本題的正確選項是B選項。

15.單選題

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

問題1選項

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

問題2選項

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

問題3選項

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

問題4選項

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

問題5選項

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（與說話嗓音有關(guān)的一些因素顯露出說話者的個性）。選項B“嗓音與個性的聯(lián)系”符合題意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener提到交談?wù)叩恼Z氣有意或者無意地表達出直觀的同情或反感，冷漠或感興趣，疲勞、緊張、熱情或激動等等。選項B“語氣可能帶著超越言語意思的信息”符合題意。

3.文章第一段Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture提到公開表演是一種高度專業(yè)的交流方式，需要通過聲音的技巧或手勢來取得所需要的效果，題目中artistic,political等都屬于這一類公開表演。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第二段Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits提到自我形象可以通過語氣來表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑釁、友好等等，這些都是個性的特點。選項B符合題意。

5.文章第二段byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry可知選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Emailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessages

that（）welltohumanneeds.

問題1選項

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。adheres堅持，黏附；conforms符合；satisfies滿足，使?jié)M意；reflects反射，考慮。句意：電子郵件是方便的、高度大眾化的用于傳遞信息的非正式媒介，它（）人們的需求。從語義上來說，B項和C項都可以,但是satisfy是及物動詞，排除。conformto意為“符合，遵照，順應(yīng)”，因此正確答案是B選項。

17.單選題

Thenumberof500isa(n)（）numberfor498or503.

問題1選項

A.odd

B.round

C.long

D.even

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項oddnumber“奇數(shù)”；B選項roundnumber“整數(shù)”；C選項longnumber“多位數(shù)”；D選項evennumber“偶數(shù)”。題干中需知道數(shù)字500與498和503的關(guān)系，句意：500是498或503的近似百位整數(shù)。因此B選項正確。

18.單選題

Thegreat（）betweentheteamsdidnotmakeforanentertaininggame.

問題1選項

A.disparity

B.discomfit

C.discretion

D.dislocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項disparity“明顯差異”；B選項discomfit“使難堪”；C選項discretion“自行決定權(quán)；審慎”；D選項dislocation“（制度、進程、生活方式）紊亂”。句意：兩隊之間的巨大（）并沒有使比賽變得有趣。Dislocation形容制度等，不能和team搭配，disparity可以和team搭配，也符合生活中因為兩個團隊的巨大差異讓比賽有看點的場景。因此A選項正確。

19.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大學的功能

2.大學是否實現(xiàn)了目標

3.如何改進

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

20.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士表示想去單身漢晚會，女士確認了時間為晚上八點，并且要自帶酒水。

21.單選題

Manyimportantmistakeshavebeenescaping（）,andalotofmoneyhasbeenlostasaresult.

問題1選項

A.detection

B.commission

C.compensation

D.precaution

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。detection察覺，發(fā)覺；commission委任，傭金；compensation補償，報酬；precaution預(yù)防，警惕。錯誤應(yīng)該是被發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項A符合句意。句意：許多重要的錯誤都沒有被發(fā)覺，因此損失了很多錢。

22.單選題

Nowthecheersandapplause（

）inasinglesustainedroar.

問題1選項

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項mingle“混合；交往”；B選項tangle“使……纏結(jié)在一起；打架”；C選項baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”；D選項huddle“擠在一起；蜷縮；靠攏”。句意：現(xiàn)在歡呼聲和掌聲……在一個持續(xù)的呼喊中。綜合句意與選項可知，此處表示“歡呼聲與掌聲混合”，A選項符合題意。

23.單選題

Aseducationallevelsriseandinformationtechnologyaccelerates,thedistinctionbetween"managers"and"workers"will（

）andmanagementknowledgewillbeeveryone'sresponsibility.

問題1選項

A.fadeaway

B.passaway

C.slipaway

D.washaway

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。fadeaway意為“消失，衰弱”；passaway意為“（時間等）消磨掉”；slipaway意為“悄沒聲息地溜走”；washaway意為“沖走，清洗”。

句意：隨著教育水平的提高和信息技術(shù)的加速，“管理者”與“員工”之間的區(qū)別將逐漸消失，管理知識將是每個人的責任。

24.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一項研究中，研究人員對大學生進行了為期四天的偷聽，然后將每一次聽到的談話分類為“閑聊”或“實質(zhì)性談話”。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二種類型的學生與快樂有關(guān)——最快樂的學生進行實質(zhì)性談話的次數(shù)大約是最不快樂的學生的兩倍。

2.但現(xiàn)在還不要對閑聊一筆勾銷?？茖W家認為閑聊可以增進感情；和所愛的人保持親密，不能僅僅是和陌生人尷尬的交流。

3.在一系列的實驗中，心理學家就是否與火車上的其他乘客交談給芝加哥的通勤者不同的建議。那些被告知與他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受獨處”或做他們通常會做的事情的人更愉快。沒有人說自己被拒絕了。

4.閑聊也能讓我們感覺和周圍的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。與那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些對咖啡師微笑、與他們進行眼神交流、與他們簡短交談的人有更強的歸屬感。

5.但是那些被認為“好奇”的人不需要別人的幫助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜歡的節(jié)日，變成親密的交流。作者總結(jié)說，一種“好奇的心態(tài)”可以導(dǎo)致“積極的社會互動”。去吧，pry。閑聊不必是無聊的。噪音也不全是壞事。

25.單選題

Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehe（）ameeting.

問題1選項

A.willbehaving

B.wouldhave

C.wouldbehaving

D.willhave

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。A選項willbehaving，will/shallbedoingsth為將來進行時結(jié)構(gòu)，表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作。例句：Wewillbehavingameetingtodecidewhattodo.（我們將開會決定該做什么。）B選項wouldhave，woulddosth為一般過去將來時結(jié)構(gòu)，表示在過去的某個時候看來將要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。例句：Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithusifitrained.（她告訴我們，如果下雨的話，她就不和我們一起去了。）C選項wouldbehaving，should/wouldbedoing為過去將來進行時結(jié)構(gòu)，表示就過去某一時間而言，將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。例句：Theysaidtheywouldbecoming.（他們說他們會來的。）D選項willhave，will/shalldosth為一般將來時結(jié)構(gòu)，表示將來某一時段的動作或狀態(tài)。例句：Hewillgetmarried.（他就快結(jié)婚了。）在本題中，said為過去時，也就是他過去表示他不能去的原因是他過去將要開會，所以本題應(yīng)該選擇過去將來時。句意：他說他不能來的原因是要開會。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

26.單選題

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

問題1選項

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項ifonly“如果”；B選項until“直到……才”；C選項incase“萬一”；D選項unless“除非”。根據(jù)從句意思“只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意為：我相信只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的。故正確答案選A。

27.單選題

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

問題1選項

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項concentrate“集中；濃縮”；B選項atrophy“萎縮；虛脫”；C選項condense“使?jié)饪s；使壓縮”；D選項astrogate“操縱；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎縮或失去彈性，但是它們不能變成脂肪。并列連詞or連接空格處和“失去彈性”，因此此題選B。

28.單選題

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe（）

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

問題1選項

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

問題2選項

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

問題3選項

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

問題4選項

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

問題5選項

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨思想題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作為生物體要保持熱量的平衡，之后的段落主要說明植物是如何保持熱量平衡的。所以本文主要圍繞植物吸收與散發(fā)熱量的平衡來展開說明。選項D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，只要北極植物靠近地面，就能平衡熱量收支，如果北極植物過高，則會受到北極風的影響，從而無法從太陽吸收足夠的熱量。所以，北極植物長得矮主要是受北極的風影響，選項C正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水，所以不脫水就不能通過蒸發(fā)來冷卻自己。選項D符合原文。

第4題:細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有選項C沒有提及。

第5題:信息判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知選項A指的是沙漠植物而不是北極植物；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知選項B正確；選項C描述的是北極植物；根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知，不同地區(qū)的植物與季節(jié)相關(guān)，所以選項D也錯誤。

29.單選題

Leo.Tolstoywas（）asthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.

問題1選項

A.saluted

B.estimated

C.scaled

D.measured

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項salute“敬禮，致敬”；B選項estimate“估計，判斷”；C選項scale“測量，攀登”；D選項measure“測量，估量”。句意“列夫?托爾斯泰被譽為20世紀最偉大的作家?！边x項A符合語境。

30.單選題

Itiswellknownthatthepopularsingerhasa/an()carinadditiontoalargehouse.

問題1選項

A.credible

B.incredible

C.believable

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】credible可靠的，可信的；incredible難以置信的，驚人的；believable可信的；inherent固有的，遺傳的，與生俱來的。句意：眾所周知，這位流行歌手除了有一所大房子外，還有一輛好車。選項B符合句意。

31.單選題

Diseaseisafluidconceptinfluencedbysocietalandculturalattitudesthatchangediachronicallyinresponsetonewscientificandmedicaldiscoveries.Historically,doctorsdefinedadiseaseaccordingtoaclusterofsymptoms,andastheirclinicaldescriptionsbecamemoresophisticatedtheystartedtoclassifydiseasesintoseparategroups,sothatfromthismedicaltaxonomycamenewinsightsintodiseaseetiology.Beforethe20thcentury,schizophreniaandsyphiliticinsanityweretreatedasthesamedisease,butbyearly1900itbecameevidentthatpsychoseswithoutassociateddementiarepresentedaseparatediseaseforwhichthetermschizophreniawasthencoined.Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyrem