考研考博-英語-合肥師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

（

）

foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。虛擬語氣的從句可以省略if，采用倒裝形式，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.

TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.

DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.

Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.

Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.

Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.

21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.

23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.

24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?

25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.positioned

B.inspired

C.appointed

D.expected

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle

B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted

C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere

D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader

B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica

C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance

D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.

B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.

C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.

D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.

B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.

C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.

D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.語義推測題。Prime的意思是“使準(zhǔn)備好，使進(jìn)入狀態(tài)”，根據(jù)第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.（倫敦在中世紀(jì)時(shí)期大幅增長，到了16世紀(jì)，預(yù)計(jì)將成為增長速度史無前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。），因?yàn)閭惗卦谥惺兰o(jì)時(shí)期大幅增長，所以有了后面成為增長速度史無前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的結(jié)果，這里有一個(gè)推斷關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)期”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“放置”，B選項(xiàng)“鼓舞”和C選項(xiàng)“委任”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.（但五世紀(jì)羅馬帝國的衰落導(dǎo)致羅馬人放棄了不列顛，所以有一段時(shí)間，倫敦實(shí)際上是空的。），羅馬帝國的衰落讓羅馬人離開倫敦，所以B選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)羅馬帝國滅亡了，所以那里的羅馬人離開了”正確，A選項(xiàng)“盎格魯?撒克遜人入侵并打敗了羅馬人”，C選項(xiàng)“住在那里幾乎沒有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”和D選項(xiàng)“羅馬人不需要在羅馬北部這樣偏遠(yuǎn)的地方建海港”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.（中世紀(jì)中后期，倫敦作為一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心擴(kuò)張，由于造船和海上貿(mào)易的增加，歐洲世界變得更加聯(lián)系緊密。），可知英國在中世紀(jì)變成經(jīng)濟(jì)中心是因?yàn)樵齑秃Ｉ腺Q(mào)易，所以D選項(xiàng)“倫敦在中世紀(jì)開始變得更加突出的原因”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在中世紀(jì)，倫敦在這兩個(gè)方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)是歐洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，而且文章的意思是英國經(jīng)濟(jì)在總體上在歐洲領(lǐng)先，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“英國開始在美洲獲得殖民地的原因”和C選項(xiàng)“英國在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期變得富有的主要因素”這里沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“注重于向別人銷售商品而不是購買商品”：根據(jù)第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.（其主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差和積累黃金和白銀。），可知是注重出口，也就是注重銷售，所以正確。B選項(xiàng)“這是起源于英國的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)”：mercantilismisthereigningeconomic（重商主義是英國占統(tǒng)治地位的經(jīng)濟(jì)哲學(xué)），這里并沒有表示這起源于英國，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“讓倫敦以犧牲其他英國城市為代價(jià)而致富”：根據(jù)第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.（政府因此頒布了對進(jìn)口商品征稅的法律，保護(hù)英國的貿(mào)易。），可知英國同時(shí)保護(hù)本土與殖民地的貿(mào)易，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“讓英國殖民地不如本國島富裕”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange（該公司……出售股票，讓投資者分得它正在積累的部分財(cái)富。這幫助建立了倫敦證券交易所），可知東印度公司出售股票的舉動推動建立倫敦證券交易所，所以A選項(xiàng)“在倫敦證券交易所的建立中發(fā)揮了重要作用”正確。B選項(xiàng)“非常有效地將印度置于英國的控制之下”，C選項(xiàng)“其股票比任何其他英國公司的股票更有價(jià)值”和D選項(xiàng)“英國政府的幾個(gè)成員是它的股東”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)atodds“爭執(zhí)，不一致”，B項(xiàng)introuble“在監(jiān)禁中，處于不幸中”，C項(xiàng)invain“徒勞，無效”，D項(xiàng)atstake“處于危險(xiǎn)之中，在緊要關(guān)頭”。根據(jù)空格后面部分的句子意思“隨著氣溫的升高，我們將會有更多的極端天氣”可推斷，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合。句意：隨著氣溫的上升，世界氣候的未來岌岌可危，我們將會有更多的極端天氣。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perfect“使完美”；hinder“隱藏，藏起來”；B選項(xiàng)exhaust“排出，耗盡”；interest“引起的興趣”；C選項(xiàng)prolong“延長，拖延”；necessitate“使成為必需”；D選項(xiàng)vote“投票”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)句意‘然而由于一些植被類型或者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究已經(jīng)很完善了，它們不再需要專家。’A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifnoacquisitionwascognizedasrightfuleveninaprovisionalway（）enteringthecivilcondition,thecivilconditionitselfwouldbeimpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anteriorbefore

B.posteriorto

C.priorbefore

D.priorto

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posteriorto“晚于”；priorto“居先”；prior“優(yōu)先的”。句意：如果獲取行為被認(rèn)為是合理的，甚至是以暫時(shí)的方式提前申請民用條件，那么民用條件本身變得不可能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.facing

C.advancing

D.oncoming

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)meeting“會面，會合”；B選項(xiàng)facing“面朝的，對面的”；C選項(xiàng)advancing“前進(jìn)的，年長的”；D選項(xiàng)oncoming“接近的，迎面而來的”。句意：為了不使迎面而來的車輛眼花繚亂，你應(yīng)該把燈調(diào)暗。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

7.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolphMensalfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient.“Atanyparticularstageinitslife,abeehasaspecificjobtodo.Iftheyare

unabletodothatjob,theyconservetheirenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.“Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.Theroux,whokeeps85hiveseachcontaining300,000beesinHawaii,addedthatProf.Mendel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.MensahItperformstoomanyusefulfunctionsinourculture.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolphMendel’slatestresearch（

）.

2.AccordingtoProf.RandolphMensal,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthematureofbees

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Beesarehardworking.

B.Beesarequicklearners.

C.Beeshaveintelligence.

D.Beeshavegoodmemory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccuratethecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception（人們普遍認(rèn)為蜜蜂是終極的辛勤工作者，這種形象是不準(zhǔn)確的……人們對蜜蜂勤勞的天性的普遍看法是基于一種誤解）可知Prof.RandolphMendel的最新研究挑戰(zhàn)了我們對蜜蜂本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly（他補(bǔ)充說，蜜蜂用高智力來彌補(bǔ)他們明顯的懶惰：先進(jìn)的記憶技能和快速學(xué)習(xí)的能力）可知Prof.RandolphMensal認(rèn)為蜜蜂并不是勤勞的，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的beeswerenotlazybutefficient...Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（蜜蜂不是懶惰，而是有效率的……他們非常聰明，也許人類應(yīng)該效仿他們，而不是像無頭蒼蠅一樣到處亂跑）可知D選項(xiàng)“如何提高工作效率”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.（事實(shí)上，對蜜蜂的崇拜似乎正在經(jīng)歷復(fù)興）以及此句話后便列舉了蜜蜂做廣告的例子，可推測勤勞的蜜蜂這種思想是受歡迎的，因此選A。

8.單選題

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.present禮物；禮品B.token象征；標(biāo)志

C.mark污點(diǎn)；污漬D.sign跡象；征兆

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交換了戒指）可推知，交換戒指是愛情的象征，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在婚禮上，新郎和新娘交換了戒指作為他們愛情的象征。

9.單選題

（）anincreaseinanti-SemiticrhetoricandreligiousdiscriminationinLatinAmerica,thePanAmericanDevelopmentFoundationandtheU.S.DepartmentofStatelauncheda“BelieveinTolerance”projectinspring2014.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accordingto

B.Contraryto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。accordingto“根據(jù)”；contraryto“與……相反”；inresponseto“應(yīng)對”；inadditionto“除外”。句意：為了應(yīng)對拉丁美洲反猶太教和宗教歧視的情況，泛美發(fā)展基金會和美國國務(wù)院在2014年春季發(fā)起了一個(gè)“相信寬容”的項(xiàng)目。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

By1914,tenoftheWesternstateshadgrantedwomentherighttovote,but（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintheEast

B.onlyoneeasternstate

C.intheEastonlyonestatedid

D.onlyoneintheEasthad

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。前后句子的謂語相同，故后半句的謂語部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十個(gè)州已經(jīng)賦予婦女投票權(quán)，但是東部只有一個(gè)州的婦女有投票權(quán)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

這一點(diǎn)，加上這里的多元化社會、不拘禮儀的生活方式和宜人的氣候，使得國外英才近悅遠(yuǎn)來。

一般來說，人可以分為三類：累死的人，愁死的人和煩死的人。

愛情是人類不變的追求，改變的只是人們對愛情的闡釋。

人類歷史發(fā)展長河中，人們主要關(guān)心的是能源有利的一面。

僅僅知道什么是對，什么是錯(cuò)是不夠的，還必須能把這一知識運(yùn)用到具體情況中。

【答案】This,alongwiththepluralisticsociety,aninformallifestyleandpleasantclimate,attractsforeigntalentstoitsshores.

Generallyspeaking,humanbeingscouldbedividedintothreetypes:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andwhoareannoyedtodeath.

Loveishuman’sconstantpursuit.Thethingthatchangedistheinterpretationofit.

Duringthehistoryofhumandevelopment,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitsideofenergy.

Itisnotenoughtotellrightfromwrong.Itisnecessarytoapplythisknowledgetothespecificsituations.

12.單選題

Theterm"remotesensing"referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretationofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheearth'sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum:therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth'ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessingwithdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfrom,themultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositionalstructuralandchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicrevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniques,itispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallareas,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathadintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsespeciallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remotesensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveys,laboratorytests,andthetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbemeasuredbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisiblelightphotograph?

2.Landsimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthattheformer（

）.

3.Thepassageprovidesinformationaboutallofthefollowingtopicsexcept（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormentionabout“theconventionalmethods”？

5.Accordingtotheauthor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans

B.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.Thedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheearth'ssurface.

D.Atmosphericconditionsoverlargelandmasses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theprinciplemethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960s

B.somephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.problemsthataredifficulttosolvesolelythroughconventionalmethodsofgeologicmapping

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience

B.geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960s

C.geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected

D.adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家開始利用那些超出可見光攝影術(shù)感知范圍的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像。這些圖像的建造是通過用機(jī)械手段對一些現(xiàn)象的圖像進(jìn)行整理，如可見光譜外光波的反射，無線電波的折射以及地球表面一些地區(qū)日常溫度的變化。確定B選項(xiàng)’地球表面許多地區(qū)溫度的日間變化‘正確。

2.根據(jù)第四段Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.由于詳盡的地質(zhì)繪圖一般在小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，所以那些具有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)和多變量的區(qū)域特征的連續(xù)性就經(jīng)常不能被認(rèn)可，但是Landsat衛(wèi)星的全方位的觀察角度，能將這一連續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出來。確定B選項(xiàng)’指明特征的連續(xù)性并不能解釋為連續(xù)性‘正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段：Priortothemid-1960'stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.在20世會己中葉之前，對膠片的解釋是對地球地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行遙感的主要方法。所以A選項(xiàng)‘地質(zhì)遙感的主要方法在20世紀(jì)60年代之前就出現(xiàn)‘符合原文。再根據(jù)第一段Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家#始構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像，利用那些超出可見光影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)。確定B選項(xiàng)’出現(xiàn)了在遙感中利用數(shù)字化多譜線圖像進(jìn)行測量的現(xiàn)象’符合原文。根據(jù)第三段：Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.：區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。確定C選項(xiàng)‘一些地區(qū)地質(zhì)圖有實(shí)用性’符合原文。所以排除法D選項(xiàng)‘通過傳統(tǒng)的地質(zhì)繪圖方法很難解決問題’文中未提及，符合題意。

4.根據(jù)第三段：Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.遙感更基本的應(yīng)用是增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)的大范圍的地質(zhì)繪圖的方法。Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。再根據(jù)第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements…地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測量數(shù)據(jù)。推斷出A選項(xiàng)‘它們主要包括實(shí)地考察、實(shí)驗(yàn)室測量’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘在重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程中，他們沒有能提供必要的信息’與原文不符。C選項(xiàng)‘自1972年之后，他們很少被地質(zhì)學(xué)家用到?！?972年是這一技術(shù)發(fā)展的里程碑之年，與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)’它們主要被用來收集有關(guān)地質(zhì)特征的構(gòu)成信息‘與原文不符。

5.根據(jù)第二段Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，吸引了整個(gè)地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項(xiàng)’1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑‘正確。

13.單選題

Somecriminalswereprinting（）dollarbillsuntiltheywerearrested.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decent

B.fake

C.patent

D.suspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些罪犯直到被逮捕吋還正在印刷偽造的美鈔。

考查形容詞辨析。decent像樣的，相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的，正派的，得體的，相當(dāng)好的；fake假的，偽造的，冒充的；patent專利的，顯然的；suspicious可疑的，懷疑的，多疑的。故B符合句意。

14.填空題

Theimpactoftheiractivitiesisincreasedimportanceatatimewhenmostgovernmentsmanagetheeconomywithoneeyeontheunemploymentstatistics.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Aincreasedimportance改為ofincreasedimportance

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】A部分前面是be動詞，A部分所在內(nèi)容為表語，這里表達(dá)的意思是活動的影響很重要，固定搭配為beofimportance，所以這里應(yīng)為ofincreasedimportance。

【句意】在大多數(shù)政府管理經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)都只關(guān)注失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，這些企業(yè)活動的影響變得越來越重要。

15.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普羅慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendi