考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國(guó)，并從投資活動(dòng)中獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信，中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國(guó)投資活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來(lái)越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來(lái)越大。在中國(guó)的投資活動(dòng)一定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

2.單選題

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”；transition“過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；transmission“傳送，播送”；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：他親自參與重要的商務(wù)會(huì)議。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Thoughbadlydamagedbyfire,theplacewaseventually（

）toitsoriginalsplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repaired“修理”；B選項(xiàng)renewed“恢復(fù)，重新開始”；C選項(xiàng)restored“修復(fù)”；D選項(xiàng)renovated“更新，革新”。句意：盡管被火損害的很嚴(yán)重，這個(gè)地方最終（）原來(lái)的壯麗。根據(jù)句意，這里的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)是修飾itsoriginalsplendor“昔日光彩”不是theplace，所以A、D選項(xiàng)不能選；B選項(xiàng)只有及物動(dòng)詞的含義后面不需要通過(guò)介詞帶出賓語(yǔ)，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Heistooyoungtobeableto______betweenrightandwrong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discard

B.discern

C.disperse

D.disregard

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)discard“拋棄，放棄”，B項(xiàng)discern“覺察出，識(shí)別”，C項(xiàng)disperse“分散，傳播”，D項(xiàng)disregard“忽視，無(wú)視”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞betweenrightandwrong（對(duì)與錯(cuò)之間）可推測(cè)，空格處表示“分辨，判斷，覺察”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：他太年輕了，還不能明辨是非。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Childrenalwaysare（）aboutthingstheydonotknow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curious

B.queer

C.strange

D.quaint

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Curious“好奇的”；queer“奇怪的”；strange“奇怪的”；quaint“離奇有趣的”。句意：孩子們往往對(duì)他們所不知道的事情感到好奇。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemi-animal,semi-humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthatonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thisperceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishestoshowcolorableexcusefortheunfulfilmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andalsohowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanpromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvesbetodeceived.

26.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat______.

27.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates______.

28.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare______.

29.Thefox,inthepassage,is______.

30.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetruthmakesmenfree

B.peoplecanprotectthemselves

C.princesarehuman

D.leadershavetobeconsistent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anyoneinpower

B.electedofficials

C.aristocrats

D.sonsofkings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tootrusting

B.reliantonforce

C.strongandpowerful

D.lackinginintelligence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhiswiles

D.consideredworthless

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.followthetruth

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat______.26.作者不相信_(tái)_____。

A.thetruthmakesmenfreeA.真理使人自由

B.peoplecanprotectthemselvesB.人們可以保護(hù)自己

C.princesarehumanC.王子是人類

D.leadershavetobeconsistentD.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文主要論述了人類斗爭(zhēng)方式和野獸斗爭(zhēng)方式的相同和異同之處。作者認(rèn)為bylaw（法律）是人類所用的斗爭(zhēng)方式，byforce（武力）是動(dòng)物采用的斗爭(zhēng)方式，而從第二段對(duì)王子的描述可以看出，王子們只會(huì)themethodoffightingbyforce（用武力對(duì)抗的方法）；綜合理解，可推斷作者認(rèn)為王子不屬于人這一類。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“真理使人自由”和B選項(xiàng)“人們可以保護(hù)自己”沒提及，無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須始終如一”與原文相反，作者認(rèn)為作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，應(yīng)該要很好的偽裝自己，該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates______.27.“王子”在文中指的是______。

A.anyoneinpowerA.有權(quán)利的人

B.electedofficialsB.民選官員

C.aristocratsC.貴族

D.sonsofkingsD.國(guó)王的兒子

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，由第一段的第二和第三句“因此，一個(gè)王子有必要知道如何使用獸和人。這是古代作家秘密教導(dǎo)統(tǒng)治者的（taughttotherulers）……”可知，文章中的“王子”是指領(lǐng)導(dǎo)別人的人，結(jié)合第二段，該段講述了王子應(yīng)該模仿狐貍和獅子，像野獸一樣行事，第三句提到“所以一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎的統(tǒng)治者（aprudentruler）不應(yīng)當(dāng)守信，因?yàn)槭匦庞袚p于他的利益，使他約束自己的理由也不存在了”，綜上所述推斷，“princes”指的是有權(quán)利的統(tǒng)治者。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“民選官員”、C選項(xiàng)“貴族”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)王的兒子”，文章中用的是比喻的手法，將prince比作ruler，并不是表示國(guó)王的兒子，所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare______.28.獅子代表的是______的人。

A.tootrustingA.太相信別人

B.reliantonforceB.依賴武力

C.strongandpowerfulC.強(qiáng)有力的

D.lackinginintelligenceD.缺乏智慧

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“……獅子無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受陷阱的傷害，狐貍也無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受狼的傷害”，這是獅子和狐貍的鮮明對(duì)比，獅子不能躲過(guò)陷阱，而狐貍逃脫不了被狼襲擊的命運(yùn)，故我們能看出獅子是靠自己的力量。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“太相信別人”、C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)有力的”和D選項(xiàng)“缺乏智慧”與原文不符，曲解原文。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Thefox,inthepassage,is______.29.根據(jù)文章，狐貍______。

A.admiredforhistrickeryA.因詭計(jì)多端而受到稱贊

B.nomatchforthelionB.不是獅子的對(duì)手

C.pitiedforhiswilesC.因詭計(jì)多端而令人同情

D.consideredworthlessD.被認(rèn)為一文不值

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“……獅子無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受陷阱的傷害，狐貍也無(wú)法保護(hù)自己不受狼的傷害”，這是獅子和狐貍的鮮明對(duì)比，獅子不能躲過(guò)陷阱，而狐貍能躲過(guò)陷阱和圈套，故狐貍在這篇文章中因?yàn)橛杏?jì)謀而受到稱贊。因此，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“不是獅子的對(duì)手”在文中并沒有對(duì)它們進(jìn)行比較，而是作對(duì)比，曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“因詭計(jì)多端而令人同情”推斷錯(cuò)誤，與原文表述不符，曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為一文不值”沒提到，無(wú)中生有。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust______.30.作者建議一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須______。

A.beprudentandfaithfulA.謹(jǐn)慎和忠誠(chéng)

B.cheatandlieB.欺騙和撒謊

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactionsC.有原則來(lái)指導(dǎo)他的行動(dòng)

D.followthetruthD.遵循真理

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段后部分的內(nèi)容：一個(gè)王子想要為他未實(shí)現(xiàn)諾言找個(gè)冠冕堂皇的借口，他的正當(dāng)理由也從來(lái)沒有落空過(guò)。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，我們可以舉出無(wú)數(shù)的例子，也可以舉出多少次和平被破壞，人們的諾言如何因君主的不忠誠(chéng)（thefaithlessnessofprinces）而變得毫無(wú)價(jià)值，那些最能模仿狐貍的人也最成功。但是，必須能夠很好地偽裝這一性格，成為一個(gè)偉大的偽裝者和掩飾者，而人們是如此的單純和樂意服從，以至于欺騙人的人（theonewhodeceives）總是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些允許自己被欺騙的人。從這里我們可以知道，一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須要能夠偽裝自己，具備欺騙和說(shuō)謊兩種能力，故B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎和忠誠(chéng)”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“有原則來(lái)指導(dǎo)他的行動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“遵循真理”沒提及，無(wú)中生有。

7.單選題

Underthereignofthedictatorialpowers,alltheperiodicalstowhichthelibrary（）mustbescrutinizedbyacommitteeofcensorship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribes

B.contributes

C.subtracts

D.rakes

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。subscribeto“預(yù)訂，同意，訂閱”。句意：在獨(dú)裁政權(quán)統(tǒng)治下，圖書館訂閱的所有期刊都必須接受審查委員會(huì)的審查。根據(jù)句意可知A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Therehasbeensomeinsensiblepeoplewhoattempttoendtheirpains（

）throughsuicide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heartandsoul

B.onthewhole

C.byandlarge

D.onceforall

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。heartandsoul意為“全心全意，完全地”；onthewhole意為“大體上，基本上”；byandlarge意為“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，大體而言”；onceforall意為“一勞永逸地，徹底地，只此一次”。

句意：有一些麻木不仁的人試圖通過(guò)自殺一次性地結(jié)束他們的痛苦。

9.單選題

InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing“tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics.”TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast(inthiscase,GreekandRomanones).Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:“topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope.’’Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:[>Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology,Tantaluswasakingwhowaspunishedinthelowerworldwitheternalhungerandthirst;hewasputuptohischininwaterthatalwaysmovedawaywhenhetriedtodrinkitandwithfruitonbranchesabovehimplacedjustalittlebitoutofhisreach.Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning“toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire”?

Anotherexampleistheword“siren”,familiartousasthemechanicaldevicethatmakessuchanalarmingsoundwhenpolicecars,ambulances,orfireenginesapproach.ThiswordalsohasitsoriginsinGreekmythology.ThetravelerOdysseus(UlyssestotheRomans)madehismenplugtheirearssothattheywouldn’thearthedangerousvoicesofthesirens,creatureswhowerehalfbirdandhalfwomanandwholuredsailorstotheirdeathsonsharprocks.Sothewordcametobeassociatedbothwithaloudsoundandwithdanger!

Whensomeonespeaksofa“jovialmood”ora“herculeanefforts”,heorsheisusingwords

withoriginsinmythology.Lookthesewordsuptofindtheirmeaningandrelationshiptomyths.

Manycommonwords,suchasthenamesforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear,alsocomefrommythology.WednesdayderivesfromtheancientNorsekingofthegods,Woden,andThursdaywasoriginallyThor’sday,inhonorofThor,thegodofthunder.Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology,includingtheplanetthatisfarthestawayfromthesunandforthatreasonwascalledaftertheRomangodofthedead.Thisgodhasalsogivenhisnametooneofthechemicalelements.Severalotherelementshavenamesthatcomefrommythology,too.

ItseemsthatmythsandlegendsliveonintheEnglishlanguage.

1.ThepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph1is（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassage,allEnglishdictionariesinclude（

）.

3.Theexampleoftantalizeistoshow（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveoriginsinmythorlegends?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toleadreadersontothemaintheme

B.tolinktheprecedingparttothepresentone

C.toarousereaders’interestinhieroglyphics

D.todescribetheworkofsomeChinesescholars

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.legends

B.mythology

C.wordorigins

D.worddefinitions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.howthewordcameintoexistence.

B.howTantaluswaspunishedinthelowerworld.

C.howallEnglishdictionariesshowwordorigins.

D.howthemeaningofthewordchangedovertheyears.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Jovial.

B.March.

C.Earth.

D.Wednesday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.MythologyandCommonWords.

B.HistoricalChangesinWordMeanings.

C.MythologicalOriginsofEnglishWords.

D.GreekandRomanMythologyinLanguage.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】段落大意題。文章第一段開頭第一句是引出tantalize這個(gè)詞的描述，接下來(lái)的幾句話，是說(shuō)明這個(gè)詞的來(lái)源，它是眾多來(lái)源于過(guò)去的神話和傳說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)單詞之一。故推測(cè)文章第一段是通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明來(lái)引出主題。正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.許多（不是所有）的英語(yǔ)字典都會(huì)在詞的釋義前后，用括號(hào)給出簡(jiǎn)短的詞源解釋”，故這里可知所有的英語(yǔ)字典都會(huì)給出英語(yǔ)單詞的釋義，但不是都會(huì)給出英語(yǔ)單詞詞源解釋，或者有關(guān)的神話和傳說(shuō)。所以正確答案為D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段談到了tantalize這個(gè)單詞的例子，根據(jù)第六句“ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology...這意味著通過(guò)坦塔羅斯這個(gè)名字找到tantalize單詞的詞源，如果這樣做的話，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在希臘神話中……”。接下來(lái)就是對(duì)于對(duì)應(yīng)單詞詞源詳細(xì)解釋，結(jié)合最后一句話“Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning‘toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire’?現(xiàn)在你能猜出為什么他的名字變成了動(dòng)詞，表示（以喚起欲望來(lái)戲弄或者折磨某人）嗎”，由此推斷可知正確答案選A。選項(xiàng)B是具體的例子里面的描述。選項(xiàng)D和題干無(wú)關(guān)。選線C無(wú)法通過(guò)第一段中tantalize單詞的例子推斷出來(lái)。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段第三句“Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology…事實(shí)上，所有的行星，除了我們生活的地球外，都是以羅馬神話中神的名字命名的……”故這里選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通篇瀏覽全文，文章都在講英語(yǔ)單詞的詞源問題，文章中第一段通過(guò)tantalize這個(gè)單詞的例子引出：許多英語(yǔ)單詞來(lái)源于神話和傳說(shuō)。第二段到五段都是在舉例闡述英語(yǔ)里面的單詞來(lái)源于神話和傳說(shuō)的這一事實(shí)。故正確答案應(yīng)該選C。

10.單選題

Basketball,（

）1891byCanadianJamesNaismith,wasneverintendedtobeanythingmorethananinterestingstyleofhandsoccerforuniversitystudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenitwasinventedin

B.whichinvented

C.wasinventedin

D.whichitwasinventedin

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法（從句）題目。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格后一句是真正的主句，所以空格所在句是一個(gè)從句，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；從句是修飾Basketball，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B選項(xiàng)，which在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需在從句中充當(dāng)成分，所以排除D選項(xiàng);所以正確答案是A選項(xiàng)，是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。

11.單選題

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It'schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfood,expertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspiritMotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece.ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearthChickensgotanotherboostintheBookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.

ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken'srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

HerbookTheWholeWorldLovesChickenSouplooksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.Throughouttheages,shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweakwomenandtheill.”

Inaddition,“soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon,”areconsidered"comfortfoods"Sheratonsaid,“IlovesoupandIlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder,”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.

TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51%ofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50%saiditwasversatile,41%saiditwaseconomicaland46%saiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensouphasbeen（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.HistoryoftheChickenSoup

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.widelyacknowledged

B.over-estimated

C.appreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.knownonlytomothers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.apopularfood

B.amaindish

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識(shí)傳給了古希臘，中國(guó)和羅馬的作家，甚至12世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生摩西?邁蒙尼德都贊美它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！比亩荚谫濏炿u湯的治愈力。答案B。其他選項(xiàng)不能體現(xiàn)文章主旨。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第一段以及第二段“FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsiachickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit…MosesMaimonidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識(shí)傳給了古希臘，中國(guó)和羅馬的作家，甚至12世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生摩西?邁蒙尼德都贊美它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！笨芍u湯的價(jià)值流傳已久，廣為人知。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從文章第三段“Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.亞里士多德認(rèn)為家禽應(yīng)該比四條腿的動(dòng)物站得更高，因?yàn)榭諝獾拿芏缺鹊厍蛐　！边@只是亞里士多德的猜想，并非事實(shí)，故C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤。答案C

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從最后一段可知，調(diào)查表明雖然人們購(gòu)買雞肉的原因不同，但卻側(cè)面說(shuō)明雞肉是一種受歡迎的食物。C和D不符合常識(shí)，B項(xiàng)文中未提及。答案A

12.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundantly“豐富地，大量地”；B選項(xiàng)intensely“強(qiáng)烈地”；C選項(xiàng)densely“濃密地，密集地”；D選項(xiàng)intensively“集中地，廣泛地”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“than”可知，前后形成對(duì)比。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

TheindustrializationofEuropewhichstartedinthe18thcenturyproducedurbanslimswhichweresweptperiodicallybyepidemicsoftyphoidandtyphus.WhileisolatedgeographicallyfromthescourgesofEurope,Americawasoccasionallyhitwithepidemicsofitsown,especiallyinthegrowingeastcoastcities.Recognizingthatdiseasemaybecomingfromtheshipsthatdockedintheirports,citiesinstitutedquarantinesduringoutbreaks.Treatmentsforwidespreaddisease,however,didnotimprove.

In1847,thenewly-formedAmericanMedicalAssociationsponsoredaninvestigationoflargeU.ScitiesandfoundthatlivingconditionsformanyresidentshadbecomeasbadastheworstslumsofEurope.Itconcludedthatwithoutimprovementsinhygieneandlivingstandards,European-typeepidemicswouldsoonhitAmericancities.Italsoadvocatedcollectingvitalstatisticstotrackthecountry’sbirthanddeathrates.Soonafterthis,manybureausofvitalstatisticswereorganized.IncludinginOhio,wherebirthanddeathstatisticswerecollectedatthecountrylevelbeginningin1867.Localsanitarycommissionsformedincitiesandtowns,spurredonbyreformmovementswhichstressedhealthierlivingandcleanwater.TheMassachusettsSanitaryCommission,forexample,soughtbetterventingofcityhomestoremoveanynoxiousodorsandfumesthatmightcausedisease.Toprovideplentifulwater,32waterworkswerebuiltinthecountryby1825,andalmost600wereaddedby1880.Unfortunatelyitwasassumedthatfree-flowingwaterwaspure,sothefirstfiltrationplantwasnotbuiltuntil1871.Thefirstnationalconventiontoestablishuniformquarantinelaws,metinPhiladelphiainMay1857,andfourmoresuchconventionstodiscusspublichealthissueswereheldbeforetheCivilWardisruptedthemovement.

TheAmericanPublicHealthAssociationwasfoundedin1872bysomeofthosewhoattendedtheseearlierconventions.ThefollowingyearthenumberofboardsofhealthintheU.S.Increasedfrom4to123.Themostsignificanteventinthepublichealthmovement,however,wasthedevelopmentofthegermtheoryandtherealizationthatdiseasecouldbecontagious.

1.AmericawasprotectedfromtheperiodicepidemicsoftyphoidandtyphusinEuropebecauseof（

）.

2.Theword“hygiene”inline13isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.WhatfeardidtheAmericanMedicalAssociationhave?

4.WhichofthefollowingactionsdoestheauthorimplywasdoneinresponsetotheAmericanMedicalAssociationrecommendations?

5.Theword“noxious”inline22isclosestinmeaningto.

6.Thefirstfiltrationplantwasnotbuiltuntil1871because（

）.

7.Theword“contagious”inline36isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

8.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorimpliesthatpublichealth（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bettersanitation

B.lessurbanslums

C.delayedindustrialization

D.geographicalisolation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.salary

B.Sanitation

C.protection

D.behavior

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatlivingstandardswouldnotimprove

B.thatAmericanslumswouldbeasbadasthoseinEurope

C.thatAmericanslumscouldleadtoEuropean-typeepidemics

D.thatwithoutimprovements，AmericancitieswouldbecomelikeEuropeancities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.collectingvitalstatistics

B.quarantinefacilities

C.removingnoxiousodorsandfumes

D.geographicalisolationofdisease

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.harmful

B.unpleasant

C.lingering

D.obvious

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ofdisruptionbytheCivilWar

B.uniformquarantinelawscouldnotbeagreeduponatthefirstnationalconvention

C.ittookatotaloffivenationalconventionstoagreeonuniformquarantinelaws

D.free-flowingwaterwasthoughttobepure

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.serious

B.inherited

C.contained

D.catching

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.wasregardedasaEuropeproblem

B.wasslowertodevelopinAmericanthaninEurope

C.treatmentswerenotdevelopedwithanunderstandingofthethreats

D.actionswereusuallyuniformedandineffective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段WhileisolatedgeographicallyfromthescourgesofEurope,Americawasoccasionallyhitwithepidemicsofitsown,especiallyinthegrowingeastcoastcities.由于美國(guó)的地理位置遠(yuǎn)離歐洲，所以是偶爾受到影響，避免了周期性的傳染。所以D選項(xiàng)‘地理位置’符合題意。

2.詞義推測(cè)題。上文提到美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)居民的生活環(huán)境十分惡劣，急需提高……A“薪水”、C“保護(hù)”和D“行為”都與改善城市的居民生活環(huán)境沒有關(guān)系，排除。文章第二段末尾處提到衛(wèi)生委員會(huì)在各個(gè)城市及鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中開始成立，出現(xiàn)了Sanitaiy，所以B選項(xiàng)‘環(huán)境衛(wèi)生’符合題意。

3.語(yǔ)義理解題。第二段開頭提到美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)美國(guó)城市的生活環(huán)境和歐洲最差的貧民窟相差無(wú)幾。如果不提高衛(wèi)生和生活條件，歐洲的流行病會(huì)襲擊美國(guó)。因?yàn)槊绹?guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)擔(dān)心美國(guó)惡劣的生活環(huán)境會(huì)引發(fā)類似歐洲的流行病，所以C選項(xiàng)‘美國(guó)的貧民窟可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致歐洲式的流行病‘符合題意。A“生活條件沒有改善”、B“美國(guó)貧民窟生活條件會(huì)和歐洲的一樣差”以及D“如果生活條件不改善，美國(guó)城市就會(huì)和歐洲城市一樣”是美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)得出的結(jié)論，不是他們害怕的事情。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。第二段第三句的主語(yǔ)為“It”，指AmericanMedicalAssociation“advocated”v.主張，提倡，和題干中“recommendationn.提倡”意思基本一致。所以可以推斷答案為A。B“檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)”在疫情爆發(fā)期間由城市建立。C“消除有害氣體”是MassachusettsSanitary的任務(wù)。D“遠(yuǎn)離病源”是客觀存在事實(shí)。因此排除B、C、D。

5.詞義推測(cè)題。...anynoxiousodorsandfumesthatmightcausedisease”中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句解釋前面的“noxiousodorsandfumes”。只有A“Harmful”與“mightcausedisease”意思相同，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.語(yǔ)義理解題。因?yàn)锽、C選項(xiàng)文章中都沒有提及。文章第二段最后提到“不幸的是，純凈的自來(lái)水廠到1871年才建成?！保珼“自來(lái)水應(yīng)該是純凈的”不符合文意。第二段最后一句提到“公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域運(yùn)動(dòng)由于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)而中斷?！彼訟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.詞義推測(cè)題。全文都在談?wù)撁绹?guó)意識(shí)到病源是從歐洲傳染來(lái)的，為了降低疾病發(fā)生率，因此采取了一系列措施提高居民的生活環(huán)境，所以D選項(xiàng)“傳染的”符合題意。

8.根據(jù)文中第一段Treatmentsforwidespreaddisease,however,didnotimprove文中倒數(shù)第二段Unfortunatelyitwasassumedthatfree-flowingwaterwaspure,sothefirstfiltrationplantwasnotbuiltuntil1871.都表明作者認(rèn)為出現(xiàn)衛(wèi)生問題時(shí)，人們顯得無(wú)知以及所做的行為無(wú)效。所以D選項(xiàng)‘（衛(wèi)生問題）的行動(dòng)總是顯得無(wú)知和無(wú)效’正確。文中只說(shuō)European-typeepidemicswouldsoonhitAmericancities.并不能得到A選項(xiàng)‘公共衛(wèi)生問題被看作如同歐洲難題’的結(jié)論。ThefollowingyearthenumberofboardsofhealthintheU.S.Increasedfrom4to123.可以證明treatment是隨著對(duì)anunderstandingofthethreats的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，所以C選項(xiàng)‘臨床治療沒有隨著對(duì)疾病傳染的認(rèn)識(shí)而發(fā)展‘也是錯(cuò)誤的。B選項(xiàng)‘（衛(wèi)生問題）美國(guó)比歐洲發(fā)展的慢’文中沒有提到，排除。

14.單選題

Doyouhaveany（）aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideal

B.comprehension

C.notion

D.intelligence

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你對(duì)生活在其他星球上的生物的樣子有什么概念嗎？

考查名詞辨析。ideal理想，典范;comprehension理解，領(lǐng)悟能力;notion概念，想法；intelligence智力，情報(bào)，聰穎。因此C符合句意。

15.單選題

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，輕蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意識(shí)”；mind“精神，理智，決心”。句意：他的批評(píng)傷害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她現(xiàn)在非常傷心。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Allthemountainsarestunninglybeautiful,andthereare（）valleysandthesmellofpeatfromeverycottage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wooden

B.wooded

C.wooding

D.woods

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。有題干得知，空格后為名詞，因此應(yīng)填入形容詞。wooden“木制的；呆板的”；wooded“樹木繁茂額，森林多的”；wooding無(wú)形容詞用法；woods“木材”，也無(wú)形容詞用法。修飾valley“山谷”的詞應(yīng)為wooded，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Peterbecameangryandsaidthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hewastriedtolistentothem

B.thelisteningtothemwastiredforhim

C.hewastiringlisteningtothem

D.hewastiredoflisteningtothem

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。betiredofdoingsth.“厭煩做某事”。句意：皮特很生氣，說(shuō)他很討厭聽他們講話。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Moreoftenthannot,readersarejustunderthe（）plotsofsciencefictionsanddetectivestories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implicit

B.intricate

C.obedient

D.instinctual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B選項(xiàng)intricate“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的”；C選項(xiàng)obedient“順從的，服從的”；D選項(xiàng)instinctual“本能的”。句意：通常情況下，讀者只是置身在科幻小說(shuō)和偵探小說(shuō)（錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜）的情節(jié)之下。此處填入空格的形容詞是用來(lái)修飾plots（情節(jié)）。結(jié)合句意“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的”修飾情節(jié)意思正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)appliance“器具，器械”，B項(xiàng)accessory“配件，附件”，C項(xiàng)machine“機(jī)械，機(jī)器”，D項(xiàng)mechanism“機(jī)制，原理”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞作which定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容“使火車不可能相撞”可推斷，空格處填入mechanism“機(jī)制”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：應(yīng)該有一種安全機(jī)制使火車不可能相撞。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

各國(guó)文明的多樣性，是人類社會(huì)的基本特征，也是推動(dòng)世界文明進(jìn)步的重要?jiǎng)恿?。?dāng)今世界擁有60億人口，200多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，2500多個(gè)民族，5000多種語(yǔ)言。由于歷史傳統(tǒng)、宗教信仰、文化背景、社會(huì)制度、價(jià)值觀念和發(fā)展程度的不同，各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)才具有了各自鮮明的特征，整個(gè)人類文明也因此而交相輝映、多姿多彩、富有活力。這種文明的多樣性是在歷史長(zhǎng)河中形成的，并將長(zhǎng)期存在下去。我們應(yīng)該尊重和維護(hù)各國(guó)文明的多樣性，而不應(yīng)人為歧視或貶低他國(guó)文明；應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)各種文明在對(duì)話交流中相互借鑒、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，而不應(yīng)相互隔絕和相互排斥；應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)各種文明在相互包容、求同存異中共同發(fā)展，而不應(yīng)強(qiáng)求一律、強(qiáng)加于人。

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和新科技革命的發(fā)展，國(guó)家間的相互聯(lián)系和相互依存愈益加深，但這并不意味著可以忽視和削弱國(guó)家主權(quán)的地位與作用。必須實(shí)行國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。不尊重別國(guó)主權(quán)，以大欺小，以強(qiáng)凌弱，推行霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，實(shí)踐證明是行不通的。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Thediversityoftheworld’scivilizationsisabasichallmarkofhumansocietyandanimportantdrivingforcethatpropelshumanprogress.Ourworldtodayhasover6billioninhabitantslivinginmorethan200countriesandregions.Theybreakdownintoover2,500ethnicgroupsandspeakmorethan5,000differentlanguages.Becauseofthedifferenceinhistoricaltradition,faithandculture,orsocialsystem,valuesandlevelofdevelopment,thosecountriesorregionsareoftendifferentfromoneanother.Itisthesedifferencesthatmakeourplanetdazzling,colorfulandbustlingwithlife.Suchdiversityisalegacyofhistoryandwillstaywithusintothefuture.Insteadofharboringbiasagainstordeliberatelybelittlingothercivilizations,weshouldgivefullrespecttothediversityofcivilizationsallovertheworld.Insteadofshuttingeachotheroutinmutualexclusion,weshouldencouragedialoguesandexchangesbetweencivilizationssothattheycanlearnfromeachotherinmutualemulation.Insteadofdemandinguniformityandimposingone’swillonothers,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentofallcivilizationsinthecourseofmutualtoleranceandseekingagreementwhileshelvingdifferences.

Withtheglobalizationofeconomyandtheadvancementinnew,scientificandtechnologicalrevolution,theinterconnectionandinterdependencebetweencountriesaredevelopingindepth,butthisdoesn’tmeanallowingofignoringandweakeningthestatusandroleofanation’ssovereignty.Itisnecessarytohavegreaterdemocracyininternationalrelations.Practiceindicatesthat