北京市海淀區(qū)2020屆高三英語下學(xué)期二?？荚囋嚲?含解析)

【【2題詳解】北京海淀區(qū)2020屆高三二模英語模擬試題第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）ASpringiscoming.Everythingiswakingfromitswintersleep.Thefields1（dress）inafreshrobeofgreen.Thewildflowersbegintopeepforth（隱隱露出）.Birdssingamongthetrees,andbegintogettheirnestsready2summer.Menarenowsowingseedsinthefields.Thedaysare3（warm）,forbrightersunshinehascomeagain.Everythingisfulloflifeandjoy.【答案】1.aredressed2.for3.warmer【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了春天來到，萬物復(fù)蘇的景象。【1題詳解】考查時態(tài)，語態(tài)。田野上穿著一件新鮮的綠色長袍。 dress意為“給……穿衣服”。表示“穿著……”，應(yīng)用bedressed結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)前兩句可知，該空應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。且主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞fields,故填aredressed。

考查介詞。ready考查介詞。ready常和介詞for搭配，表示“為做好準(zhǔn)備”，故填介詞for【3題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)后面的brightersunshine可知，該句表達(dá)：因?yàn)楦髁恋年柟庥謥砹耍蕴旄土?。且該空作表語，故填形容詞的比較級 warmer。BAstronautsarepeoplewhogooutintospace.Beinganastronautisanexcitingjob.Whileinspace,astronautscanlookdownandsee 4(cloud),land,andwater.Theycanevenseethemoonupclose.Astronautsgetthechance5(see)morestarsthanyouorIhaveeverseen.Beinganastronautmaybeexciting, 6itisnotaneasyjob.Apersonwho7(want)tobeanastronauthastostudyforyears.Therearemanythingsanastronautmustlearntodobeforegoingintospace.【答案】4.clouds5.tosee6.but7.wants【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了宇航員在太空中見到的景象，宇航員工作的特點(diǎn)等相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】考查名詞。該空作see的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，且空中的云彩不止一朵，故應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填clouds?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。thechance后常接動詞不定式作定語，故填tosee?！?題詳解】考查連詞。前句句意：當(dāng)宇航員可能是令人興奮的。空后句意：當(dāng)宇航員不容易。前后兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填連詞buto【7題詳解】考查主謂一致。who4(want)tobeanastronaut是定語從句，修飾aperson,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填wants。CToday,ourclasswentto“TheFishery"，8isalocalfishstore,becausewearelearningaboutfish:wheretheyliveandhowtheyaredifferentfrompeople.Insidethestoreitwasverydark,exceptforthebrightlightsontopofeachtank.Thegirl9(work)inthestoretoldmethatthelightsareneon,andtheyareusedtoshowoffthebrightcoloursofeachfish.Underthelights,thefishwereblue,purple,yellow,andgreen.They10(look)sobeautifulthatIwantedtotakeallofthemhome.【答案】8.whichworking10.looked【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者和同學(xué)們?nèi)ヒ粋€名叫“ TheFishery ”的魚店的所見所聞?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。 1isalocalfishstore是非限制性定語從句，修飾TheFishery,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。" 2(work)inthestore”是定語，修飾thegirl,thegirl和work之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，故填working?！?0題詳解】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的“ Iwantedto…”和前文語境可知，該句敘述的是過去的情況，故用一般過去時態(tài)。故填looked。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。DoubleTroubleWhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroken.Idecidedtoaskmy11-year-oldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Iwenttoherroom,11herforthecash.Laughing,sheagreedto12methemoney,butadded, “Iwillchargeyou10percentcompoundinterestevery13untilyoupaymeback. ”“Compoundinterestwhat'sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestiswhatyoucallthe14moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,"sheexplained. “Compoundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthe15youtaketopaybacktheloan.Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth.Ifyouwaittwomonthstopaymeback,your16 willgrowfrom$10to$11.SoI'llbechargingyouintereston$11.ThenIwilladdthatinteresttothe$11youalreadyoweme,fora17of$12.10.That'swhatyou'lloweaftertwomonths. ”“Sure.Igetit, "Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting18 .Kathleenlentmethemoney,andIboughtthetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10. 19,thatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoyIwanted20 .Iputoffpayingmysisterforamonth.Afteranothermonth,I21abouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$02billinourstockings.Iwasjustputtingitintomypocket22Kathleentappedmeontheshoulder.“Sorrykiddo.That'smine.I23/onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan. "Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?I24borrowed$10.”“True,"shesaid, “butinteresthasbeencompounding foreightmonths.Nowyou25me$21.43. "Shepaused,thenadded. “Youcanpaymethe$1.43. ”I26 tobelievethata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy 27 ,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Myhead28asItriedtokeeptrackofKathleen 29 ,butthistime,Igotthebasicideaofcompoundinterest.I30thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe “doubletrouble“innotime.11.A.blamingpreparingB.beggingC.searchingD.12.A.payB.sendC.lendD.hand13.A.monthB.yearC.weekD.day14.A.littleB.sameC.enoughD.extra15.A.shorterB.longerC.moreD.less

16.A.cashB.savingC.noteD.debt17.A.totalB.costC.numberD.bill18.A.encouragedB.shockedC.confusedD.satisfied19.A.GraduallyB.ObviouslyC.UnfortunatelyD.Hopefully20.A.seriouslyB.anxiouslyC.secretlyD.desperately21.A.forgotB.knewC.talkedD.cared22.A.afterB.untilC.whileD.when23.A.carryingB.collectingC.relyingD.focusing24.A.normallyB.nearlyC.onlyD.really25.A.oweB.offerC.takeD.give26.A.decidedB.refusedC.pretendedD.managed27.A.reliefB.delightC.annoyanceD.regret28.A.turnedB.noddedC.stuckD.hurt29.A.calculationsB.excusesC.directionsD.discoveries30.A.exploredB.learnedC.explainedD.questioned11.B12.C13.A14.D15.B16.D17.A18.C19.C20.D21.A22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者八歲時一次借錢的經(jīng)歷。本來作者只借了姐姐 這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者八歲時一次借錢的經(jīng)歷。本來作者只借了姐姐 10美元，可是最終作者的債務(wù)累加到了21.43美元。經(jīng)過這次經(jīng)歷，作者明白了借錢可能會給自己帶來雙重麻煩這個道理。11題詳解】懇求；C.searching搜索，搜B選項(xiàng)正確。考查動詞詞義辨析。懇求；C.searching搜索，搜B選項(xiàng)正確。尋；D.preparing準(zhǔn)備。我需要錢，去懇求姐姐借錢。12題詳解】C.lend借給；D.hand遞。姐考查動詞詞義辨析。A.payC.lend借給；D.hand遞。姐姐同意借給我錢。C選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.month月；B.year年；C.week周；D.day日。由第三段”可中的“Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth”可知，姐姐答應(yīng)借給我錢，但是要作者每個月付10%的利息。A選項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.little不多的，小的；B.same同樣的；C.enough足夠D.extra額外的。利息是借錢人在歸還貸款時額外付的錢。D選項(xiàng)正確。題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.decided決定；B.refused拒絕；C.pretended假裝；D.managed設(shè)法做到。作者不相信10美元的借款會這么快就會加倍。B選項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.relief緩解；B.delight高興；C.annoyance惱怒；D.regret后悔，遺憾。令作者感到生氣的是，姐姐拿來鉛筆和便簽簿，向作者展示這個錢數(shù)是怎么來的。C選項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.turned轉(zhuǎn)動；B.nodded點(diǎn)頭；C.stuck粘貼，粘；D.hurt疼痛。當(dāng)作者努力地想弄清楚姐姐的計算時，作者很頭疼。D選項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.calculations計算；B.excuses借口，理由；C.directions方向；D.discoveries發(fā)現(xiàn)。由上面的“mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup”可知，姐姐給作者計算這個錢數(shù)是怎么來的。故A選項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.explored探索；B.learned學(xué)會；C.explained解釋；D.questioned詢問，質(zhì)疑。作者通過這次經(jīng)歷學(xué)會了借錢可能會給自己帶來雙重麻煩這個道理。B選項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】完形填空解題技巧：上下聯(lián)系尋信息：文章中，句與句之間、段與段之間緊密相連、渾然一體。因此，完形填空中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)前面的信息為后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情況。這時，考生切不可死盯空白不放，而要聯(lián)系上下文，尋求信息以確定答案。例如11小題。由下文中““Huh?ThenIrememberedtheloan可知，作者本來忘記了自己借的錢，到了圣誕節(jié)經(jīng)姐姐提醒才想起來。這是典型的通過上下文聯(lián)系來確定答案的例子。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共 15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMyFirstDayofSchoolFearstartedtakingover,IwaswalkingintomyfirstschoolinAmerica.IhadtraveledalongdistancefromIndiainordertojoinmyparents,whohadbeenforthreeyears,hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture.MyfatherdecidedthatIwouldbebetteroffgoingtoschoolhere,soIenrolled（ 登記）inthelocalhighschoolinmynewtown.IwasafraidhowIwoulddo.Onthefirstday,IwenttomysecondperiodclassafterIhadmissedmyfirst.Withanxiety,Ireachedforthedoor,openingitslowly.Withoutpayingattentiontomyclassmates,Iwentstraighttotheteacherandaskedifthiswastherightclass.Withasoftvoiceheanswered.“Yes.”Hisvoicecomfortedmealittle.HegavemeasheetcalledCourseRequirements,whichIwouldnevergetinIndiabecausewedidn’thaveanythinglikethat.ThenheaskedmetochoosewhereIwouldsit.Ididn’tactuallywanttopickaseat.InIndiawehadfixedseats,soIneverneededtoworryaboutthat.Ispenttherestoftheclasstakingnotesfromtheimageproducedbytheoverheadprojector.InIndianschools,wedidn’tusethetechnologywehad.Wehadtotakenotesastheteacherspoke.Itwasnoon.IwasveryconfusedaboutwhenIwouldhavelunch.IwenttomynextclassandthebellrangasIentered.IwentthroughtheregularprocessofaskingtheteacherifIwasintherightclass.Shesaid,fourthperiod.”“Butthebelljustrang, ”Isaid.Changingfromagentletonetoaharsher（刺耳的）one,shesaid, “Thatisthelunchbell,youngman. ”Iapologized.WithoutanotherwordIheadedforthecafeteria.Ifeltluckybecausewedidn ’thavethisinIndia.EveryconfusionseemedlikeabarrierIhadtogetthroughtoreachmygoal.Attheendoftheday,Iwasonmywaytothebuswhichwedidn ’thaveinIndiaeither.Ispottedmybustobad.andsatdowninsidehappily.Iwasthinking,todaywasntobad.TheauthorattendedanAmericanhighschoolbecause .hisfatherpreferredAmericanschoolshisfamilywantedhimtohaveabrightfuturehismotherhadworkedinitfor3yearshehadbeenlongingtoleavehishomelandWhatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfirstdayofschool?HewenttothewrongclassforthesecondperiodHemetsomeenthusiasticteachersandclassmatesHegottheCourseRequirementssheetfromhisclassmateHeexperienceddifferencesfromtheIndianschoolsinmanywaysHowdidtheauthorfeelattheendoftheday?A.Worried B.PuzzledC.Relieved D.Excited【答案】31.B32.D33.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者從印度來到美國，在美國上高中。作者記敘了第一天上學(xué)的經(jīng)歷和感受。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的 “Ihadtraveledjoinmyparents ???hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture.MyfatherdecidedthatIwouldbebetteroffgoingtoschoolhere”可知，作者的父母希望美國會對作者的未來有好處，在美國上學(xué)作者會更好。故 B選項(xiàng)“父親希望作者有個光明的未來?！闭_。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段和第三段中的“gaveHemeasheetcalledCourseRequirements,whichIwouldnevergetinIndia，Ididn’tactuallywanttopickaseat.InIndiawehadfixedseats，Ispenttherestoftheclasstakingnotesfromtheimageproducedbytheoverheadprojector.InIndianschools,wedidn'tusethetechnologywehad …Ifeltluckybecausewedidn 'tthisinIndia”可知，作者在美國上學(xué)的第一天，遇到了很多和印度不一樣的地方。例如：自己選擇座位，課程安排等。故結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“IwasafraidhowIwoulddo.Onthefirstday,IwenttomysecondperiodclassafterIhadmissedmyfirst.Withanxiety和最后一段中的“spIottedmybusandsatdowninsidehappily.Iwasthinking,todaywasn ’tsobad”可知，作者一開始非常害怕，非常焦慮，但是到了這一天結(jié)束的時候，他感覺這一天不是那么糟糕。由此可以推知，作者的焦慮最終得以緩解。C選項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要的答題策略：細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。解答此類試題時，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而應(yīng)采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，對照比較，確定答案。在第一題中，考生直接可以根據(jù)題干中的“ Americanhighschool”確定信哨第南轂“Ihadtraveled…joinmyparents…，hopingAmericawouldhefptme.MyfatherdecidedthatIwouldbebetteroffgoingtoschoolhere ”可直接確定答案。BWhydoyougotothelibrary?Forbooksyes--butyoulikebooksbecausetheytellstories.Youhopetogetlostinastoryorbetransportedintosomeoneelse'slife.Atonetypeoflibrary,youcandojustthat--eventhoughthere'snotasinglebook.tHUNANIIBRARYAtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow"people.Individualsvolunteerashuman “books“andparticipantsintheeventcan“read”thebook-meaningtheywould haveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience. “Books"arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienced discrimination （歧視）basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlifeForacertainamountoftime,youcanaskthemquestionsandlistentotheirstories,whichareasfascinatingandasattractiveasanyyoucanfindinabook.Manyofthestorieshavetodowithsomekindofstereotype.Youcanspeakwitharefugee（難民）,asoldiersufferingfromPTSD,ahomelesspersonorawomanlivingwithHIV.TheHumanLibraryencouragespeopletochallengetheirownlong-heldbeliefs-totrulygettoknow,andlearnfromsomeonetheymightotherwisemakeaquickjudgmentabout.Accordingtoitswebsite,theHumanLibraryis “aplacewheredifficultquestionsareexpected,appreciatedandanswered.”Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperiencesofothersintheircommunity.TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayduringamajorNorthernEuropeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince.Thoughthereareafewpermanenthumanlibraries,mostare n’tplacesatall,butevents.Thoughmanydotakeplaceatphysicallibraries,youdon’tneedalibrarycardanyone—cancomeandbepartoftheexperience.Therehavebeenhumanlibraryeventsallovertheglobe,inuniversitiesand

inpubs,fromChicagotoTunistoEdinburghtoSanAntonio.Thestoriesthese"books"tellrangefromfascinatingtoheartbreakingandeverythinginbetween.Andthat'stheverypointoftheorganization--toprovethatnopersoncanbesummedupinjustoneword.Itseekstoshowpeoplethatyoutrulycan'tjudgeabookbyitscoverorbyitstitleorlabel.The“books”inhumanlibrariesare .long-heldbeliefsattractingindividualsinspiringstonesmotivatingpeopleintroubleeventsinwhichpeoplecantalktovolunteersunfairly-treatedpeoplesharingtheirexperiencesTheeventinCopenhagenissignificantbecauseit .aimedtohelptheyoungsufferingfromviolenceattemptedtoreplacetraditionalphysicallibrarieslaidafoundationfortheHumanLibraryOrganizationledtoapleasingdevelopmentforthecommunitywithracismInhumanlibraries,thereadersarelikelyto .A.deepentheirunderstandingofpeople B.enrichtheirownpersonalexperiencesC.hearthestoriesfromallovertheworld D.makequickjudgmentsaboutthebooksthebooksThemainpurposeofthepassageisto .A.compareandevaluate B.informandexplainC.discussandpersuade D.analyzeandsuggest【答案】34.D35.C36.A37.B【解析】這是一篇介紹說明類文章。文章介紹了有關(guān)“theHumanLibrary”的相關(guān)信息。在theHumanLibrary，讀者可以和來自各行各業(yè)志愿者們交談，了解他們的經(jīng)歷和故事，加深對他人的了解。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow”people.Individualsvolunteerashuman“books”andparticipantsintheeventcan“read” the--bmooekaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience. “Books”arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination（歧視）basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlife”可知，HumanLibrary的“書”實(shí)際上人，這些人來自各行各業(yè)，他們經(jīng)歷了種族，宗教，性別等方面的歧視。讀者們可以和這些人交談，了解他們的經(jīng)歷。D選項(xiàng)正確。35題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayduringamajorNorthern Europeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince”可知，RonniAbergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事舉行了為期四天的活動，希望提高人們對青年人暴力的意識。在這次活動成功之后，Abergel建立了theHumanLibraryOrganization，該組織一直在發(fā)展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen舉行的活動的成功導(dǎo)致了theHumanLibraryOrganization的成立，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，該活動奠定了該組織的基礎(chǔ)，故C選項(xiàng)正確。【36題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperiencesofothersintheircommunity”可知，theHumanLibrary給社會提供了分享和了解別人經(jīng)歷的機(jī)會。由此可知，通過theHumanLibrary，人們可以加深對他人的了解。故 A選項(xiàng)正確。【37題詳解】寫作意圖題。文章介紹了theHumanLibrary（真人圖書館 ）的情況。在 theHumanLibrary，讀者可以和來自各行各業(yè)志愿者們交談，了解他們的經(jīng)歷和故事。文章還介紹了theHumanLibrary的成立的情況。很明顯，作者希望通過這篇文章讓讀者了解theHumanLibrary，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，其寫作目的應(yīng)為B選項(xiàng)：告知解釋。NormanGarmezy,adevelopmentpsychologistattheUniversityofMinnesota,metthousandsofchildreninhisfourdecadesofresearch.Anine-year-oldboyinparticularstuckwithhim.Hehasanalcoholicmotherandanabsentfather.Buteachdayhewouldwalkintoschoolwithasmileonhisface.Hewantedtomakesurethat"noonewouldfeelpityforhimandnoonewouldknowhismotherqualityGarmezyidentifiedassincompetence.resilienceandnoonewouldknowhismotherqualityGarmezyidentifiedassincompetence.resilience”.”TheboyexhibitedaResiliencepresentsachallengeforpsychologists.Peoplewhoareluckyenoughtoneverexperience any sortofadversity（逆境）won't know howresilienttheyare.It'sonlywhen they'refacedwithobstacles, stress, andotherenvironmentalthreats that resilience,orthelackofit, comes out.Somegiveinandsomeconquer.Garmezy'sworkopened the doortothestudyoftheelements thatcouldenableanindividual ’ssuccessdespitethechallengestheyfaced.Hisresearchindicatedthatsomeelementshadtodowithluck,butquitelargesetofelementswaspsychological,andhadtodowithhowthechildrenrespondedtotheenvironment.Theresilientchildrenhadwhatpsychologistscallan “internallensofcontrol（內(nèi)控點(diǎn)）”.Theybelievedthey,andnottheircircumstances,affectedtheirachievements.Theresilientchildrensawthemselvesasthearrangersoftheirownfates.CeorgeBonannohasbeenstudyingresilienceforyearsalColumbiaUniversity'sTeachersCollege.Hefoundthatsomepeoplearefarbetterthanothersatdealingwithadversity.Thisdifferencemightcomefromperception（認(rèn)知）whethertheythinkofaneventastraumatic（創(chuàng)傷）,orasanopportunitytolearnandgrow.“Stressful o”r “traumatic ”eventsthemselvesdon'thavemuchpredictivepowerwhenitcomestolifeoutcomes."Exposuretopotentiallytraumaticeventsdoesnotpredictlaterfunctioning,B”onannosaid."It'sonlypredictiveifthere'sanegativeresponse.”Inotherwords,livingthroughadversitydoesn'tguaranteethatyou'llsuffergoingforward.Thegoodnewsisthatpositiveperceptioncanbetaught."Wecanmakeourselvesmoreorlesseasilyhurtbyhowwethinkaboutthings,"Bonannosaid.InresearchatColumbia,theneuroscientistKevinOchsnerhasshownthatteachingpeopletothinkofadversityindifferentways--toreframeitinpositivetermswhentheinitialresponseisnegative,orinalessemotionalwaywhentheinitialresponseisemotionally“hot”changes howtheyexperienceandreacttotheadversity.Accordingtothepassage,resilienceisanindividual'sability A.tothinkcriticallyB.todecideonesownfateA.tothinkcriticallyB.todecideonesownfateC.toliveabetterlifeD.torecoverfromadversity39.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordC.toliveabetterlifeD.torecoverfromadversity39.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordi“nPthaeraygra”ph3referto?A.ThepsychologistsB.TheresilientchildrenA.ThepsychologistsB.TheresilientchildrenC.PositiveelementsD.InternallocusofcontrolAccordingtoParagraph4,C.PositiveelementsD.InternallocusofcontrolAccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearnthat .yourpositiveperceptionmayturnadversityaroundstressfuleventsaremorepredictivethandelightfuleventsexperiencingadversitypredictsthatyouwillgoonsufferinganegativeresponsedoesn'tguaranteeyouwillsufferallthetimeWhatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?ToteachpeoplehowtoberesilientToencouragepeopletolivethroughadversityToindicatepeople ’sperceptionvariesfromeachotherTocomparedifferentresearchfindingsaboutresilience【答案】38.D39.B40.A41.A【解析】這是一篇介紹說明類文章。文章介紹了一種品質(zhì)：韌性(resilience)。文章介紹了什么是韌性，韌性的作用，如何培養(yǎng)韌性等內(nèi)容?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Peoplewhoareluckyenoughtoneverexperienceanysortofadversity（逆境）won'tknowhowresilienttheyare.It'sonlywhenthey'refacedwithobstacles,stress,andotherenvironmentalthreatsthatresilience,orthelackofit,comesout.Somegiveinandsomeconquer ”可知，那些沒有經(jīng)歷過逆境的人不會知道自己有多大的韌性。只有當(dāng)他們面對障礙，壓力等逆境時，他們才能知道自己的韌性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度過了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度過逆境的人屬于非常有韌性的人。韌性應(yīng)該指克服逆境的能力。故D選項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。由第三段中的“Theresilientchildrenhadwhatpsychologistscallan"internallensofcontrol（ 內(nèi)控點(diǎn)）”.Theytbejyesiedthattheircircumstances,affectedtheirachievements.Theresilientchildrensawthemselvesasthearrangersoftheirownfates.”可知，那些有韌性的孩子擁有所謂的“內(nèi)控點(diǎn)”。他們認(rèn)為他們自己，而不是他們所處的環(huán)境影響了他們的成就。這些有韌性的孩子將自己看作是自己命運(yùn)的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是theresilientchildren。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Hefoundthatsomepeoplearefarbetterthanothersatdealingwithadversity.Thisdifferencemightcomefrom倉1J傷），orasanperception（認(rèn)知倉1J傷），orasan種差別來自他們的認(rèn)知。如果他們將逆境當(dāng)做是學(xué)習(xí)和成長的機(jī)會，對此做出積極的反應(yīng)，那么，他們就能很好的處理逆境。反之，如果他們做出消極的反應(yīng)，那么，他們就不能很好的來處理逆境。由此可以推知，積極的認(rèn)知可以改變逆境，使情況朝著好的方向發(fā)展。故A選項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】寫作意圖題。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”第個劇題釋了什么是resilience,第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究說明，當(dāng)面對逆境的時候，韌性可以幫助我們扭轉(zhuǎn)逆境，關(guān)鍵在于要有積極的認(rèn)知。第五段強(qiáng)調(diào)，積極的認(rèn)知是可以學(xué)習(xí)的。故這篇文章的寫作意圖就是告訴讀者如何使自己有韌性：用積極的態(tài)度去對待逆境。A選項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】依據(jù)邏輯推理猜測詞義：運(yùn)用邏輯推理猜測詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式。要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相關(guān)的詞匯并結(jié)合具體的語境，從形式和內(nèi)容上把握語言之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，理順語言之間的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)而達(dá)到猜詞的目的。在第二小題中，考生可以根據(jù)該畫線詞所在的上下文語境來推測其指代對象。Theresilientchildrenhadwhatpsychologistscallan "internallensofcontrol（ 內(nèi)控點(diǎn)）”.Theybelievedthey,andnottheircircumstances,affectedtheirachievements.Theresilient由該句所在」childrensawthemselvesasthearrangersoftheirownfates.由該句所在」句文可知，該句中所有的they指的都是theresilientchildren。下一句中的themselves也是就 theresilientchildren來說的。很明顯，該畫線詞就是指“theresilientchildren ”。DScienceisfinalybeginningtoembraceanimalswhowere,foralongtime,consideredsecond-classcitizens.AsAnniePottsofCanterburyUniversityhasnoted,chickensdistinguishamongonehundredchickenfacesandrecognizefamiliarindividualsevenaftermonthsofseparation.Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssometimeschoosetogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one.Healthyhensmayaidfriends,andmournwhenthosefrienddie.Pigsrespondmeaningfultohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.I’vebeenguiltyofprejudicedexpectations,myself.Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals.They'reotherprimates（ 靈長目動物）,afterall,animalsfromourownmammalian（哺乳動物的）class.Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudiesinthewildonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedurekinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.Overtime,though,asIbegantobroadenoutevenfurtherandexploretheinnerlivesoffish,chickens,pigs,goats,andcows,Istartedtowonder:Willthenewscienceof"foodanimals"bringanethical（倫理的）revolutionintermsofwhoweeat?Inotherwords,willourethicsstarttocatchupwiththedevelopmentofourscience?Animalactivistsarealreadythere,ofcourse,committedtonoteatingtheseanimals.Butwhatabouttherestofus?Canpayingattentiontothethinkingandfeelingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangesinwhoweeat?AccordingtoAnniePotts,henshavetheabilityof B.analysisA.interactionB.analysisC.creationD.abstractionC.creationTheresearchintopigsshowsthatpigs learnlettersquicklyhaveagoodeyesightcanbuildupagoodrelationshipcanapplyknowledgetonewsituationsParagraph4ismainlyabout .thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumansthenecessityoflong-termstudiesonmammalsachangeinpeople'sattitudestowardsanimalsadiscoveryofhowanimalsexpressthemselvesWhatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimalsTheLifestylesofFoodAnimalsScienceReportsonFoodAnimalsARevolutioninFoodAnimalsBDCA【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了我們原來當(dāng)作食物的動物實(shí)際上也有情感有思想，它們有一定的分析推理能力。人類不應(yīng)只將它們當(dāng)作食物。【42題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonschoosesometimestogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater(andbetter)one”可知，當(dāng)解決問題時，母雞們會推理：例如，受過挑選彩色紐扣的訓(xùn)練的母雞們有時會選擇放棄即時的食物獎勵，換取稍晚一些 (而且更好 )的食物獎勵。由此可知，母雞們具備分析能力。故 B選項(xiàng)正確。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Pigsrespondmeaningfultohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anotinconsiderablefeatofreasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿著帶 X標(biāo)記的木板，一些研究者拿著帶 O標(biāo)記的木板，只有拿帶 O標(biāo)記木板的研究者給豬提供食物，豬很快就只理會這些研究者了。 當(dāng)木板換成帶 X和O標(biāo)記的襯衫時，豬仍然只走向那些穿帶O標(biāo)記襯衫的研究者。這表明豬將把知識轉(zhuǎn)移到了二維的形式，這是一種相當(dāng)大的推理壯舉。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)， D選項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】段落大意題。由第四段中的“Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals...Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long- termstudies…h(huán)elpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulprocedurekinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.”可知，數(shù)十年前，作者堅信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都勝過其他的動物。很快，作者就意識到除了猴子和猩猩，鯨魚也是文化學(xué)習(xí)的主人，大象也表現(xiàn)出高興等情感。長期的研究也促進(jìn)著我們社會觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變：我們不再認(rèn)為猴子只能是實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，大象只能在馬戲團(tuán)里進(jìn)行表演，海豚只能被養(yǎng)在主題公園狹小的池子里。很明顯，本段介紹的是人們對動物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。故 C選項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段提出：科學(xué)開始擁抱原來被我們認(rèn)為是二等公民的動物們（即：我們對某些動物的看法正在發(fā)生變化）。第二和第三段以母雞和豬為例告訴讀者：通過科學(xué)研究，母雞和豬也具備情感，也具備分析推理能力。第四段介紹了人們對動物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。第五和第六段呼吁讀者：動物有自己的情感和思想，我們不要只將動物當(dāng)成我們的食物。結(jié)合每段大意可知，該文主要是圍繞動物也有情感有思想來展開的。故A選項(xiàng)適合做該文標(biāo)題。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。SleepandTeens--BiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9-plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepnight.