考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古商貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古商貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

Thecompanyheadquartersincludeatechnicallibraryandabigresearchlaboratory.I’vevisited（1）lab,whichisvery（2）equipped.Iwouldn'tmindworkingtheremyself.

【答案】1.the

2.well

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ü谠~。這里應(yīng)該用定冠詞the來(lái)表示特指前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的laboratory。

2.固定搭配。Bewellequipped設(shè)備齊全精良。

2.單選題

Ifyouputtoomanypotatoesinthatpaperbagitwill（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explode

B.crack

C.overcrowd

D.burst

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)explode“爆炸”；B選項(xiàng)crack“破裂”；C選項(xiàng)overcrowd“過(guò)度擁擠”；D選項(xiàng)burst“漲破，撐破”。根據(jù)句意“如果你在紙袋里放太多土豆，它會(huì)脹破的?！边x項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Intoday'sworld,insuranceplaysavitalroleintheeconomicandsocialwelfareoftheentirepopulation.Thewishtoguardagainstdangerstolifeandpropertyisbasictohumannature.Byusingvariouskindsofinsurance,societyhasbeenabletoreducetheeffectsofsuchhazards.

Nowhereisinsurancemoreimportantthaninthemanagementofabusiness.Inmanyinstanceslossesinasmallfirmcanmeanthedifferencebetweengrowthandfailure,vitalityandstagnation.Veryfewsmallbusinesseshaveevenaportionofthefinancialsourcesavailabletolargerenterprises.Frequentlytheymustoperateonaveryslightmarginiftheyhopetostayinbusiness.Andthus,theyareparticularlysensitivetounexpectedlosses.

Withoutenoughinsurance,whathappenstosuchafirmwhentheownerdiesorissuddenlydisabled?Whenafirebreaksoutanddestroysthefirm’sbuildingorstock?Whenanemployeeisfoundtohavestolencompanyfunds?Whenacustomerisawardedaliabilityjudgmentforanaccident?Toooften,thebusinessisforcedtothewall;itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed;sometimes,itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed.

Almostalways,asmallbusinessmanwouldfinditimpossibletohandlethefullburdenofhispotentialrisk.Theamountofmoneyhewouldhavetosetasidetocoverpossiblelosseswouldleavehimnothingoralmostnothingtorunhisbusinesswith.Iflossesweretooccurwhichhecouldrepairbyusinghisreservefund,whatassurancewouldhehavethatanotherloss-thesamekindordifferent——mightnotoccurnextweek,nextmonth?Butthenhewouldhavenoreservefundandlittlelikelihoodofstayinginbusinessatall.

1.Thisselectiondealsmainlywith（

）.

2.InParagraph3,“forcedtothewall”means“（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthat

（

）.

4.AdequateinsurancewilldoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatitwill

（

）.

5.Theword“curbed”inParagraph3isnearestinmeaningto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therelationbetweeninsuranceandsociety

B.accidentsandlosses

C.businessfailures

D.theimportanceofinsurancetobusiness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.driventodespair

B.stayinginastrongposition

C.doingwell

D.climbingup

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.accidentsalwayshappen

B.abusinessmanshouldtakerisk

C.businessesshouldhaveadequateinsurance

D.insuranceisasocialwelfareproject

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.freesomebusinessfunds

B.addtobenefitsforemployees

C.relievesomemanagementproblems

D.provideforunexpectedincidents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.checked

B.advanced

C.expanded

D.disturbed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)篇就提到保險(xiǎn)在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)福利中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，第二段講述了保險(xiǎn)在企業(yè)管理中是最重要的，第三、四段講述了沒(méi)有足夠保險(xiǎn)的企業(yè)會(huì)面臨怎樣的后果。因此D選項(xiàng)“保險(xiǎn)對(duì)企業(yè)的重要性”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。driventodespair意為“陷入絕望”；stayinginastrongposition意為“保持強(qiáng)勢(shì)”；doingwell意為“經(jīng)營(yíng)盈利”；climbingup意為“上升”。由后面的itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed可知前面表示不好的結(jié)果，因此選A。

第3題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章主要講述了保險(xiǎn)對(duì)企業(yè)的重要性，因此C選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)應(yīng)該有足夠的保險(xiǎn)”符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章第三四段提到了如果沒(méi)有足夠的保險(xiǎn)，那么企業(yè)將遇到資金、意外事故、管理方面等問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有提到會(huì)增加員工福利，因此選B。

第5題:詞義題。checked意為“選定的，有方格圖案的”；advanced意為“先進(jìn)的”；expanded意為“擴(kuò)大的”；disturbed意為“擾亂的，心理失常的”。由前面的thebusinessisforcedtothewall可知此處表示不好的結(jié)果，itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed（它未來(lái)的運(yùn)營(yíng)受到了極大的……），因此選D。

4.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。soared“飄升”；mutated“變化；突變”；plummeted“驟降”；fluctuated“波動(dòng)”，根據(jù)lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此處應(yīng)該填plummeted。句意：根據(jù)最近的報(bào)告，消費(fèi)者信任度上個(gè)月驚人的……15個(gè)點(diǎn)，達(dá)到九年中最低值。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WillteleportationbecomearealityintimeforGeneralRelativity’s100thbirthday?THEYEAR2015isthe100thanniversaryofthepublicationofAlbertEinstein’sfirstpapersonrelativity.(46)ThisrevolutionarytheoryofphysicschangedourviewoftheUniverseandopenedupmanypossibilities,suchastheuseofatomicenergy,whichhadneverbeendreamedofbefore.

Teleportationisonedreamthat’syettobeachieved.Insciencefiction,teleportationmeansdisintegratinganobjectinoneplacewhileaperfectreplicaappearssomewhereelse.ThetransporterofStarTrekisprobablythebest-knownexample.Ironically,alimitedkindofteleportationhasbeenachievedthroughrelativity’s“rival”ofquantumtheory.(47)AsreportedinFocus272,quantumteleportationinvolvestransferringinformationonaquantumsystem—thatis,asmallasimplesystemsuchasasinglephoton—fromoneplacetoanother.Suchexperimentsmayleadtoadvancesincommunicationsandcomputing:wemayevenseea“quantuminternet”.

(48)Buttheseexperimentshaveyettobescaleduptoasystemaslargeasamolecule,letaloneCaptainKirk.Besides,StarTrektransportersdon’tseemtoworkonquantumeffects.InoneStarTrek:TheNextGenerationepisode,Dataexplainsthattransporterworkbyconvertingsomeoneintoanenergybeam,thenbacktotheiroriginalpattern.Einstein’srelativitydidprovethatenergyandmassareequivalent.ButinThePhysicsofStarTrek(1995),physicistLawrenceKraussshowsthattobeamahumanmightrequire10,000timesthecurrentpoweroutputofEarth.

Teleportationisastubborndream.StoriesofmattertransmittersgobacktoEdwardPageMitchell’s1877novelTheManWithoutABody,withrootsinmythslikethe“seven-leagueboots”ofEuropeanfolklore.Ifweevercouldbuildateleporter,whatwouldwedowithit?

LarryNiven’s1973novelFlashCrowdshoweda2015transformedsince“displacementbooths”wereintroducedbackin1990.(49)Asyounolongerneededtoliveclosebyyourplaceofwork,citiesandsuburbsdissolved,whilepropertyvaluessoaredandcrashed.Thetitlerelatestoakindofpermanentfloatingriotthatisdrawntodisturbances.

IntheDoctorwhoserialTheSeedsofDeath(1969),anUN-runglobalteleportationcalledTravel-mat(T-mat)istheworld’ssolemeansoftransportation.(50)Thenetworkiscreakingbecauseofhumanfrailtyandmistakes,evenbeforedisasterstrikesintheformofaninvasionofIceWarriorsfromMars.WhenT-matisshutdown,withinhours“atotalbreakdownofsocialorder(is)predicted”.Thisstoryisametaphorforthedangersofover-relianceonasingletechnologicalsystem.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.這一革命性的物理學(xué)理論改變了我們對(duì)宇宙的看法，并開(kāi)辟了許多可能性，如以前從未夢(mèng)想過(guò)使用原子能。

47.正如《焦點(diǎn)272》所報(bào)道的，量子傳輸包括在量子系統(tǒng)上傳輸信息，也就是說(shuō)，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的系統(tǒng)，比如將單個(gè)光子從一個(gè)地方傳輸?shù)搅硪粋€(gè)地方。

48.但這些實(shí)驗(yàn)還沒(méi)有擴(kuò)展到一個(gè)分子那么大的系統(tǒng)，更不用說(shuō)《星際迷航》中的科克船長(zhǎng)了。另外，《星際迷航》的傳送器似乎對(duì)量子效應(yīng)不起作用。

49.當(dāng)你不再需要住在離工作近的地方時(shí)，城市和郊區(qū)就消失了，而房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格飆升又暴跌。這本書(shū)與一種永久的浮動(dòng)暴動(dòng)有關(guān)，它被卷入了騷亂。

50.由于人類的軟弱和錯(cuò)誤，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)不堪重負(fù)，甚至在災(zāi)難來(lái)臨之前，就已經(jīng)有了來(lái)自火星的冰戰(zhàn)士的入侵。

6.單選題

Inspite___theyworkeddayandnightontheproject,theyfailedtofindoutthemechanismofthedisease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.thefactthat

C.ofthefactthat

D.ofwhat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配和從句。inspite通常和of搭配，表示“盡管；不管，不顧”，排除A選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)代入到原文后，whattheyworkeddayandnightontheproject，無(wú)法得知他們夜以繼日地為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目工作的具體內(nèi)容到底是什么，theyworkeddayandnightontheproject應(yīng)是一個(gè)既定事實(shí)，句意：盡管他們夜以繼日地致力于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，他們還是沒(méi)能找出這種疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Manyproblemsthatweface,suchasdepression,compulsiveandaddictivebehaviors,andanxiety,resultfromhumaninherentdesiretoseekpleasure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consecutive

B.excessive

C.obsessive

D.possessive

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.consecutive連貫的；連續(xù)不斷的B.excessive過(guò)多的

C.obsessive強(qiáng)迫性的；著迷的D.possessive占有的；所有的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】劃線單詞前面說(shuō)我們面臨許多行為，這些行為有抑郁和成癮性行為，以及焦慮，都是一些不好的行為，劃線處單詞與這些行為并列，由此可知?jiǎng)澗€處單詞也是不好的行為。所以C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)迫性”符合題意。劃線單詞compulsive“強(qiáng)迫性的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】我們所面臨的許多問(wèn)題，如抑郁、強(qiáng)迫性和成癮行為，以及焦慮，都是源于人類內(nèi)在的尋求快樂(lè)的欲望。

8.單選題

Wearenotsurethathewillbeableto（

）theshockofgoingbankrupt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getover

B.putthrough

C.takeup

D.dependupon

【答案】A

【解析】getover克服，恢復(fù)，熬過(guò)；putthrough接通，完成，使經(jīng)受；takeup拿起，開(kāi)始從事；dependupon依賴，取決于。句意：我們不確定他能否從破產(chǎn)的打擊中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Thepolicebelievethatthethiefisstillonthe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.premises

B.diversity

C.emission

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。premises“處所”；diversity“多樣性”；emission“散發(fā)”；engagement“訂婚”。句意：警察相信，這個(gè)小偷仍在他的住所。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof（）betweenmanagementandtheworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbance

B.resistance

C.contraction

D.friction

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：休閑度假政策仍然是管理層和工人之間（）的根源。

disturbance干擾，騷亂；resistance阻力，電阻，抵抗；contraction收縮，緊縮；friction

摩擦。D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】75.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半數(shù)以上的無(wú)父家庭是由離婚、分居、死亡或監(jiān)禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子現(xiàn)在是由同居的父親和母親產(chǎn)生的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在所有無(wú)母親家庭中，只有不到一半是由離婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B選項(xiàng)“近一半的非婚生嬰兒現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（當(dāng)立法者、政策分析人士和意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖討論家庭變化時(shí)，他們通常關(guān)注兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：非婚生育和無(wú)父家庭。在許多情況下，他們討論這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，仿佛它們是相同的）可知A選項(xiàng)“非婚生育并不是單親家庭的唯一原因”；結(jié)合上文所提到的內(nèi)容可知D選項(xiàng)“非婚生育和無(wú)父家庭是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的問(wèn)題”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

76.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她們還發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作異常困難，因?yàn)樗齻冞€要照顧孩子。許多人從缺席的父親那里得到的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)非常少，即使是慷慨的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)也比收入相同的常住父親通常提供的錢要少。雖然單身母親有資格獲得各種形式的公共援助，但立法者和選民都不想讓這種援助慷慨，以免慷慨會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多的女性獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)孩子）有涉及到B選項(xiàng)“低收入母親”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏政府的幫助”以及D選項(xiàng)“缺乏來(lái)自孩子父親的支持”，但是結(jié)合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，單親母親家庭的蔓延對(duì)美國(guó)貧困的持續(xù)存在起到了重要作用）可以推斷出貧困才是導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題的回答，A選項(xiàng)“貧困”包括了B，C，D選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

77.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（離婚后再婚的母親在經(jīng)濟(jì)上與孩子生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親差不多）可知A選項(xiàng)“離婚后再婚的母親”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（與男友同居的未婚母親的家庭收入也明顯高于獨(dú)自生活的母親……）可知C選項(xiàng)“與男朋友同居的未婚母親”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，當(dāng)未婚母親與父母或其他親戚住在一起時(shí)……）可知D選項(xiàng)“和父母住在一起的未婚媽媽”有提及；B選項(xiàng)“與孩子的生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親”原文未涉及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

78.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段劃線句子處In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，當(dāng)林登?約翰遜宣布向貧困宣戰(zhàn)時(shí)，只有30%的有孩子的貧困家庭由單身母親撫養(yǎng)。自20世紀(jì)70年代末以來(lái)，這個(gè)數(shù)字一直在60%左右）可知選C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)70年代末以來(lái)，貧困單親家庭的比例翻了一番”；A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的貧困家庭的孩子生活在單親家庭”，B選項(xiàng)“有孩子的貧困家庭一半以上是單親家庭”以及D選項(xiàng)“離婚率自1964年以來(lái)翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

TheRomanswerehardworkingandfrugal,self-reliant,seriousabouttheirresponsibilitiesandsteadfastinthefaceofadversity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economical

B.cautious

C.courageous

D.righteous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.economical節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的B.cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的

C.courageous勇敢的，無(wú)畏的D.righteous公正的，正直的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】frugal的意思為“（對(duì)金錢、食物等）節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的”，用來(lái)形容theRomans，指的是羅馬人很勤儉節(jié)約，economical與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】羅馬人勤勞節(jié)儉，自力更生，認(rèn)真履行他們的責(zé)任，面對(duì)逆境也堅(jiān)定不移。

13.單選題

Therecruiter’sspeechwassocompellingthatnearlyeveryoneintheauditoriumenlistedinthearmywhenitwasover.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resourceful

B.meaningful

C.forceful

D.powerful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resourceful“足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”；B選項(xiàng)meaningful“有意義的；意味深長(zhǎng)的”；C選項(xiàng)forceful“強(qiáng)有力的；有說(shuō)服力的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”；D選項(xiàng)powerful“強(qiáng)大的”。句意：招聘人員的演講是如此令人信服，以至于演講結(jié)束后，禮堂里幾乎每個(gè)人都參軍了。本句關(guān)鍵詞compelling表示“引人注目的；令人信服的；非常強(qiáng)烈的；不可抗拒的”，forceful可以做同義替換，表示有說(shuō)服力的；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.問(wèn)答題

Manyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimensiontotheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschewsteachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called"decision-making",wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrentodecideforthemselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Itreplaced"charactereducation".Charactereducationdidn'taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel;instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandself-control.

Inthe1940s,whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed,teachersworriedaboutstudentschewinggum;todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.Decision-makingcurriculumsposethornyethicaldilemmastostudents,leavingthemwiththeimpressionthatallmoralityisproblematicandthatallquestionsofrightandwrongareindispute.Youngstersareforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey'veneveracquiredinthefirstplaceoruponwhichtheyhaveonlyatenuoushold.Theassumptionbehindthismethodisthatstudentswillarriveatgoodmoralconclusionsifonlytheyaregiventhechance.Buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.

Forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrapetobeacceptableundercertainconditions.Astoundingly,manyofthegirlsagreed.

Thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedbyvalues-educationprogramsthatarelittlemorethancoursesinself-esteem.Theseprogramsarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodabouthimselforherselfwon'twanttodoanythingwrong.Butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumption:namely,thatachildwhohasuncriticalself-regardwillconcludethatheorshecan'tdoanythingbad.

Suchnaiveself-acceptanceresultsinlargepartfromthenon-directive,non-judgmentalas-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choicesmentalitythathaspervadedpubliceducationforthelasttwoandone-halfdecades.Manyoftoday'sdrugeducation,sexeducationandvalues-educationcoursesarebasedonthesame1960sphilosophythathelpedfueltheexplosioninteendruguseandsexualactivityinthefirstplace.

Meanwhile,whileeducatorsarestillfiddlingwithoutdated"feel-good"approaches,NewYork,Washington,andLosAngelesareburning.Youngstersareleavingschoolbelievingthatmattersofrightandwrongarealwaysmerelysubjective.Ifyoupassastrangeronthestreetanddecidetomurderhimbecauseyouneedmoney一ifitfeelsright一yougowiththatfeeling.Clearly,murderisnottaughtinourschools,butsuchaconclusion―justaboutanyconclusion—canbereachedandjustifiedusingthedecision-makingmethod.

Itistimetoconsignthefadsof"decision-making"and"non-judgmentalism"totheashheapoffailedpolicies,andreturntoaprovedmethod.Charactereducationprovidesamuchmorerealisticapproachtomoralformation.Itisbuiltonanunderstandingthatwelearnmoralitynotbydebatingitbutbypracticingit.

【答案】InhisessayChildrenMustBeTaughttoTellRightfromWrong",WilliamKilpatrickarguesthatthe"decision-making"approachtothemoraleducationofAmericanyouth,whichreplaced"charactereducation"25yearsago,haspreventedjuvenilesfrombehavingandthinkinginaccordancewiththetraditionalmoralprinciplesthatarefundamentaltoAmericansociety.

AccordingtoKilpatrick,decision-makingmethodsinstillinstudentsawrongbeliefthatallnormsofmoralityaresubjectiveconstructswithonlyrelativetruthinthemandthereforecanbeinterpretedflexiblyandevenquestioned.Thisbeliefdeprivesthemofthechancetosecuresolidmoralstandardsandcausesmisconceptionsaboutwhatshouldbeclearlyrightorwrong.

Inparallelwiththisinadequacyofthe"decision-making"approacharetheunexpectedoutcomesofthosevalues-educationprogramsfocusingonstudents,self-esteemthatsupportsthe"non-judgmental"mindsetdominating"decision-making"curriculums.Theirmistakenassumptionthatfeelinggoodwarrantsmoralityexcusesstudentsfromcriticizinganddiscipliningtheirownbehaviors.

Basinghisconclusiononhisanalysisofthefundamentalflawsofthedecision-makingapproach,Kilpatrickfinallyproposesanimmediateshiftbacktocharactereducationwhichhebelievesteachesmoralitymoreeffectivelybyemphasizingpracticeinsteadofdiscussion.

15.單選題

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法?！斑^(guò)去分詞+asitis(was)”“現(xiàn)在分詞+asitdoes(did)”是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于lying為lie的現(xiàn)在分詞，故用“現(xiàn)在分詞+asitdoes(did)”這個(gè)句型，此句相當(dāng)于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤礦位于深山深處，所以必須從深谷里運(yùn)來(lái)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.

你可能有很高的學(xué)術(shù)才智，但缺乏社會(huì)能力，即虛心聽(tīng)取意見(jiàn)、熱忱待人、批評(píng)與接受批評(píng)的能力。社會(huì)能力強(qiáng)的人能夠承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任并繼續(xù)努力。他們知道如何取得集體的支持。而人際關(guān)系差的人不太善于接受批評(píng)。遇到錯(cuò)誤，首先想到的是自己，拒絕承認(rèn)自己有錯(cuò)，喜怒無(wú)常或暴跳如雷。

【答案】Youmayhavegreatacademictalent,butyoulacksocialskills,whichreferstotheabilitytolistentoideaswithanopenmind,cordiallytreatpeopleandacceptcriticism.Peoplewithstrongsocialskillsareabletoadmittheirmistakes,acceptresponsibilitybravely,andcontinuetoworkhard.Theyknowhowtogetcollectivesupport.Andpeoplewithpoorrelationshipsarelessreceptivetocriticism.Whentheymakemistakes,theyalwaysthinkofthemselvesfirstandrefusetoadmitthattheyarewrong,beingmoodyorfurious.

17.單選題

Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVand（）theirpets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stroking

B.desiring

C.modeling

D.flattering

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。stroke"輕撫,撫摸";desire"希望,渴望";model"做模特;制作模型";flatter"奉承;諂媚"。句意：對(duì)某些人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活中最大的樂(lè)趣是花時(shí)間在家里看電視和撫摸他們的寵物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

MyscheduletovisitAmericaforbusinessandhisplantocometoseeme______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overturned

B.overlapped

C.overlaid

D.crisscrossed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)overturn“推翻，傾覆”，B項(xiàng)overlap“與……重疊，與……互搭”，C項(xiàng)overlaid“覆蓋，放在……上面”，D項(xiàng)crisscross“在……上構(gòu)成十字形圖案，多次往返于”。根據(jù)句子意思“我去美國(guó)出差的時(shí)間表和他來(lái)看我的計(jì)劃”可知，空格填入overlapped表示“重合”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我去美國(guó)出差的時(shí)間表和他來(lái)看我的計(jì)劃重疊了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

1Formillionsofyears,BritainwaspartoftheEuropeancontinent.Ahighridgeoflimestone—nowfamouslyexposedasthechalkycliffsofDover-extendedallthewaytowhatisnowFrance,allowingmammoths,hippopotamiandeventuallyhumanstopassfreelybackandforth.Butabout450,000yearsago,thisrockyroadwascutoffbyafloodofunimaginableproportions.Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailedevidenceofhowthistorrentofdestructionwasunleashed.“They’vemanagedtoidentify...howtheridgewasbreached,”saysgeologistPhilipGibbardoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudy.“I'mquiteenthusiastic.”

2TheideathatenormousfloodsquicklycarvedpartsoftheEnglishChannelwasfirstproposedin1985.Atthetime,geologistAlecSmithofBedfordCollegeinLondonnoticedlarge,interweavingscourmarksonmapsoftheEnglishChannelseafloor.HerecognizedthatthepatternsoferosionresembledthoseoftheChanneledScablands,ahighlyerodedlandscape-stark,barrenandwithlittlesoil—ineasternWashingtonstateinthenorthwesternUS.Thelandscapewasformedbyfloodsfromglaciallakesthatbursttheiricydamsbetween15,000and18,000yearsago.

3SimilarglaciershaveexistedinEurope.Some450,000yearsago,amassiveicesheetspannedScandinavia,reachingdownintonorthernEuropeandmuchofwhataretodaytheBritishIsles.Hemmedinbytheicewasalargeglaciallake.Nooneknowsexactlyhowbigitwas,butitmayhavebeenseveralhundredkilometerswide,anditlikelyfilledthesouthernpartoftheNorthSea.Becausesomuchwaterwasstoredonlandasicesheets,sealevelsarethoughttohavebeenabout120meterslowerthantoday,exposingthebottomofwhatisnowtheEnglishChannel.

4Withthechalkridgeformingadamtothesouth,andtheRhineandotherriversflowingintotheglaciallake,thewaterwouldhavekeptrising.Smithproposedthatthelakewouldeventuallyhavecascadedoverthechalkcliffs.Asevidence,hepointedtolarge,deeppitsatthebaseoftheformerridge—“plungepools”thatwereformedbytheforceofthewaterfallsandlaterfilledinwithsediment.Thescourmarksonthechannelbottomwouldhavebeencarvedbyavastfloodrichindebris.Stillunknownwaswhatunleashedthedeluge.

5Thedramaticideawasthenforgottenformanyyears.“Idon'tthinkmanypeoplebelievedit,”saysSanjeevGupta,ageologistatImperialCollegeLondon.(Smith,whoretiredafewyearsafterfloatinghisidea,diedin2015.)“Ifsmith'shypothesisnowwinsgeneralacceptance,thenthedecadesofdelaywillbeoddlysimilartothedecadesittookfortheoriginoftheChanneledScablandstobeaccepted.WhenthegeologistsJTPardeeandHarlenBretzfirstarguedthatthe

Scablandsweretheproductofashortcatastrophicfloodofhugeproportions,ittookalmostfortyyearstowinovertheirfellowearthscientists.”

6NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration.WithdatafromBritish,BelgianandFrenchresearchvessels,theteamputtogetheraclearpictureofsevenplungepoolsonthechannelfloor(seemapbelow),eachnearlyakilometerwideandupto140metersdeep—evenlargerthanSmithhadestimated.“It'sclearthatthescaleisreallyfargreaterthanoriginallyimagined,”Gibbardsays,“Theplungepoolswereenormous.”

7Thewaterfallspouringfromthelakemighthavebeen50metershighortaller,Guptasays,althoughitisdifficulttoknow.Therelentlesspoundingofthecascadesmayhavespunlargeblocksofstoneinsidethepoolsatthebottom,drillingintothebedrock.Allthisdiggingmighthavefatallyweakenedtheridge,eventuallycausingitt