考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Greenplantsorotherphotosynthesizingorganismsuselightenergyfromthesuntomanufacturecarbohydratesfortheirownneeds.Mostofthischemicalenergyisprocessedinmetabolismanddissipatedasheatinrespiration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emerged

B.converted

C.evolved

D.consumed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.emerged（從隱蔽處或暗處）出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)B.converted（使）轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換

C.evolved（使）逐漸形成，逐步發(fā)展D.consumed消耗，耗費(fèi)（燃料、能量、時(shí)間等）

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】dissipated的意思為“（使）消散，消失”，指的是大部分能量在呼吸過(guò)程中散失，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，consumed與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】綠色植物或其他進(jìn)行光合作用的生物利用來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的光能制造碳水化合物來(lái)滿(mǎn)足自己的需要。大部分化學(xué)能量在新陳代謝過(guò)程中被處理，在呼吸過(guò)程中以熱的形式消散。

2.單選題

Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.

Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.

“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.

PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.

TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.

“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”

TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.

Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”

Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.

1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey（）.

2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis（）.

3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm（）.

4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto（）.

5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems

B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable

C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets

D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.verysmall

B.veryefficient

C.community-supportedagriculture

D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A

B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming

C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture

D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm

B.getaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetables

C.enjoypackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900

D.buy$120-$220fresh-cutblossomstwiceamonth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.comesfromthebackwardspelledword“nowhere”

B.isafictionalnameandthereisnosuchafarmintheU.S.A

C.it’sveryhardtosurviveowingtoitssmallsize

D.developssoundly,inspiteofitsfinancialdifficulties

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一自然段的內(nèi)容“環(huán)保意識(shí)改變了將食物端上桌的傳統(tǒng)方式，相反，越來(lái)越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向了雜貨店甚至農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)，通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的股份來(lái)直接獲取來(lái)源?！庇纱丝芍絹?lái)越多的人買(mǎi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)股份是受到環(huán)保意識(shí)的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.Erehwon是松散卻不斷壯大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分，主要通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)動(dòng)員起來(lái)，他參與的是所謂的社區(qū)支持農(nóng)業(yè)?！币约氨径巫詈笠痪洹癷nessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，就是雇傭私人農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，顛覆舊的佃農(nóng)制度。”由此可知，Erehwon農(nóng)場(chǎng)和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的不同之處在于它是社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第五段第一句“TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.這一概念是在20世紀(jì)80年代從歐洲和亞洲引進(jìn)的，作為一種替代性的銷(xiāo)售和籌資安排，來(lái)幫助克服小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)通常高昂的費(fèi)用?！庇纱丝芍?，這不是一個(gè)新的概念，而且是來(lái)幫助而不是來(lái)和小規(guī)模農(nóng)場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，所以選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B均表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)本段第二句“Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.但直到最近，它才慢慢生根發(fā)芽”可知，這一概念剛剛生根發(fā)芽，還沒(méi)有初步成形，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)本段最后一句的內(nèi)容可知，像Erehwon這樣的農(nóng)場(chǎng)由以前的不到100家到現(xiàn)在增長(zhǎng)到接近1500家，說(shuō)明社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)在美國(guó)蓬勃發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)非常受歡迎。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.ErehwonFarm的股東可以自由使用土地，并保證獲得當(dāng)季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金額從300美元到900美元不等?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)A目前還沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)；選項(xiàng)C曲解了原文的意思；選項(xiàng)D不是普通股東享有的權(quán)利，所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward…Erehwon這個(gè)詞是由‘nowhere’倒著寫(xiě)的”，由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有信息提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，Erehwon農(nóng)場(chǎng)不是由于規(guī)模小而無(wú)法生存，屬于曲解原文句意，所以選項(xiàng)C不正確；原文也沒(méi)有提及財(cái)政問(wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)D也不正確。

3.單選題

TransWorldAirlines(TWA)wascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims’families.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.briefly

B.quickly

C.accurately

D.earnestly

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.briefly簡(jiǎn)略地B.quickly迅速地

C.accurately準(zhǔn)確地D.earnestly真誠(chéng)地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞是用來(lái)修飾“通知遇難者家屬（notifyingvictims’families）”，根據(jù)句意，航空公司因沒(méi)有這么做而受到批評(píng)。根據(jù)常識(shí)，發(fā)生空難后正確的做法應(yīng)該是“迅速通知家屬”。B選項(xiàng)“迅速地”符合原句邏輯。原文promptly“迅速地”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)與原文不符。

【句意】環(huán)球航空公司（TWA）因試圖掩蓋真相而沒(méi)有及時(shí)通知遇難者家屬而受到批評(píng)。

4.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbeasthrivingasitis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Beitnot

C.Wereitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考査虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬條件句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句中吋態(tài)應(yīng)往前推，為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本句省略了if，所以需要將助動(dòng)詞had提前。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

______ourkindnesstohelpher,Susanrefusedtolistentous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atall

B.Forall

C.Inall

D.Onall

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Atall“（否定句）根本”；B選項(xiàng)Forall“盡管”；C選項(xiàng)Inall“總計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)Onall“總的來(lái)說(shuō)”。句意：______我們好心地幫助蘇珊，她不聽(tīng)我們的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里應(yīng)該填入連詞表示邏輯關(guān)系，前后對(duì)比表示轉(zhuǎn)折符合語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)Forall“盡管”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thisisan____pieceofworkofart,verifiedbyseveralprominentartconnoisseurs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.angular

B.ambitious

C.authentic

D.almighty

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.angular有棱角的；有尖角的B.ambitious費(fèi)力的；耗資的；耗時(shí)的

C.authentic真品的D.almighty全能的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】原句中，該詞修飾的是藝術(shù)作品，根據(jù)后文“經(jīng)幾位著名的藝術(shù)鑒賞家證實(shí)”推測(cè)，該句表述的是該藝術(shù)作品是真品，C選項(xiàng)authentic“真品的”符合前后語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】這是一件經(jīng)過(guò)幾位著名藝術(shù)鑒賞家鑒定的真品。

7.單選題

Anabstractis（

）

formofanacademicarticle.Manyjournalspublishabstractssoreaderscandecideifitisworthwhiletoreadthefullversionofthearticle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concise

B.comprehensive

C.concrete

D.conceptual

【答案】A

【解析】concise簡(jiǎn)明的，簡(jiǎn)潔的；comprehensive綜合的，廣泛的；concrete具體的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是學(xué)術(shù)文章的簡(jiǎn)潔形式。許多學(xué)術(shù)期刊會(huì)刊登摘要，以便讀者決定是否值得閱讀全文。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

ThelongitudinalstudydemonstratesthatstudentswhoreceiveESL(Englishasasecondlanguage)instructionarefarbetterthanthosetaughtprimarilyintheirnativelanguage.Acomparisonofthethree-yearexitratesforstudentsinESLandbilingualprogramsshowsthatthosewhoreceiveESLinstructiontestoutfasterandinhigherpercentagesthanthosewhoreceiveinstructionintheirnativelanguage,regardlessofthegradeinwhichtheyenteredschool.Forexample,79.3percentofthechildrenwhoenteredESLprogramsinkindergartentestedout,whileonly51.5percentofthosewhoreceivedtheireducationintheirnativelanguagesdid.Likewise,72.9percentoftheLEP(limitedEnglishproficiency)studentswhoenteredprogramsinthefirstgradetestedout,whileonly38.5ofthoseinbilingualprogramsdid.ForstudentswhoenteredLEPprogramsintheninthgrade,91.6percentofthoseinnative-languageinstructionclassesstillhadn'ttestedoutafterthreeyears,ascomparedwith78.1percentofthoseinESLclasses.

Furthermore,childrenwhohadbeeninESLclassestested4higherinEnglishandmathoncetheyexitedLEPprogramsthanthosewhohadreceivednative-languageinstruction.OftheLEPstudentswhoenteredinkindergartenorthefirstgrade,49percentofthosewhohadbeeninESLclasseseventuallyreadatgradelevel,whileonly32percentofthosewhohadbeeninbilingualclassesperformedthatwell.Inmath,thestatisticsareevenmoreimpressive.Ofthechildrenwhoenteredinkindergartenorthefirstgrade,morethan69percentofthosewhohadbeeninESLclasseseventuallyperformedatgradelevelorabove,asopposedto54percentofthosewhohadbeeninbilingualclasses.

Naturally,thestudyprovokedabarrageofcriticismfromthehighlypoliticalandvocalbilinguallobby,whichpromptedtheNewYorkCityBoardofEducationtoissueapaperinNovember1994mitigatingthefindingsofthestudyandignoringthedistinctionbetweenstudentsinESLandbilingualeducationprograms.Ratherthanexitrates,thispaperfocusesontheachievementofLEPstudentsduringtheperiodinwhichtheyareinbilingualorESLclasses.TheauthorsshowthatalthoughthescoresofLEPstudentswerebelowaverageontheEnglish-languagetest,theirscoresinallareasshowedimprovement;theypointoutthatinmath,therewereinsufficientdataontheprogressofLEPstudentstodrawvalidconclusions.

However,areportoncitywidemathematicstestresultsinNewYorkinthespringof1995dealsmorefullywiththemathscoresofthe26,248studentswhowereexaminedthepreviousschoolyearinChinese,Spanish,orHaitianCreole.Accordingtothisdocument,only16.6percentofthesechildrenwereperformingatorabovegradelevelinmathematics.Althoughthisfigurerepresentsanimprovementof1.1percentoverthescoresofthepreviousyear,itdiscreditstheargumentthatnative-languageinstructionkeepsperformingatgradelevelinsubjectareareas.AlthoughLEPstudentsareimprovingfasterthanthenationalnorm,theycontinuetoperformfarbelowthenorm.

1.Thistextismainly().

2.FromParagraph1welearnthat().

3.Theauthorbelieves(Paragraph2)that().

4.ItcanbeinferredthatthepapermentionedinParagraph4().

5.AccordingtotheNY1995report,itisunbelievablethat().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areviewofESL,bilingualandLEPinstructions

B.asurveyofnewapproachestosubjectinstructions

C.aboutthemeritsofLEPeducationprogram

D.abouttheachievementsofbilingualandESLprograms

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ESLinstructioncouldteststudentsfasterthanLEPinstruction

B.LEPstudentsperformedworsethandidESLstudents

C.native-languageinstructionclassesseemedtofailutterly

D.thedataofthelongitudinalstudywerelikelytentative

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ESLchildrentestedhigherinEnglishthanLEPchildren

B.bilingualprogramsfailedthestudentsperformingwellinmath

C.themathdataarestillmorecrediblethanthoseonEnglish

D.bilingualclasseshad54%ofstudentsexitingfromgradelevel

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasdevaluedthefindingsofthelongitudinalstudy

B.hasdimmedthedifferencesbetweenstudentsindifferentprograms

C.focusesonthesubjectachievementsofLEPstudents

D.seeksouttheinsufficientpointsinthelongitudinalstudy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.agreatnumberofmultilingualstudentswereexaminedaccurately

B.native-languageinstructionkeepsperformingwellinsubjects

C.anydocumentonsubjectinstructionscandrawvalidconclusions

D.LEPstudentsareimprovingfasterthanthenationalnorm

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀察全文可發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的ESL,LEP關(guān)鍵詞,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)B。然后根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,作者花大量的篇幅進(jìn)行了ESL和LEP的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,所以選項(xiàng)A本文主要是對(duì)ESL、雙語(yǔ)和LEP的教學(xué)回顧,正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“...showsthatthosewhoreceiveESLinstructiontestoutfasterandinhigherpercentagesthanthosewhoreceiveinstructionintheirnativelanguage.”對(duì)ESL和雙語(yǔ)課程學(xué)生三年的退學(xué)率進(jìn)行比較后發(fā)現(xiàn),接受ESL教學(xué)的學(xué)生比接受母語(yǔ)教學(xué)的學(xué)生考試更快、比例更高。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“morethan69percentofthosewhohadbeeninESLclasseseventuallyperformedatgradelevelorabove,asopposedto54percentofthosewhohadbeeninbilingualclasses.”超過(guò)69%的上過(guò)ESL課程的學(xué)生最終表現(xiàn)在年級(jí)水平或以上,而相反的,上過(guò)雙語(yǔ)班的有54%的人在年級(jí)水平以下,由此推斷選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.最后一段提到的關(guān)于關(guān)于紐約全市數(shù)學(xué)考試成績(jī)的報(bào)告,它駁斥了那種認(rèn)為母語(yǔ)教學(xué)在某些領(lǐng)域一直保持年級(jí)水平的觀點(diǎn)。盡管LEP學(xué)生的進(jìn)步快于全國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但他們的表現(xiàn)仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這是指出了縱向研究中的不足之處。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“itdiscreditstheargumentthatnative-languageinstructionkeepsperformingatgradelevelinsubjectareareas.”這項(xiàng)報(bào)告駁斥了那種認(rèn)為母語(yǔ)教學(xué)在某些領(lǐng)域一直保持年級(jí)水平的觀點(diǎn)。所以選B。

9.單選題

It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause（

）heavypressureon（

）wholesocietyinthefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.a;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D./;the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞用法。第一個(gè)空格后是pressure“壓力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，句中并不特指“壓力”，因此無(wú)須使用冠詞；第二空后的是wholesociety“整個(gè)社會(huì)”，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

It’sa______timetable.Sometimelessonshappen,sometimestheydon’t.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haphazard

B.odious

C.haughty

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.haphazard偶然的；隨便的；無(wú)計(jì)劃的B.odious可憎的，討厭的

C.haughty傲慢的，自大的D.handicapped殘疾的，有生理缺陷的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空缺處部分修飾名詞timetable，并且由后文句意“有時(shí)有課，有時(shí)沒(méi)課”可知，這個(gè)時(shí)間表缺乏計(jì)劃性。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這是一個(gè)隨意的時(shí)間表。有時(shí)有課，有時(shí)沒(méi)課。

11.單選題

Hehasabadimpressionofhis______intheoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.barbers

B.audience

C.colleagues

D.bullets

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)barbers“理發(fā)師；理發(fā)店”；B選項(xiàng)audience“觀眾；聽(tīng)眾；讀者”；C選項(xiàng)colleagues“同事”；D選項(xiàng)bullets“子彈”。句意：他對(duì)辦公室里的______印象很差。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，辦公室里的是同事，C選項(xiàng)colleagues“同事”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingourfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.

3.Incountriesotherthantheirown,mostAmericans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:詞義辨析題。我們首先需要知道四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，然后代入原文分析哪一項(xiàng)是和文意相符的，A項(xiàng)“靜止”，B項(xiàng)“閃開(kāi)；躲開(kāi)”，C項(xiàng)“向前走”，D項(xiàng)“后退；保持距離”，那么我們看到原文的第二段說(shuō)到，拉美人和中東人喜歡在講話(huà)時(shí)和對(duì)方更加靠近，而這一點(diǎn)會(huì)令美國(guó)人很不舒服；那么我們可以推出美國(guó)人在面對(duì)他們的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)后退拉開(kāi)距離，保持在美國(guó)人覺(jué)得舒適的距離里進(jìn)行交談，答案為D。

第2題:作者意圖題。問(wèn)：作者給出這么多例子是為了批評(píng)美國(guó)的______。第一段指出，美國(guó)人的文化使多數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為自己不但語(yǔ)言全球通用，使用的手勢(shì)也能被別人明白，但他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這是不正確的。這實(shí)際上是一種自我中心的觀點(diǎn)。再回到原文發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段和第三段都是在說(shuō)美國(guó)的不好的，舉了很多例子，第三段第一句話(huà)確實(shí)有提到他們的隨性，但是這并不是作者本質(zhì)想要表達(dá)，作者第一段就指出，美國(guó)人對(duì)于自己的文化過(guò)于自信，以至于才會(huì)導(dǎo)致后面的這些后果，因此這一題的答案應(yīng)該是A，批評(píng)了美國(guó)人以自我文化為中心。

第3題:推斷題。題目詢(xún)問(wèn)在美國(guó)以外的國(guó)家里，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人_____。根據(jù)文章第5段“Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.（每次出國(guó)，我們一般都食宿在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的那些賓館和飯店中，人們對(duì)我們的態(tài)度和我們所獲得的信息都是由說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的本地人——通常是富人決定的。我們的生意往來(lái)，國(guó)家的外交活動(dòng)也是通過(guò)翻譯才能進(jìn)行）”，因此，A項(xiàng)的信息在文中并沒(méi)有提及；B項(xiàng)與文中所陳述的意思相符；C項(xiàng)與文章所提及的觀點(diǎn)相背；D項(xiàng)與文中所給的意思不符。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第一和倒數(shù)第二段，文章說(shuō)：多年來(lái)，美國(guó)和美國(guó)人在文化上的盲目性和語(yǔ)言的無(wú)知上還能湊合，但是現(xiàn)在不一樣了，美國(guó)已經(jīng)沒(méi)有以前那樣的統(tǒng)治力，現(xiàn)在如果美國(guó)還想在世界事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要的作用；希望在下個(gè)世紀(jì)的重要決定中占有一席之地的話(huà)，他們就必須開(kāi)始尊重別的語(yǔ)言，別的文化了，因此答案為C。

第5題:全文主旨推斷題。題目詢(xún)問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)作這篇文章是要使美國(guó)人意識(shí)到什么。作者在文章的開(kāi)篇就批評(píng)了大多數(shù)美國(guó)人心目中的一種錯(cuò)誤的文化觀，即美國(guó)的語(yǔ)言世界通用。接著又指出這種文化觀所引起的語(yǔ)言和文化上的盲目性和隨意性使美國(guó)人在世界上失去了朋友、生意和人們的尊重。美國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的領(lǐng)先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖是要美國(guó)人克服這種文化上的盲目性，了解世界的文化。因此，D項(xiàng)與作者的意圖相符。

13.單選題

When（

）atthedoor,shewasgivenawarmwelcome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appear

B.appeared

C.appearing

D.appears

【答案】C

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句與從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。此題從句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)為she，she與appear之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，選C。句意：當(dāng)她在門(mén)口出現(xiàn)時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。

14.單選題

Thosepersonswhosereligious（）heavilyreliedonrituals，suchasinfantbap-

tism,weremorelikelytosupporttheDemocrats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：那些宗教（）極為依賴(lài)諸如嬰兒洗禮等儀式的人更可能支持民主黨。A選項(xiàng)confession懺悔，承認(rèn)；B選項(xiàng)condemnation譴責(zé)，定罪；C選項(xiàng)establishment建立；D選項(xiàng)acknowledgement承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)。A選項(xiàng)confession符合句意。

15.單選題

Thepurchaseofanewmansionandabrand-newautomobilehasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkeralongwiththeirdesireofholidaysoverseas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacity

B.attraction

C.inspiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tenacity“初性；不屈不撓”；attraction“吸引；吸引人的事物”；inspiration“靈感；吸氣”；aspiration“渴望；抱負(fù)”。句意：購(gòu)買(mǎi)一個(gè)新的宅第和一輛全新的汽車(chē)，去海外度假已經(jīng)成為了新一代的白領(lǐng)工人的愿望。由alongwiththeirdesireofholidaysoverseas.中的desire可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與其意思接近，故D項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

11.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aspirant.

B.Courageous.

C.Cautious.

D.Amiable(溫和的).

【答案】B

【解析】M:Katewastheonlyonebraveenoughtospeakhermindatthemeetingtoday.

W:Yeah,alotofpeoplefeltthesameway,butweretooscaredtosayanything.Shejustvoicedtheaspirationofthem.

Q:WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKate?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話(huà)可知，Kate敢于在會(huì)議上表達(dá)自己的想法，很多人也想如此，但因害怕沉默不語(yǔ)。故選B。

17.單選題

Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的，預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)prone“有…傾向的”；C選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的，挑撥的，氣人的”；D選項(xiàng)promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演講很氣人，引起了許多憤怒的評(píng)論。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

I’mactingas______whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)agency“（尤指）代理機(jī)構(gòu)，經(jīng)銷(xiāo)機(jī)構(gòu)；（政府的）專(zhuān)門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)”；B選項(xiàng)policy“政策”；C選項(xiàng)deputy“副手；代理人”；D選項(xiàng)colleague“同事”。句意：經(jīng)理出差時(shí)，由我______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指經(jīng)理不在的時(shí)候，我來(lái)完成他的工作，C選項(xiàng)deputy“副手；代理人”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

ProfessorHawkingis（）asoneoftheworld’sgreatestlivingphysicists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dignified

B.clarified

C.acknowledged

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】dignify使高貴，授予榮譽(yù)；clarify澄清，闡明；acknowledge承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；illustrate闡明，舉例。句意：霍金教授被公認(rèn)是當(dāng)今世界上最偉大的物理學(xué)家之一。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituter