考研考博-英語-東北師范大學(xué)人文學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北師范大學(xué)人文學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問題1選項

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質(zhì)，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質(zhì)，特性。句意：他年輕時的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊，而且對他的妻子也是一樣。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere（

）bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問題1選項

A.distracted

B.displaced

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項distract“轉(zhuǎn)移；分心”；B選項displace“取代；置換；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項disperse“分散；傳播”；D選項discard“拋棄；丟棄”。句意：盡管我們努力集中精力聽演講，但還是被隔壁房間的噪音……了。句中存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞，表明前后方向改變，前半句說“集中精力”，后半句則是噪音讓我們“無法集中精力”。綜合分析選項可知A選項正確。

3.單選題

Depressed,overworkedand______bythosepeoplewhomheowedmoneyto,hedecidedtoputanendtohisproblems.

問題1選項

A.bewitched

B.bewildered

C.besmirched

D.beset

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項bewitched“（使）鬼迷心竅；（使）著迷，陶醉”；B選項bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C選項besmirched“弄臟；誹謗，玷污”；D選項beset“困擾；鑲嵌；圍繞”。句意：他情緒低落，工作過度，被那些欠他錢的人所困擾，他決定做個了結(jié)。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

ProfessorSmithhasalreadyretired,buthisteachingsstill（）stronginfluenceonhisstudents.

問題1選項

A.execute

B.forsake

C.exert

D.forge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。execute“實行，執(zhí)行；處死”；forsake“放棄”；exert“運用，發(fā)揮；施以影響”；forge“鍛造”。句意：Smith教授已經(jīng)退休了，但是他的教導(dǎo)依然在他的學(xué)生中產(chǎn)生重大影響。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問題1選項

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項appliance“器具，器械”；B選項accessory“配件，附件”；C選項machine“機器”；D選項mechanism“機制，原理，途徑”。句意：應(yīng)該有一種安全_____使火車不可能相撞。這里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全機制”，因此D選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.

Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?

Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.

Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.

So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”

Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”

Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.

Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?

3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?

4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?

5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.

問題1選項

A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.

B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.

C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.

D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.

問題2選項

A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.

B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.

C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.

D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.

問題3選項

A.iaHgnahs

B.19730508

C.2B/not2B

D.Re-B,pl2

問題4選項

A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.

B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.

C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.

D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.

問題5選項

A.Fixed

B.Granted

C.Supposed

D.Presented

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：這篇文章的主旨是？這文章全文是關(guān)于“密碼”。文章第一段就出現(xiàn)了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何選擇既安全又簡單易記的密碼。后面的內(nèi)容對這個問題做出了回答，所以選項D“如何選擇一個安全方便的密碼”正確。A選項“如何通過密碼加強安全性”，是文章第五段的主要內(nèi)容。B選項“如何選擇一個容易記住的密碼”，是文章第六段的主要內(nèi)容。C選項“如何防止你的密碼被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要內(nèi)容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干：為什么我們不能用一個在任何字典里都能找到的詞作為密碼呢?由題干定位到第四段第三、四、五句話Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.（最后，不要使用任何詞典中都能找到的詞，即使是外語詞典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含單詞，地名，和來自所有的語言的專有名稱。比較簡單的計算機程序能夠很快地破譯這類密碼，比如它們是倒寫、大寫還是組合。），所以本題B選項“因為計算機程序可以破解它”，符合題意。A選項“因為電腦黑客很容易記住它”，是因為容易被破解所以不能用，并沒有提到是否容易記憶，A選項排除。C選項“因為電腦黑客會下定決心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客會下決心破解，所以C選項不符合題意。D選項“因為單詞表是如此之大以至于單詞不容易記住”，在文中并沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

3.推理判斷題。如果你正在為你的電腦選擇一個密碼，以下哪個是最好的選擇?根據(jù)第四段第一句話Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.（另外，如果可能的話，不要使用完全由字母或數(shù)字組成的密碼。），可排除A和B選項。這篇文章的最后一句講到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.（無論你決定選擇什么密碼，不要采用上面提到的任何一個例子。），而C選項正是文章所給的例子，所以排除。所以只有D選項，有不同種類的符號、數(shù)字、橫線等的組合，才是最好的選擇。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干：如何選擇既安全又容易記憶的密碼呢？根據(jù)文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter（還有建議就是使用兩個簡短的單詞，并用標點符號將它們連接起來），可知D選項“用兩個簡短的單詞連上一個標點符號”，符合題意。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.（有人建議你用最喜歡的書或電影的標題，或一首歌曲或一首詩的臺詞，把每個單詞的首字母作為你的密碼，加上大寫字母、標點符號或其他字符。），可知，A選項“選你最喜歡的書或電影的名字”和B選項“從你最喜歡的歌或詩中選取一句”，都不全面，選擇書或者電影名字會容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正確。C選項“編了一個在任何字典里都找不到的無意義的詞”，隨便編出來的沒有意義的詞會很容易忘記，所以C選項排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

5.推理判斷題。題干：第二段的“Given”，可以由單詞________替代。由題干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?（據(jù)估計，在10年內(nèi)，消費者可能要處理100多個密碼！考慮到密碼的流行，你如何選擇一個足夠復(fù)雜的安全而又足夠簡單的記憶密碼呢?），A選項“確定，固定”，B選項“授予，允許”，C選項“假定，設(shè)想”，D選項“提出，提供”。文章是對10年后情況的推測，所以應(yīng)該選擇C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Suddenlythedailyfearanduncertainty（）intofull-scaleterror,andtheshipechoedwithscreams.

問題1選項

A.evaporated

B.escalated

C.evacuated

D.exaggerated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。evaporate“蒸發(fā)，使脫水”；escalate“升級”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸張，夸大”。句意：突然，平時的恐懼和不確定性升級為徹底的恐懼，船上回響著尖叫聲。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thebrainistotallydependentontheoxygen（）byitsbloodsupply,andbraincellswilldieifdeprivedofoxygenformorethanafewminutes.

問題1選項

A.produced

B.picked

C.conducted

D.conveyed

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析。produce“生產(chǎn)”；pick“選擇”;conduct“組織，實施，進行”；convey“傳達；運輸”。句意：大腦完全依靠血液供應(yīng)中______的氧氣，如果缺氧超過幾分鐘，腦細胞就會死亡?？崭裉幩畹膭釉~用來說明氧氣與血液供給的關(guān)系，顯然血液是不可能”生產(chǎn)”“選擇”或者”組織”氧氣的，只能是”傳送”，因此選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded（）:“No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”

問題1選項

A.ambiguously

B.implicitly

C.unhesitatingly

D.optimistically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。ambiguously“含糊不清地”；implicitly“暗含地”；unhesitatingly“毫不猶豫地”；optimistically“樂觀地”。句意：當我問道一位黑人政治家能否在法國贏得選舉，他毫不猶豫地說：“不，在這兒情況完全不一樣”。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Theartisthasmadea()ofcombiningthefirst-ratephotographyanddesignwithadvancedtechnologyineverypieceofworkheproduces.

問題1選項

A.discipline

B.principle

C.proposal

D.principal

【答案】A

【解析】discipline學(xué)科，紀律，訓(xùn)練，懲罰；principle原則，原理；proposal建議，提議；principal首長，校長。句意：這位藝術(shù)家在他的每一件作品中都把一流的攝影和設(shè)計與先進的技術(shù)結(jié)合起來。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,which（）tohissuccessinlaterlife.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.attributed

C.contributed

D.districted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他年輕時在學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)，這對他晚年的成功有幫助。

考查短語辨析。Contributeto有助于，產(chǎn)生，對…有幫助。

12.單選題

HissuccessfulnegotiationwiththeFrenchdelegationhelpedto（）hispositioninthegovernment.

問題1選項

A.contrive

B.consolidate

C.heave

D.intensify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項contrive“設(shè)計；發(fā)明；圖謀”；B選項consolidate“鞏固，使固定；聯(lián)合”；C選項heave“舉起；使起伏；發(fā)出（嘆息等）”；D選項intensify“使加強，使強化；使變激烈”。句意：他與法國代表團的成功談判幫助鞏固了他在政府機關(guān)中的地位。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

13.單選題

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn’tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditadisproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe"SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility,itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Bytheturnofthecentury,thatfigurewillgrowto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe2%.Theproblemisnotoldage.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson'sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotrevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsianCareandsupportforone'sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone'sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren,ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparent.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheageD.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren’tgettingrelativessupport?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptableandwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitisunjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill'seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

First,itwillreaffirmthenotionthatitiseachindividuals-notsociety's—responsibilitylookafterhisparents.SingaporeisstillconservativeenoughthatmostpeoplewillnotobjecttothisideA.Itreinforcesthetraditionalvaluesanditdoesn’thurtasocietynowandthentoreminditselfofitscorevalues.

Second,andmoreimportantitwillmakethosewhoareinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilitiesthinktwice.Untilnow,ifapersonaskedfamilyelders,clergymenortheministryofcommunityDevelopmenttohelpgetfinancialsupportfromhischildren,themosttheycoulddowastomediate.Butmediatorshavenoteeth,andachildcouldsimplyignoretheirpleas.

Buttobesuedbyone'sparentswouldbeamassivelossofface.ItwouldbeapublicdisgraceFewpeoplewouldbesothick-skinnedastosay:SueandbedamneD.ThehandoftheconciliatorwouldbeimmeasurablystrengtheneD.Itisfarmorelikelythatsomesortofamicablesettlementwouldbereachediftherecalcitrantsonordaughterknowsthatthealternativeisapublictrial.

ItwouldbenicetothinkthatSingaporedoesn'tneedthiskindoflaw.Butthatbeliefignoresthecleardemographictrendsandtheeffectofaffluenceitselfontraditionalbonds.Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmostsuccessfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.

1.ThemaintenanceofParentsBill（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues（）.

4.Theauthorthinksthatifthebillbecomeslawitseffectwouldbe（）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoimplythatsuccessoftheBilldependsupon（）.

問題1選項

A.receivedallpeople'ssupportintheSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

問題2選項

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstomaintaintheirchildren

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwassetupin1990

問題3選項

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblem

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

問題4選項

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.unclear

問題5選項

A.strictenforcement

B.publicsupport

C.governmentassurance

D.filialawareness

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第一句“ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”，中文翻譯：“本月，新加坡通過了一項法案，賦予贍養(yǎng)父母的道義義務(wù)以法律效力?！币虼?，綜合考慮，選項D為正確答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.”，中文翻譯：“法律可以強迫一個父親撫養(yǎng)他的孩子。”因此最佳答案為B選項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.”，中文翻譯：“贍養(yǎng)父母法案是為了鼓勵傳統(tǒng)美德，這些美德至今使亞洲國家遠離其他富裕社會遭遇到的衰敗?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.”中文翻譯為：如果它真的成為法律，法案的效果將會更加微妙?！币约昂笪淖髡邔懙蕾狆B(yǎng)父母是個人的責(zé)任，并非社會的責(zé)任，但是有些人礙于情面，不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問題，可知，A項符合題目描述。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文最后一句“Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmostsuccessfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.”，中文翻譯為：“我們這些推動該法案的人將認為，如果它能作為一種激勵，使其在一開始就不被動用，那么自己是最成功的。”因此綜合可知，D選項是其主要原因。

14.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問題1選項

A.impressions

B.foundations

C.complications

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impressions“印象，效果”；B選項foundations“基礎(chǔ)，地基”；C選項complications“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”；D選項conceptions“概念，設(shè)想”。句意：來自不同文化的人對世界有不同的（）。本句表示“不同的人對世界有不同的印象”。因此A選項符合題意。

15.單選題

（）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.

問題1選項

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句的倒裝。句意：雖然他周末很想和朋友們出去，但他不得不留下來完成作業(yè)。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示盡管時，要將賓語或副詞倒裝，muchas表示盡管很……，因此B選項正確。

16.單選題

Childrenare（）tohavesomeaccidentsastheygrowup.

問題1選項

A.obvious

B.bound

C.indispensable

D.doubtless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項obvious“明顯的；顯著的；平淡無奇的”；B選項bound“受約束的；被……限制的”；C選項indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的”；D選項doubtless“無疑的”。句意：孩子們在成長過程中……會發(fā)生一些意外。本題還需要注意的是搭配，beboundto表示“必然”符合本句句意。

17.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】詞匯題。

disclosure披露,

揭發(fā)；exhibition展覽,

顯示；contact接觸,

聯(lián)系；exposure暴露,

曝光。句意：過度暴露在x射線下會導(dǎo)致皮膚灼傷、癌癥或?qū)ι眢w造成其他傷害。選項D符合句意。

18.翻譯題

Theirrationalfearspeopleexpresstodayaboutcloningparallelthosesurroundingroboticshalfacenturyago.SoIwouldliketoproposeThreeLawofCloningthatalsoclarifythreemisunderstandings:1.Ahumancloneisahumanbeingnolessuniqueinhisorherpersonhoodthananidenticaltwin.2.Ahumanclonehasalltherightsandprivilegesthataccompanythislegalandmoralstatus.3.Ahumancloneistobeaccordedthedignityandrespectdueanymemberofyourspecies.Althoughsuchsimplificationsriskerasingtherichdifferencesfoundinethicaldebatesoverpioneeringresearch,theydoaidinreducingridiculousfearsoftenassociatedwithsuchadvances.

【答案】人們今天對克隆所表現(xiàn)出的非理性恐懼與50年前人們對機器人表現(xiàn)出的恐懼類似。因此我提出三個關(guān)于克隆的觀點來澄清三個誤解：1、克隆人也是人，他的個性就像同卵孿生子一樣。2、克隆人擁有與這種法律和道德地位伴隨的所有權(quán)利和特權(quán)。3、克隆人應(yīng)該被給予應(yīng)有的尊嚴和尊重，就像你對待其它成員一樣。盡管這類簡化冒著消除有關(guān)前沿研究的道德爭論的復(fù)雜性，但是的確有助于減少有關(guān)的荒謬的恐懼。

19.單選題

Contagiousyawningisthoughttobeanevolvedmechanismforkeepinggroupsalertsotheyremainvigilantagainstdanger.

問題1選項

A.watchful

B.incontinent

C.stifled

D.vigorous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.watchful注意的；警惕的B.incontinent（大小便）失禁的

C.stifled壓制D.vigorous充滿活力的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，for和so都是表示原因，那么推知forkeepinggroupsalert與sotheyremainvigilantagainstdanger是相近的意思，alert在這表示“警覺，警惕”，同樣vigilant也表示“警惕”，所以A項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】傳染性打哈欠被認為是一種進化的機制，以保持群體的警惕，從而保持對危險的警惕。

20.翻譯題

GlobalwarmingcouldtransformlargepartsofAfrica:shiftingrains,spreadingmalariaandotherinsectbornediseases,evenchangingthesizeoftheSaharaDesert.

Yet,thebulkoftheworld'sclimateforecastinghasbeenconcentratedonthoseregionsthathostthesupercomputersthatcandoit:theU.S.,Europeandtherestofthedevelopedworld.

That’ssettochange.Meetingforjustthethirdtimesince1979,theWorldClimateConferenceestablishedaframeworklastweekforextendingscience-basedclimatepredictionstoall.Thinktheweatherforecast,onlylarger.

Thisconferenceisfamousfor,amongotherthings,creatingtheInternationalPanelonClimateChange,whosereportshavewarnedtheworldofacceleratingclimatechange.Thegoalofthisnewframeworkistobetterenableallcountriestoadapttothatfutureclimate.Tothatend,itcallsforexpandedobservationsoftheglobalclimate,publicaccesstoclimatedata,moreclimatepredictionresearchandanewClimateServicesInformationSystem.Thiswillprovidelocalgovernmentswithexpectedchangestowaterresources,agriculture,fisheries,forests,evenhealth.

Ofcourse,climatepredictionswillalsoguideadaptationtoawarmerglobe,andevenpotentiallyprovideearlywarningsfornaturaldisasters.Buttheywon'tbeperfect.AsRobertHeinleinsaid,climateiswhatyouexpect,weatheriswhatyouget.

【答案】【參考譯文】

全球變暖可能會改變非洲的大部分地區(qū)：使雨帶轉(zhuǎn)移，傳播瘧疾和其他昆蟲傳播疾病，甚至改變?nèi)龉衬拇笮　?/p>

然而，世界上大部分能對氣候進行預(yù)測的地區(qū)都集中在擁有超級計算機的地區(qū)：美國、歐洲和其他發(fā)達國家。

這種情況肯定是要改變的。自從1979年以來，世界氣候會議才召開了三次，為了讓科學(xué)的氣候預(yù)報擴展到所有的國家，世界氣候會議上周為此確立了一個框架協(xié)議。以后想到天氣預(yù)報，其預(yù)報范圍可能要大一些了。

這次會議出名是因為成立了國際氣候變化委員會，這個委員會對全球氣候加速提出了警告。這個新框架的目標是使所有國家更好地適應(yīng)未來的氣候。為此，它呼吁擴大對全球氣候的觀測，讓公眾獲得氣候數(shù)據(jù)，開展更多的氣候預(yù)測研究，并建立一個新的氣候服務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)。這將為地方政府提供水資源、農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)、甚至健康的預(yù)期變化。

當然，氣候預(yù)測也將指導(dǎo)如何人們適應(yīng)全球變暖，甚至可能為自然災(zāi)害提供早期預(yù)警。但這不會是完美的。正如羅伯特?海因萊因（RobertHeinlein）所說，你預(yù)測的是氣候，而你經(jīng)歷的是天氣。

21.單選題

Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour（

）viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.

問題1選項

A.distressing

B.optimistic

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。distressing意為“使人痛苦的，令人苦惱的”；optimistic意為“樂觀的，樂觀主義的”；indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；pessimistic意為“悲觀的，厭世的”。

句意：鑒于剛剛傳來的悲慘消息，我恐怕你要你改變你樂觀的想法了。

22.單選題

Howbesttosolvethepollutionproblemsofacitysunksodeepwithinsulfurouscloudsthatitwasdescribedashellonearth?Simplyanswered:Relocateallurbansmoke-creatingindustryandencirclethemetropolisofLondonwithsweetlyscentedflowersandeleganthedges.

Infact,asChristineL.Corton,aCambridgescholar,revealsinhernewbook,LondonFog,thisfragrantanti-smokeschemewasthebrainchildofJohnEvelyn,the17th-centurydiarist.KingCharlesIIwassaidtobemuchpleasedwithEvelyn’sidea,andabillagainstthesmokynuisancewasdulydrafted.Thennothingwasdone.Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.

Andyetit’sasurprisetodiscoverhowbelovedafeatureofLondonlifethesemulticoloredfogsbecame.Apainter,ClaudeMonet,fleeingbesiegedParisin1870,fellinlovewithLondon’svaporous,mutatingclouds.Helookeduponthefamiliarmistashisreliablecollaborator.Visitorsfromabroadmayhavedelightedinthefog,buthomegrownartistslitcandlesandvainlyscrubbedthegrimefromtheirgloom-filledstudiowindows.“Giveuslight!”FredericLeightonpleadedtotheguestsataLordMayor’sbanquetin1882,beggingthemtohavepityonthepoorpainter.

ThemoreserioussideofCorton’sbookdocumentshowbusinesshastakenprecedenceoverhumanitywhereLondon’shistoryofpollutionisconcerned.Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.Thosewhocouldafforditlivedelsewhere.Theeastwasabandonedtotheunderclass.LordPalmerstonspokeupforchokingEastEndersinthe1850s,pointingafingerattheinterestsofthefurnaceowners.Abillwaspassed,buttherewaslittlechange.Eventually,anotherconnectionwasestablished:betweenLondon’sperpetualveilofsmoganditscitizens’cozilysmolderinggrates.Sadly,popularWorldWarIsongsdidn’tdomuchtoencouragetheadoptionofsmokelessfuel.

Itwasn’tuntilwhatcametobeknownasthe“GreatKillerFog”of1952thatthecasualtyratebecameimpossibletoignoreandtheBritishpressfinallytookupthecause.ItwaslefttoaMemberofParliamenttosteertheCleanAirActintolawin1956.Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbe