考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)legal“法律的；合法的”；B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則，法規(guī)”；C選項(xiàng)limitation“起限制作用的規(guī)則（limitationsonimports進(jìn)口限制）”；D選項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)定，協(xié)議”。句意：艾倫是一個優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動員，從不違反______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是艾倫從不違反足球比賽的規(guī)則，B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則”符合題意。C選項(xiàng)limitation強(qiáng)調(diào)的是限制，不符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

改革開放以來，中國找到了一條適合自己國情的促進(jìn)和發(fā)展人權(quán)的道路。中國是一個歷史悠久、人口眾多、資源和財富相對短缺的東方發(fā)展中國家。在這樣一個國家促進(jìn)人權(quán)，既不能照搬西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的人權(quán)發(fā)展模式，也不能因襲其他發(fā)展中國家的做法，只能從中國的國情出發(fā)，探索具有自身特點(diǎn)的發(fā)展道路。改革開放以后，中國在總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上，找到了一條真正符合中國國情的促進(jìn)人權(quán)發(fā)展的道路。這就是：將生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)放在首位，在改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的條件下，全面推進(jìn)人權(quán)。這條道路的特點(diǎn)是：在發(fā)展人權(quán)的基本方向上，堅持發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力和共同富裕的原則，立足于改善全國人民的生活和促進(jìn)全國人民人權(quán)的發(fā)展。在促進(jìn)人權(quán)的輕重緩急上，強(qiáng)調(diào)生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的首要地位，同時兼顧公民的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化權(quán)利和個人、集體權(quán)利的全面發(fā)展；在促進(jìn)和保障人權(quán)的方式上，強(qiáng)調(diào)穩(wěn)定是前提，發(fā)展是關(guān)鍵，改革是動力，法制是保障。20多年來，由于中國堅持了這條正確的發(fā)展道路，不僅使全國人民的生活狀況和精神風(fēng)貌大為改觀，而且形成了一整套比較完備的保障人民民主權(quán)利的政治制度和法律體系，從而使人權(quán)建設(shè)在制度化、法律化的軌道上取得了長足的進(jìn)展，人權(quán)狀況呈現(xiàn)出不斷改善的良好態(tài)勢。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahasfoundaroadforthepromotionanddevelopmentofhumanrightsthatsuitsitsreality.ChinaisanOrientaldevelopingcountrywithalonghistory,alargepopulationandrelativelyscarceresourcesandwealth.Topromotehumanrightsinsuchacountry,ChinamustneitherimitateindiscriminatelyWesterncountries’developmentmodeofhumanrightsnorfollowotherdevelopingcountries’methodsbutstartfromChina’sactualconditionsandexplorearoadwithitsowncharacteristics.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahas,onthebasisofsumminguphistoricalexperiencesanddrawinglessonsfromthem,foundawaytobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthereforehasfoundawaytopromoteanddevelophumanrightsthatisagreeabletoChina’sreality.Thismeansputtingtherighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentinthefirstplaceandpushingforwardhumanrightsinanall?roundwayundertheconditionsofreform,developmentandstability.Thefeaturesofthisroadaretoadheretotheprincipleofdevelopingproductiveforcesandpromotingcommonprosperity,basedonimprovingthelifeofpeoplealloverChinaandpromotingthedevelopmentofhumanrightsofalltheChinesepeopleintermsofthebasicorientationofdevelopinghumanrights.Asfortheorderofimportanceandurgencyofdevelopinghumanrights,therighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentshouldbeputinthefirstplaceandinthemeantime,considerationshouldbegiventodevelopinginanall-roundwaycitizens’political,economic,socialandculturalrightsaswellasindividualandcollectiverights.Asforthewayofpromotingandguaranteeinghumanrights,itshouldbeemphasizedthatstabilityistheprerequisite;developmentisthecrux;reformisthedrivingforce;andgovernmentaccordingtolawistheguarantee.Overthepasttwodecades,China’sadherencetothiscorrectroadtodevelopmenthasledtonotonlytheimprovementofChinesepeople’slivingconditionsandtheirmoralebutalsotheformationofawholesetofrelativelycompletepoliticalandlegalsystemsensuringpeople’sdemocraticrights.Thus,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinputtinghumanrightsintoalegalandinstitutionalframework,andChina’shumanrightsdevelopmenthasbeenimprovingincessantly.

3.單選題

（）whathasbeensaid，itisunlikethatpopulationgrowthwillbehalted，eitherinthedevelopedorintheundevelopedworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inviewof

B.Onbehalfof

C.Forthesakeof

D.Withtheexceptionof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組解析。inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；onbehalfof“代表，為了”；forthesakeof“由

于，因?yàn)椤?；withtheexceptionof“除了……以外”。句意：考慮到他所說的，無論是在發(fā)達(dá)國家還是在發(fā)展中國家，人口增長似乎不會停止。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項(xiàng)surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項(xiàng)guidance表示“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動或行動過程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testinginAmericaofV.me,a“digitalwallet”thatholdsmultiplepaymentcards,inavirtualrepository(容器).1.Insteadofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailandcardnumberstopayforstuffonline,customersjustenterausernameandapassword.TheserviceisprovidedbyVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoseheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,closetoahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpaymentsbusiness.

TheshorttermnewtechnologyisactuallyboostingusageofplasticSmartphoneappsoftenrequireuserstoentertheircarddetailstopayforservices.FirmssuchasSquareandPayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusingtheirfewertoacceptpaymentscheaply.EdMcLaughlin,whooverseesemergingpaymentstechnologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessesoverthepast12monthstothecardfirmslistofmerchants.

2.Butevenifplasticcardseventuallygothewayofvinylrecords(黑膠唱片),cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecausetheytooareinvestingheavilyinnewtechnologyandhaveseveralbuilt-inadvantages.VisaisbettinghasmemberbanscanhelpittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofe-Bayandhasgrownto11mactiveusers,thanksinparttoitsuseontheauctionsite.Over50financialinstitutionsaresupportingthelaunchofV.me,whichacceptsnon-visacardsinitswallet,tooMasterCardandothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandticketsaswellascarddetails.

Beforelongallofthesewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,whichcanbeusedtobuythingsinstoresandotherplaces.ThisiswherefirmssuchasSquare,whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-usemobilewalletandGooglehavebeenfocusingplentyofenergy.JenniferSchulz,Visa’sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbeashake-outthatleavesonlyafewwalletprovidersstanding.Thankstotheirtrustedbrands,bigbudgetsandpaymentssavvy(機(jī)智，悟性),oneormorecardcompanieswillbeamongthem.

Cardnetworksarealsotakingstakesininnovativefirmstokeepaneyeonpotentiallydisruptivetechnologies.Visaownspartofsquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentserviceavailablein7,000ofthecoffeechainoutletsinAmerica,VisahasalsoinvestedinMonitise,amobile-bankingspecialist.AmericanExpress,foritspart,hassetupa$100mdigital-commercefund,oneofwhoseinvestmentsisiniZettle,aSquare-likefirmbasedinSweden.

Sofarfewhavetriedtocreatenewpaymentssystemsfromscratch.Thosethathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchasISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainfultodealwithregulators,setupanti-fraudsystemsandsoforth.Fearsaboutthesecurityofnew-fangledpaymentsystemsalsoplayintothehandsofestablishedcardfirms.

Still,theycannotrelax.BryanKeane,ananalystatDeutscheRank,pointsoutrivaldigitalwalletscouldpromotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstorevaluecardsanddirectbank-account-to-bank-accountpayments3.BigretailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreatetheirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytopromptuserstochoosethepaymentoptionsthatarecheapestforthechainsbyofferingthemincentiveslikecoupons.

JackDorsey,thebossofSquareandaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvariouspaymentoptionsclearertoconsumerandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.“Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago”,hesays,“andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovationssince”4.Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibble(狡辯)withthatbutonethingtheycanallagreeonisthatspreadofmobilepaymentswillbringmaymorecustomers.MasterCard'sMr.McLaughlinclaimsthat85%ofcommercestillinvolvescashandcheck.Asmobilepurchasestakeoff,moreofthisactivitywillmoveonline.

5.Thebiggestprizeofallliesinemergingmarkets,wherealackoffinancialinfrastructureishasteningtheriseofphone-basedpaymentssystemsuchasM-PesawhichservesKenyaandseveralothermarket.VisahassnappedupFandom,whichspecializesinpaymentservetotheunbankedandunder-bankedinemergingmarkets;MasterCardhassetupajointventurecalledWandawithTelefonica,aSpanishtelecomfirm,whichaimtomobilepaymentsacrossLatinAmerica.Thepaymentsworldischangingfastbutthecardfirmsarenotabouttoletrivalsswipetheirbusiness.

【答案】1.顧客只需要輸入用戶名和密碼，而不是提供他們個人信息和卡號來進(jìn)行在線支付。

2.但是盡管信用卡最終會重蹈黑膠唱片的覆轍，信用卡網(wǎng)絡(luò)會依然繁榮，因?yàn)樗麄円舱罅ν顿Y新技術(shù)，并且存在一些內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢。

3.美國大型零售商聯(lián)合起來創(chuàng)建了他們自己的數(shù)字錢包，并且可能通過提供優(yōu)惠券等鼓勵措施促使用戶選擇對他們聯(lián)營企業(yè)來說最實(shí)惠的支付方式。

4.一些支付領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的信用卡公司可能會對此有所狡辯，但是他們共同贊成的一件事情是移動支付的普及將帶來更多的客戶。

5.移動支付帶來的最大好處在于新興市場，在這個市場中，金融設(shè)施的缺乏促進(jìn)了手機(jī)支付系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，如服務(wù)于肯尼亞和其他幾個市場的M-Pesa移動錢包服務(wù)。

6.單選題

Ifsheisstupid,she’s（）pleasanttolookat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atanyrate“無論如何，至少”；bychance“偶然，意外地”；ataloss“困惑不解”；bytheway“順便說說，順便問一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn’tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditadisproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe"SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility,itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Bytheturnofthecentury,thatfigurewillgrowto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe2%.Theproblemisnotoldage.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson'sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotrevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsianCareandsupportforone'sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone'sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren,ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparent.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheageD.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren’tgettingrelativessupport?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptableandwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitisunjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill'seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

First,itwillreaffirmthenotionthatitiseachindividuals-notsociety's—responsibilitylookafterhisparents.SingaporeisstillconservativeenoughthatmostpeoplewillnotobjecttothisideA.Itreinforcesthetraditionalvaluesanditdoesn’thurtasocietynowandthentoreminditselfofitscorevalues.

Second,andmoreimportantitwillmakethosewhoareinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilitiesthinktwice.Untilnow,ifapersonaskedfamilyelders,clergymenortheministryofcommunityDevelopmenttohelpgetfinancialsupportfromhischildren,themosttheycoulddowastomediate.Butmediatorshavenoteeth,andachildcouldsimplyignoretheirpleas.

Buttobesuedbyone'sparentswouldbeamassivelossofface.ItwouldbeapublicdisgraceFewpeoplewouldbesothick-skinnedastosay:SueandbedamneD.ThehandoftheconciliatorwouldbeimmeasurablystrengtheneD.Itisfarmorelikelythatsomesortofamicablesettlementwouldbereachediftherecalcitrantsonordaughterknowsthatthealternativeisapublictrial.

ItwouldbenicetothinkthatSingaporedoesn'tneedthiskindoflaw.Butthatbeliefignoresthecleardemographictrendsandtheeffectofaffluenceitselfontraditionalbonds.Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmostsuccessfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.

1.ThemaintenanceofParentsBill（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues（）.

4.Theauthorthinksthatifthebillbecomeslawitseffectwouldbe（）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoimplythatsuccessoftheBilldependsupon（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedallpeople'ssupportintheSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstomaintaintheirchildren

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwassetupin1990

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblem

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.unclear

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.strictenforcement

B.publicsupport

C.governmentassurance

D.filialawareness

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第一句“ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”，中文翻譯：“本月，新加坡通過了一項(xiàng)法案，賦予贍養(yǎng)父母的道義義務(wù)以法律效力?！币虼耍C合考慮，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.”，中文翻譯：“法律可以強(qiáng)迫一個父親撫養(yǎng)他的孩子。”因此最佳答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.”，中文翻譯：“贍養(yǎng)父母法案是為了鼓勵傳統(tǒng)美德，這些美德至今使亞洲國家遠(yuǎn)離其他富裕社會遭遇到的衰敗?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.”中文翻譯為：如果它真的成為法律，法案的效果將會更加微妙?！币约昂笪淖髡邔懙蕾狆B(yǎng)父母是個人的責(zé)任，并非社會的責(zé)任，但是有些人礙于情面，不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問題，可知，A項(xiàng)符合題目描述。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文最后一句“Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmostsuccessfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.”，中文翻譯為：“我們這些推動該法案的人將認(rèn)為，如果它能作為一種激勵，使其在一開始就不被動用，那么自己是最成功的?！币虼司C合可知，D選項(xiàng)是其主要原因。

8.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.

Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?

I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.

III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue

D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一個令人發(fā)指的建議，政府應(yīng)為考古學(xué)提供資金，并減少非法挖掘的數(shù)量。）”。A選項(xiàng)“博物館文物陳列的替代品”；B選項(xiàng)“在有益于考古行業(yè)的同時遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“區(qū)分有科學(xué)價值和沒有科學(xué)價值的文物的方法”；D選項(xiàng)“政府對考古遺址的管制”。聯(lián)系全文可知B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至沒有足夠的錢來整理這些發(fā)現(xiàn)；結(jié)果，它們再也找不到了，變得像從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)過一樣難以接近。）”。A選項(xiàng)“博物館官員很少允許學(xué)者接觸這些文物”；

B選項(xiàng)“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空間用于存儲”；C選項(xiàng)“在發(fā)掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物往往彼此分離”；D選項(xiàng)“這類工件通常保持未編目狀態(tài)，因此一旦放入存儲中就無法定位”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建議，科學(xué)的考古考察和政府當(dāng)局在公開市場上出售發(fā)掘出來的文物。這種銷售將為挖掘和保存考古遺址以及公布結(jié)果提供大量資金。）”。A選項(xiàng)“潛在購買者更愿意購買經(jīng)過認(rèn)證的文物”；B選項(xiàng)“非法挖掘文物的價格會上漲”；C選項(xiàng)“計算機(jī)可以用來追蹤出售的文物”；D選項(xiàng)“出售經(jīng)過鑒定的文物所得的錢可以用來調(diào)查和起訴非法挖掘者”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但對這種秘密產(chǎn)品的需求將大大減少。）”由此可知復(fù)制的工件會供過于求，于是這些工件會大量涌現(xiàn)，最終會導(dǎo)致對這些暢銷品的需求下降。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型發(fā)掘中，考古學(xué)家最近在一個院子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了2000個幾乎無法辨認(rèn)的小陶罐。）”，由此可推斷出塞浦路斯可能會成為復(fù)制品的主要市場來源。A選項(xiàng)“非法挖掘最終將完全停止”說法太過絕對化，文章并未提到完全終止。B選項(xiàng)“考古學(xué)家將能夠比現(xiàn)在更頻繁地公布他們的發(fā)掘成果”，如果復(fù)制工件合法化，考古學(xué)家會更愿意公開他們的挖掘成果。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow_______forit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neverworse

B.nonethebetter

C.nonetheworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“從來沒有更糟的”；B選項(xiàng)“沒有更好”；C選項(xiàng)“沒有更差”；D選項(xiàng)“從來沒有這么好”。句意：這個可憐的女孩在醫(yī)院里住了半年多，但現(xiàn)在_______。根據(jù)語境，這里指女孩在醫(yī)院待了很久，病情沒有好轉(zhuǎn)，所以B選項(xiàng)“沒有更好”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills.Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredorrentedatthelowestpossiblecost,whichisamuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerial