非裔美國(guó)人民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)3 (恢復(fù))

1、A. What is the black power movement ?B. What was the background ?C. Big events timeline and great figures.D. What was the content of it?E. What was the result or the impact of it? What is the black power movement ? The black power movement (also called the African-American Civil Rights Movement)(195

2、51968) refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing（宣布為非法）racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights to them in the Southern states. It was a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans

3、. The movement has had a lasting impact on United States society, in its tactics, the increased social and legal acceptance of civil rights.What was the background?After white dominated Democratic Party regained political control over the South. The Republic Party-the “Party of Lincoln”-which had be

4、en the party that most blacks belonged to ，shrank to insignificance, black voter registration(黑人選民登記) was suppressed. By the early 20th century, almost all elected officials in the South were Democrats.During the same time as African Americans were being disfranchised（被剝奪公民權(quán)）, white Democrats impose

5、d racial segregation by law. Violence against blacks mushroomed（迅速增加）. A movement was brewing（醞釀）.The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience（違抗） produced crisis situations between activists and gover

6、nment authorities. Federal, state, and local governments, businesses, and communities often had to respond immediately to these situations that highlighted the inequities faced by African Americans. Forms of protest and civil disobedience included boycotts（抵制）, “sit-ins” （靜坐）,marches（游行示威） and a wid

7、e range of other nonviolent activities.Big events and important figures1955- Rosa Parks (the mother of the Civil Rights Movement) refused to get up out of her seat on a public bus to make room for white passengers and Rosa was arrested, which resulted in a city-wide boycott of the bus company and st

8、irred the civil rights movement across the nation. The coversation between Rosa Parks and the driver: Driver: “Are you going to stand up?” Rosa Parks: “No, Im not.” Driver: “Well, if you dont stand up, Im going to call the police and have you arrested.” Rosa Parks: “You may do that.”1957-Arkansas Go

9、v. uses National Guard to block nine students from Little Rock High School; following a court order, president Elsenhower sends in Federal Troops to ensure compliance.1962-President Kennedy sends federal troops to the university of Mississippi to ensure James Meredith, the schools first black studen

10、t.1964 - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers I Have a Dream speech to hundreds of thousands at the March on Washington. 1964 - Congress passes Civil Rights Act declaring discrimination based on race illegal after 75-day long argument.1966 - Edward Brooke, elected as the first black U.S. senator in 8

11、5 years. 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated（遇刺） in Memphis, Tennessee. Great Leading FigureRev. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR, an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement and a human rights icon(偶像), who headed the SCLC (Southern Christian Lead

12、ership Conference ), made significant headway with his adherence to nonviolent tactics. What was the content of it? The Black Power movement instilled(逐漸灌輸) a sense of racial pride and self-esteem in blacks. Blacks were told that it was up to them to improve their lives. Black Power advocates encour

13、aged blacks to form or join all-black political parties that could provide a formidable（強(qiáng)大的） power base and offer a foundation for real socioeconomic progress. For years, the movements leaders said, blacks had been trying to aspire to white ideals of what they should be. Now it was time for blacks t

14、o set their own agenda, putting their needs and aspirations first. An early step, in fact, was the replacement of the word Negro (a word associated with the years of SLAVERY) with black.What was the impact of it? 1)Impact on art and culture Probably the most noteworthy of these was its influence on

15、black culture. For the first time, blacks in the United States were encouraged to acknowledge their African heritage. Colleges and universities established black studies programs and black studies departments. Blacks who had grown up believing that they were descended from backwards people now found

16、 out that African culture was as rich and diverse as any other, and they were encouraged to take pride in that heritage. The Black Arts movement, seen by some as connected to the Black Power movement, flourished in the 1960s and 1970s. Young black poets, authors, and visual artists found their voice

17、s and shared those voices with others. Unlike earlier black arts movements such as the Harlem Renaissance(第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后，黑人文學(xué)及音樂的)哈萊姆文藝復(fù)興 ), the new movement primarily sought out black audience. 2)Impact on black politics The same spirit of racial unity and pride that made the Black Power movement so dyna

18、mic also made it problematicand to some, dangerous. Many whites, and a number of blacks, saw the movement as a black separatist(分離主義分子) organization which bent on（下決心） segregating blacks and whites and undoing（毀滅） the important work of the civil rights movement. There is no question that Black Power

19、 advocates had valid and pressing concerns. Also, because the Black Power movement was never a formally organized movement, it had no central leadership, which meant that different organizations with divergent agendas often could not agree on the best course of action. The more radical groups （激進(jìn)組織）

20、accused the more mainstream groups capitulating to(屈從) whites, and the more mainstream accused the more radicals becoming too ready to use violence. By the 1970s, most of the formal organizations that had come into prominence with the Black Power movement, such as the SNCC (StudentNonviolentCoordina

21、tingCommittee )and the Black Panthers(黑豹黨), had all but disappeared. 3)Impact on African-American identity Blacks were still victims of racism, whether they were being charged a higher rate for a mortgage（抵押貸款）, getting paid less than a white coworker doing the same work, or facing violence at the hands of white racists. But the solutions that som