上海中口筆試真題

1、2011年上?？谧g考試中級口譯筆試(全真試題+答案完好版SECTION1:LISTENINGTEST(45minutesPartA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Rememberyouwillh

2、earthepassageONLYONCE.Britishpeoplearefarmoresophisticatedaboutbeveragesthantheywere50yearsago.WitnesstheStarbucksrevolutionndayou?llknowwhere_(1goes.However,spurredonbyrecentstudiessuggestingthatitcancuttheriskof_(2andretardtheagingprocess,teaisenjoyinga_(3.Althoughteaisavailableinmoreplacesthaneve

3、r,itremainstobe_(4ofatypicalBritishfamily.IfyouareinvitedtoanEnglishhome,_(5inthemorningyougetacupoftea.Itiseitherbroughtinbyaheartily_(6oranalmostmalevolentlysilentmaid.Whenyouare_(7inyoursweetestmorningsleepyoumustnotsay:,Goaway,you_(8.?Onthecontrary,youhavetodeclarewithyourbestfiveo?clocksmile:,T

4、hankyouverymuch.I_(9acupoftea,especiallyinthemorning.?fItheyleaveyoualonewiththeliquidyoumaypourit_(10!Thenyouhave_(11;thenyouhaveteaat11o?clockinthemorning;_(12;thenyouhaveteafortea;thenaftersupper;andagainateleveno?clock_(13.Youmustnotrefuseanyadditionalcupsofteaunderthe_(14:ifitishot;ifitiscold;i

5、fyouare_(15;ifyouarenervous;ifyouarewatchingTV;_(16;ifyouhavejustreturnedhome;ifyoufeellikeit;ifyoudonotfeellikeit;ifyouhavehadnotea_(17;ifyouhavejusthadacup.Youdefinitelymustnot_(18.Isleepatfiveo?clockinthemorning;Ihavecoffeeforbreakfast;Idrinkinnumerable_(19duringtheday;Ihavethe_(20evenattea-time!

6、PartB:ListeningComprehension1.StatementsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshortstatements.ThesestatementswillbespokenONLYONCE,andyouwillnotfindthemwrittenonthepaper;soyoumustlistencarefully.Whenyouhearastatement,readtheanswerchoicesanddecidewhichoneisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouh

7、aveheard.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.1.(ATheprogramonChannelEightremindsmeofTVcommercials.(BTheproductadvertisedintheTVcommercialcannothelpcuremyillness.(CIdon?twatchTVthatmuch,becauseoftheomnipresentadvertisements.(DIhavetositonthesofa,becaus

8、eIamtoosicktostandinfrontofthetelevision.(ATheplanearrivedat7:30.(BTheplanearrivedat8:00.(CTheplanearrivedat9:00.(DTheplanearrivedat10:00.(AI?llasksomeoneelsetoreadandcheckthisagreementforerrors.(BI?llthinkmoreabouttheagreementbeforemakingadecision.(CIt?sobviousthatI?lldiscusstheagreementwithmyassis

9、tantfirst.(DIt?soutofquestionthatIshouldgetintoanyagreementwithyou.(AThebettermembersdecidedtocancelthemeeting.(BLessthanhalfofthecommitteewasawayonbusinesstrips.(CIt?dbebetterifnoonehadattendedthismorning?scommitteemeeting.(DThemeetingwascancelledbecauseoflowattendance.(ASupermarketsintheinnercitya

10、ndthesuburbsareusuallyownedbythesamecompany.(BProductsingrocerystoresaremoreexpensivethanthoseinsupermarkets.(CThereisapricedifferenceforthesameproducteveninshopsrunbythesamecompany.(DPeopleprefertoshopinsupermarkets,whicharemostlylocatedinthesuburbs,withfreeparkingspace.(AManyAmericanscannotaffordh

11、ighereducationbecauseofthesoaringcollegetuitionfeesandexpenses.(BSendingtheirchildrentocollegeisnolongerabiggerchallengeformillionsofAmericans.(CTheAmericangovernmenthassetthegoalthatitwilleventuallystopfundinghighereducationinstitutions.(DNowadays,Americanparentshavetopaymoretosendtheirchildrentoco

12、llege.(AFormanyuniversitygraduates,thejobstheytakewillnotberelatedtotheiracademicachievements.(BBecauseofeconomicrecession,thenumberofuniversitystudentsmajoringinliberalartsisdeclining.(CUniversitystudentswhoareinterestedinliberalartswillhavemorejobopportunitiesupongraduation.(DWithhighunemploymentr

13、ate,manyuniversitystudentswillhavetooptfortransferringtoothermajors.(AGoodbusinessnegotiatorswillneverrepeatwhatotherpeoplehavealreadyrestated.(BRestatingbygoodbusinessnegotiatorsisnotaneffectivewaytochecktheinformation.(CGoodbusinessnegotiatorsaresometimescuriousaboutotherpeople?srestatements.(DRes

14、tatingwhatothershavesaidisagoodstrategyforconfirmingunderstanding.(AWecannotreachanagreement,letaloneaspokenpromise.(BWe?dbetterdraftandthensignawrittenagreement.(CWegenerallykeepourpromisesinbusinesstransactions.(DWehopeyouunderstandwhyweareunabletokeepourpromises.10.(AIdon?tthinkyouhavemoretosayon

15、thattopic.(BIthinkwe?dbettertalkaboutthatindetailsometimelater.(CIamtrulyappreciativeifyoucanelaborateonthattopicafterlunch.(DIambusyrightnow,sowemightaswelldiscussitoverlunchtoday2.TalksandConversationsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshorttalksandconversationsAftereachofthese,youwi

16、llhearafewquestions.ListencarefullybecauseyouwillhearthetalkorconversationandquestionsONLYONCE.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourchoicesandchoosethebestanswertothatquestion.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions1114(ATwo(BThree(CFour(DFive(AAprof

17、it-makingprivateschool.(BAnon-profit-makingindependentschool.(CAstateschoolthatisfundedbynon-governmentalsources.(DAsecondaryschoolthatisopentothemajorityofBritishstudents.(AManychildrenarenolongerplacedinschoolsaccordingtotheiracademicabilities.(BManychildrencanaffordtostudyinprivateschools,astheyb

18、ecomepartofthestatesystem.(CChildrenfromwealthyfamiliesnolongerchoosetogoandstudyinpublicschools.(DClevererchildrenwillbesenttothebestprivateschoolsinthecountryforabetterdevelopment.(ACleverandlessbrightchildrenwillmixwellwitheachother.(BSchoolauthoritieswillreceivemorefundsfromthegovernment.(CMosts

19、tudentswilldowellintheirentranceexaminationforthehighereducation.(DEverychildwillhaveanequalopportunitytogoontohighereducation.Questions1518(AOnethatisunabridgedwithdetaileddefinitions.(BOnethatcontainsfewerwordsandemphasizesonspecialwords.(COnethatcontainsabroadrangeofwordsincommonusage.(DOnethatsp

20、ansseveralvolumesandhasextensivewordhistories(ATheNewOxfordPictureDictionary(BTheAmericanHeritageDictionary(CTheDictionaryofLegalTerms(DTheDrinkingWaterDictionary(AItlistsabbreviations,propernouns,andtablesofmeasures.(BItisanunabridgededitionprovidingasmanyas500,000entries.(CItwasrandomlycompiledand

21、containsasmanyforeignwordsaspossible.(DItprovidesdetailedinformationoffamouspeopleandplaces.18.(AAschooldictionary.(BAcollegedictionary.(CAgeneraldictionary.(DAspecializeddictionary.Questions1922(AHe?sboughthiswifeapresent.(BHe?smissedanimportantphonecall.(CHe?sdismissedhisnewsecretary.(DHe?spoppedo

22、utshopping.(ATalkingaboutthelatestfashion.(BOfferingspecialreductions.(CGivingbiggerdiscountstofemalecustomers.(DPressingonthecustomertomakeadecision.(AUpsidedownandinsideout.(BInsideoutandbacktofront.(CWithitssleevesastrouserlegs.(DWithitspatternupsidedown.(AAV-neckedpulloverwithshortsleeves.(BAhig

23、h-neckedpulloverwithlongsleeves.(CAwhitepulloverwithapattern.(DAbluepulloverwithahighneck.Questions232623.(AThatofacreator.(BThatofare-creator.(CThatofareceiver.(DThatofaperformer.(ABecauseweneedtoconcentrateforourquietthought.(BBecausewewanttogivefullattentiontothedriving.(CBecausewetrytoavoidbeing

24、caughtbythepatrollingpolice.(DBecauseweintendtobeascasualaspossibleinthedriving.(AIntheelevator.(BInthecar.(CInthebathroom.(DInthechurch.(AByperceptiveandanalyticallistening.(BBytakingasonicbath.(CByattendingclassicalconcerts.(DBylisteningtoanemotionalpieceofmusic.Questions2730(AHisgrandfather?shous

25、e.(BHisparents?remarks.(CAmagazine.(DAcoursebook.(AEnjoyingvisitingzoos.(BDrivingacar.(CMakingmoney.(DTakingkidstoamuseum.(AItdiedafewyearsago.(BItkilledseveraltourists.(CItisonlyalegend.(DItisalivingdinosaur.(ANoonehasprovidedanaccuratedescriptionoftheanimal.(BNodeadbodiesoftheanimalhaveeverbeenfou

26、nd.(CThereareonly500specieslivinginLochNess.(DThelakeisnotdeepenoughforsuchahugeanimal.SECTION2:STUDYSKILLS(45minutesDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadseveralpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsbasedonitscontent.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A,(B,(Cor(D,toeachquestion.Answerallthequesti

27、onsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions15ThepurposeoftheAmericancourtsystemistoprotecttherightsofthepeople.AccordingtoAmericanlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsideredi

28、nnocentuntilthecourtprovesthatthepersonisguilty.Inotherwords,itistheresponsibilityofthecourttoprovethatapersonisguilty.Itisnottheresponsibilityofthepersontoprovethatheorsheisinnocent.Inordertoarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereasonablysurethatacrimehasbeencommitted.Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereason

29、swhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Thenthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestationto“book”him.“Bookingofmeansthethatthenamepersonandthechargesagainsthimareformallylistedatthepolicestation.Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailor

30、released.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunawayforexample,becauseheownsahouseandhasafamilyhecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail.Atthistime,too,thejudgewillappointacourtlayertodefendthesuspectifhecan?taffordone.Thesuspectreturnstocourta

31、weekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictattorney?sofficepresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Thisiscalledahearing.Theattorneymaypresentevidenceaswellaswitnesses.Thejudgeatthehearingthendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasontoholdatrial.Ifthejudgedecidesthatthereissufficientevidencetocallforatrial,heorshesetsadate

32、forthesuspecttoappearincourttoformallypleadguiltyornotguilty.Atthetrial,ajuryof12peoplelistenstotheevidencefrombothattorneysandhearsthetestimonyofthewitnesses.Thenthejurygoesintoaprivateroomtoconsidertheevidenceanddecidewhetherthedefendantisguiltyofthecrime.Ifthejurydecidesthatthedefendantisinnocent

33、,hegoesfree.However,ifheisconvicted,thejudgesetsadateforthedefendanttoappearincourtagainforsentencing.Atthistime,thejudgetellstheconvictedpersonwhathispunishmentwillbe.Thejudgemaysentencehimtoprison,orderhimtopayafine,orplacehimonprobation.TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslo

34、wly.However,everystepisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethebasis,orfoundation,oftheAmericangovernment.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(ATheAmericancourtsystemrequiresthatasuspectprovethatheorsheisinnocent.(BTheUScourtsystemisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.(CUndert

35、heAmericancourtsystem,judgedecidesifasuspectisinnocentorguilty.(DTheUScourtsystemisdesignedtohelpthepolicepresentacaseagainstthesuspect.2.Whatfollows,inotherwords?(para.1?(AAnexampleoftheprevioussentence.(BAnewideaaboutthecourtsystem.(CAnitemofevidencetocallforatrial.(DArestatementoftheprevioussente

36、nce.Accordingtothepassage,hecangofree?(para.3means_.(Athesuspectisfreetochoosealawyertodefendhim(Bthesuspectdoesnothavetogototrialbecausethejudgehasdecidedheisinnocent(Cthesuspectwillbeinformedbymailwhetherheisinnocentornot(DthesuspectdoesnothavetowaitinjailorpaymoneyuntilhegoestotrialWhatisthepurpo

37、seofhavingthesuspectpaybail?(ATopayforthejudgeandthetrial.(BTopayforacourtlawyertodefendthesuspect.(CToensurethatthesuspectwillreturntocourt.(DToensurethatthesuspectwillappearinprison.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?(ATheAmericanjusticesystemsometimesoperatesslowly.(BThepol

38、icecanarrestasuspectwithoutgivinganyreasons.(CItistheresponsibilityofthesuspecttoproveheisinnocent.(DThejuryconsiderstheevidenceinthecourtroom.Questions610Soyou?vegotaninventionyouandaround39,000otherseachyear,accordingto2002statistics!The64,000-dollarquestion,ifyouhavecomeupwithadevicewhichyoubelie

39、vetobetheanswertotheenergycrisisoryou?veinventedalawnmowerwhichcutsgrasswithajetofwater(notsodaft,someonehasinventedone,ishowtoensureyou?retheonetoreaptherewardsofyouringenuity.Howwillallyougardenshedboffinsouttherekeepothersfromcapitalizingonyourideasandliningtheirpocketsatyourexpense?Oneofthefirst

40、stepstoprotectyourinterestistopatentyourinvention.Thatcankeepitoutofthegraspofthepiratesforatleastthenext20years.Andforthisreasoninventorsintheirdrovesbeataconstanttrailfromalloverthecountrytothedoorsofananonymousgrey-frontedbuildingjustbehindLondon?sHolborntotryandpatenttheirdevices.Thefirst,letter

41、spatent?weregrantedaslongagoas1449toaFlemishcraftsmanbythenameofJohnUtynam.Theletters,writteninLatin,arestillonfileattheoffice.TheyweregrantedbyKingHenryVIandentitledUtynamto,importintothiscountry?hisknowledgeofmakingstainedglasswindowsinordertoinstallsuchwindowsatEtonCollege.Present-daypatentsproce

42、dureisamoresophisticatedaffairthangettingago-aheadnotefromthemonarch.Thesedaysthestrictproceduresgoverningwhetheryougetapatentforyourrevolutionarymouse-traporsolar-poweredback-scratcherhavebeenreducedtoaprettyexactscience.Fromstarttofinishitwilltakearoundtwoandahalfyearsandcost165fortheinventortogai

43、npatentprotectionforhisbrainchild.That?sifhe?slucky.BynomeansallwhoapplytothePatentOffice,whichisabranchoftheDepartmentofTrade,getapatent.AkeymanatthePatentOfficeisBernardPartridge,PrincipalExaminer(Administration,whoboilsdowntoonewordthevitalingredientanyinventorneedsbeforehecanhopetoovercometheman

44、yhurdlesinthecomplexprocedureofobtainingpatent,ingenuity?.Peopletakeoutapatentbecausetheywantto_.(Akeeptheirideasfrombeingstolen(Breaptherewardsofsomebodyelse?singenuity(Cvisitthepatentofficebuilding(DcomeupwithmorenewdevicesThephrase,thebrain-childrenofinventors?(para.5means_.(Athechildrenwithhighi

45、ntelligence(Btheinventionsthatpeoplecomeupwith(Cadevicethatachildbelievestobetheanswertotheenergycrisis(Dalawnmowerthatanindividualhasinventedtocutgrass8.Whathavethe1600?smachinegunandthepresent-daylaserincommon?(ABothwereapprovedbythemonarch.(BBothweregrantedbyKingHenryVI.(CBothwererejectedbytheDep

46、artmentofTrade.(DBothwerepatented.9.WhyisJohnUtynamstillremembered?(AHeisthefirstpersontogetapatentforhisrevolutionarymouse-trap.(BHeisthefirstpersontobegrantedanofficialpatent.(CHeisthefirstpersontobeanofficerinthePatentOffice.(DHeisthefirstpersontohaveinventedalawnmower.Accordingtothepassage,howwo

47、uldyoudescribethecomplexprocedureofobtainingapatentforaninvention?(AItisratherexpensive(BItisanimpossibletask.(CItisextremelydifficult.(DItisverytricky.Questions1115Alllivingcellsonearthrequiremoisturefortheirmetabolism.Cerealgrainswhenbroughtinfromthefield,althoughtheymayappeartobedry,maycontain20p

48、ercentofmoistureormore.Iftheyarestoredinabinthus,thereissufficientmoistureinthemtosupportseveralvarietiesofinsects.Theseinsectswill,therefore,liveandbreedand,astheygrowandeatthegrain,itprovidesthemwithbiologicalenergyfortheirlifeprocesses.Thisenergywill,justasinman,becomemanifestasheat.Sincethebulko

49、fthegrainactsasaninsulator,thetemperaturesurroundingthecolonyofinsectswillrisesothat,notonlyispartofthegrainspoiledbythedirectattackoftheinsectsbutmoremaybedamagedbytheheat.Sometimes,thetemperaturemayevenrisetothepointwherethestoredgraincatchesfire.Forsafestorage,grainmustbedrieduntilitsmoisturecont

50、entis13percentorless.Traditionalartsoffoodpreservationtookadvantageofthisprincipleinanumberofways.Theplantseeds,wheat,rye,rice,barleymillet,maize,arethemselvesstructuresevolvedbynaturetoprovidestoredfood.Thestarchoftheirendospermisusedforthenourishmentoftheembryoduringthetimeitover-winters(ifitisapl

51、antoftheTemperateZoneanduntilitsnewleaveshavegrownandtheirchlorophyllcantrapenergyfromthesunlighttonourishthenew-grownplant.Theseparationbythreshingandwinnowingis,therefore,tosomedegreepartofatechniqueoffoodpreservation.Thedirectdryingofotherfoodshasalsobeenused.Fishhasbeendriedinmanypartsoftheworld

52、besidesAfrica.Slicesofdriedmeatarepreparedbynumerousraces.Biltong,aformofdriedmeat,wasacustomaryfoodfortravelers.Thedryingofmeatorfish,eitherinthesunoroverafire,quiteapartfromthedegreetowhichitexposesthefoodtoinfectionbybacteriaandinfestationbyinsects,tendsalsotoharmitsquality.Proteinsarecomplexmole

53、cularstructureswhicharereadilydisrupted.Thisisthereasonwhydriedmeatbecomestoughandcan,withsomescientificjustification,bylikenedtoleather.Thetechnicalprocessofdryingfoodsindirectlybypicklingtheminthestrongsaltsolutionscommonlycalled,brine?doeslessharmtotheproteinthanstraightforwarddrying,particularly

54、ifthisiscarriedoutathightemperatures.Itisforthisreasonthatmanyofthetypicaldryingprocessesarenottakentocompletion.Thatistosay,theouterpartsmaybedriedleavingamoistinnersection.Underthesecircumstances,preservationisonlypartial.Thedriedfoodkeepslongerthanitwouldhaveundriedbutitcannotbekeptindefinitely.F

55、orthisreason,traditionalprocessesaretobefoundinmanypartsoftheworldinwhichacombinationofpartialdryingandpicklinginbrineisused.Quiteoftenthedryinginvolvesexposuretosmoke.Foodstreatedinthiswayare,besidesfishofvarioussorts,bacon,hamsandnumeroustypesofsausages.Accordingtothepassage,insectsspoilstoredcere

56、alsby_.(Aconsumingallthegrainthemselves(Bgeneratingheatandraisingthesurroundingtemperature(Cincreasingthemoisturecontentinthegrain(DattackingeachotherformoregrainInspeakingofthetraditionalmethodsoffoodpreservation,thewriter_.(Aexpressesdoubtsaboutdirectsmoking(Bdescribessaltingandpicklingasineffecti

57、ve(Ccondemnsdirectdrying(DmentionsthreshingandwinnowingDirectdryingaffectsthequalityofmeatorfishbecause_.(Aitexposesthemtoinsects(Bitmakesthemhard(Citdamagestheprotein(DitdevelopsbacteriaWecanlearnfromthepassagethatsaltingpreservesfoodby_.(Adestroyingtheprotein(Bdrawingawaymoisturefromthefood(Cdryin

58、gthefoodinthesun(Ddressingthefood15.Accordingtothepassage,partialdryingisusefulbecause_.(Aitdamagestheproteinless(Bitcanbecombinedwithpickling(Citleavestheinsidemoist(DitmakesthefoodsoftQuestions1620Wearemovinginexorablyintotheageofautomation.Ouraimisnottodeviseamechanismwhichcanperformathousanddiff

59、erentactionsofanyindividualmanbut,onthecontrary,onewhichcouldbyasingleactionreplaceathousandmen.Industrialautomationhasmovedalongthreelines.Firstthereistheconveyorbeltsystemofcontinuousproductionwherebyseparateoperationsarelinkedintoasinglesequence.Thegoodsproducedbythiswell-establishedmethodareunto

60、uchedbytheworker,andthemachinereplacesbothunskilledandsemiskilled.Secondly,thereisautomationwithfeedbackcontrolofthequalityoftheproduct:heremechanismsarebuiltintothesystemwhichcancomparetheoutputwithanorm,thatis,theactualproductwithwhatitissupposedtobe,andthencorrectanyshortcomings.Theentirecycleofo