高中被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、八大時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（am/is/are +done）如： I am asked to study hard. 我被請(qǐng)求努力學(xué)習(xí)。 This shirt is washed once a week. 這件T恤一周洗一次。 These songs are usually sung by boys. 這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。2一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（was/were done）如： The

2、 soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。 Some notes were passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來一些紙條。3一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（shall/will be done）如： We shall be asked a lot of strange questions. 我們將被問許多怪題。 My son will be sent to school next September. 來年九月我將送我兒子去讀書。4過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（should/would

3、 be done）如： The news would be sent to him as soon as it arrived. 消息一到就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)給他的。 He told us that the new railway would be built the next year. 他告訴我新鐵路將在明年修建。5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（has/have been done）如： The work has just been finished. 工作剛剛結(jié)束。 Theoldruleshavebeendoneawaywithbyus.舊規(guī)章已經(jīng)被我們廢除了。6過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（had be

4、en done）如： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年十二月底他們已建造了三艘船。 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 在去年年底前生產(chǎn)了100輛拖拉機(jī)。7現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：（am/is/are being done）如： Thebridgeisbeingrepaired.橋梁正在修復(fù)中。The new library is being built by the workers. 新的圖書館正在被工人們建設(shè)中。8過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

5、構(gòu)成：（was/were being done）如： A meeting was being held when I was there. 我在時(shí)，會(huì)議在開著。 The college was being built at this time last year. 去年這個(gè)時(shí)候這所大學(xué)正在建設(shè)中。9、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.

6、 You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. It should be done at once二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者 (有時(shí)用 by 短語來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)： Xiao Li was made monitor of the class. 小李被選為班長。 This work must be done by you, and not by me. 這件工作必須由你做，而不是我來做。2不知道或不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者： His bike was stolen las

7、t night. 他的自行車昨晚被人偷走了。 Every year a lot os people are killed in the traffic accidents. 每年都有許多人死于交通事故。3為了表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或說話者自己： Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。 You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m. tomorrow. 敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語晚會(huì)。4動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是無生

8、命的事物： The house was struck by lightning. 那房子被閃電所擊中。 The famous museum was practically ruined by the big fire. 大火使這家著名的博物館幾乎全部毀壞。5使句子連接自然或更加簡潔、勻稱。 The old professor gave a lecture on American hisotry and was well received. 這位老教授作了一個(gè)有關(guān)美國歷史的講座，受到大家的熱烈歡迎。 The book which had been lost was found and was r

9、eturned to the library. 那本丟失的書找到后被還回到圖書館。三、特殊情況下的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞，如： This must be kept in mind. 我們必須把這個(gè)記在心里。 I ought to be criticized for it. 我應(yīng)該為此受到批評(píng).2帶雙賓語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣上把間賓提前，也可把直賓提前，但不要遺漏介詞： IwasgivenatoyatChristmas. 或AtoywasgiventomeatChristmas. 父親在圣誕節(jié)送我一個(gè)玩具。 Hewasofferedsomeassistanc

10、e.或Someassistancewasofferedtohim. 他們向他提供一些幫助。3帶復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，只將賓語提前，賓補(bǔ)不動(dòng) （但make, see, hear等賓補(bǔ)省略的to，變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要加to）。 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 男孩被看到正在吸煙。 They were made to work day and night. 他們被迫黑天白天得工作。四、被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)都是由“be+過去分詞”來構(gòu)成，其區(qū)別如下：1如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 T

11、he glass is broken玻璃杯碎了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The glass was broken by the boy 玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The door is locked門鎖上了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The door has already/just been locked門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）3被動(dòng)語態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于進(jìn)行或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be 只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。 The machine is being repaired正在修理機(jī)器。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)） A new schoo

12、l will be built here將在這里建一所新學(xué)校。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）被動(dòng)語態(tài)練習(xí)題：I主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)互變：1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting.2.His mother gave him a present for his birthday.3.You can hand in your homework tomorrow.4.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.5.You must lock the door when you leave.6.I was made a ne

13、w dress by aunt. /A new dress was made for me by aunt.7.Apicturewasboughtforme.8.He was heard to sing in his room just now.9.A new public school will be set up here.10.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：1一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式為：shall / will + be + done。(shall 用于第一人稱；wil

14、l用于各種人稱) 如：We shall be punished if we break the rule.如果我們違反規(guī)定，我們將要受到懲罰。The new film will be shown next Thursday.這部新電影將在下周四上映。2一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式為：shall / will + not + be + done.（可縮寫成shant或wont）如：The meeting wont be held tomorrow.明天不再舉行會(huì)議。The exhibition wont be put off till next week.展覽會(huì)將不會(huì)推遲到下周。3一般將來時(shí)態(tài)

15、的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將shall / will提到主語的前面。（回答用yes或no）如：Wont water be turned into ice, it it is belwo freezing?如果氣溫在冰點(diǎn)之下，水難道不會(huì)變成冰嗎？-Will the work be finished at once? -Yes, it will.-這項(xiàng)工作會(huì)立刻被完成嗎？ -是的，立刻就完成。4一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞 + shall / will + S + be + done。如：When will these books be published?這些書將在什么時(shí)候被出版？

16、Whom will this book be written by?誰來寫這本書？二、一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成：1be going to be doneSome old buildings are going to be put down.一些舊的樓房將被推倒。The problem isnt going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.這個(gè)問題將不在明天的會(huì)議上被討論。-Are these trees going to be cut down？-Yes，they are.-這些樹將被砍倒嗎？-是的，將被砍倒2be to be don

17、eThe sports meet is to be held on April 10.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于四月十日舉行。The machines are not to be repaired tonight.今晚將不會(huì)修理這些機(jī)器。-Are new textbooks to be published next week？-No, they arent.新教科書將在下周出版嗎？不，不是。三、一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作。The new film will be shown next Thursday.這部新電影將在下

18、周四上映。A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.好多運(yùn)動(dòng)員將被邀請(qǐng)到北京來。2在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.當(dāng)大壩竣工時(shí)，長江將得到控制。If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.如果我有足夠的時(shí)間，我將去日本度假。3表示有固定性條件就有規(guī)律性被動(dòng)結(jié)果。如：Heated to 100c , water will be turned into steam.加熱到100度時(shí)，水將會(huì)變成蒸氣。If you speak in class, you will be punished.如果你在課堂上講話，你將會(huì)被懲罰。II. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句：1. We shall discuss