英譯漢八、定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

1、八、定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯定語(yǔ)從句的譯法 定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種,兩類定語(yǔ)從句在翻譯方法上基本類似, 因此我們把它們放在一起介紹。在翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),我們經(jīng)常采用下列的翻譯方法: 一、前 置 法二、后 置 法三、翻譯成狀語(yǔ)從句一、前 置 法 把英語(yǔ)原文的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組, 放置于被修飾的詞之前, 將英語(yǔ)原文的復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句, 這種方法一般用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句比較短的情況。 一些較短的具有描述性的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可采用前置法, 但沒(méi)有限制性定語(yǔ)從句使用得普遍。例如: 例1.For example, one function of friendship

2、 seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. 例如, 友誼的一個(gè)作用似乎是支持我們?cè)谧约盒哪恐械男蜗? 并使我們持有的價(jià)值觀念更加堅(jiān)定。 例2.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school. 附近沒(méi)有同齡伙伴和自己玩的兒童，上托兒所可以得

3、到很多的益處。 二、后 置 法 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí), 如果翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ), 就會(huì)不符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣, 在這種情況下, 往往把該定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成并列的分句, 放置于原來(lái)它所修飾詞的后面。另外在處理此類定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 一般遵循的原則是: 若保留先行詞, 則在第二個(gè)分句中加以重復(fù), 若省略, 則兩個(gè)并列分句中均不再保留。當(dāng)然, 在實(shí)際的翻譯過(guò)程中也有例外。 例1.Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand. 也許,光是某種電波,其性質(zhì)我們尚不清楚。 例2.They are stri

4、ving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力, 這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛的, 在過(guò)去,許多中國(guó)人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。 三、翻譯成狀語(yǔ)從句 英語(yǔ)中有些定語(yǔ)從句, 兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的職能, 在邏輯上(即意義上)與主句有狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系, 說(shuō)明原因、結(jié)果、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系, 翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)善于從英語(yǔ)原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系, 然后翻譯成漢語(yǔ)中相應(yīng)

5、的偏正復(fù)合句。例如: 例1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他不記得他父親了, 因?yàn)樗赣H死時(shí)他才三歲。 例2.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果認(rèn)為理性知識(shí)不必由感性知識(shí)得來(lái), 那他就是一個(gè)唯心主義者。 例3.Liquids, which contain no free electrons, are poor c

6、onductors of heat. 各種液體, 由于不含有自由電子, 是熱的不良導(dǎo)體。 1. This is the first book of this kind I have ever come across.1這是我碰見的第一本這樣的書。2. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant; but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.2他喜歡熱情可愛的妹妹，不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。3. It is he who received the letter that an

7、nounced the death of her uncle.3是他接到的那封信，說(shuō)她的叔叔去世了。4. There were men in the crowd who had stood there every day for a month.4在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一個(gè)月。5. In a word, a true revolution is one that is devoted to human progress and that makes human progress the supreme object.5總之，真正的革命，致力于人類的進(jìn)步，并以次作為最高目標(biāo)。6.

8、Westminster Abbey, which is one of the oldest churches in Great Britain, contains the graves of many famous Englishmen.6維斯敏斯特教堂是大不列顛最古老的教堂之一，里面有許多英國(guó)知名人士的墳?zāi)埂?. For further particulars you had better apply to my brother, who has paid particular attention to the subject.7關(guān)于細(xì)節(jié)，你最好問(wèn)我弟弟，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題特別留意。8. Th

9、ere was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.8這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)出心裁，很有魄力，所以他們都很喜歡。9. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.9她對(duì)孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。10. Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive th

10、eir families.10人們及其迫切的要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。翻譯練習(xí)：1. He made a list of all the articles that are on the subject.1他把有關(guān)這個(gè)題目的現(xiàn)有的一切文章列了一個(gè)單子。2. His laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.2他富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉默。3. We live in a world where relations between states are relations of forces.3在我們所處的這

11、個(gè)世界上，國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系就是力量對(duì)比的關(guān)系。4. Last week I saw “Modern Times” with Charles Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think is one of the most amusing films.4上周我看了查理卓別林主演的摩登時(shí)代。我認(rèn)為那是最有趣的影片之一。5. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.5我們知道，由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹们宄?. Our President, who was busy all day long, never knew what fatigue was.6我們的總統(tǒng)雖然整天很忙