中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解復(fù)習(xí)

1、關(guān)于中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解復(fù)習(xí)第一張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 用法：經(jīng)常性的和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ： usually,sometimes,in spring, every day,in the morning 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 ：動(dòng)詞原型. work 動(dòng)詞+S.（主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)）works 否定構(gòu)成 ： dont+動(dòng)原 doesnt+動(dòng)原 一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答：Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原+其它？Yes,I do. Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原+其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)舉例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he li

2、ve? 注意： start,leave,go,come等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按 規(guī)定要發(fā)生的未來(lái)動(dòng)作，如列車(chē)將離開(kāi)?？陀^真理在從句中也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 第二張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 用法：說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或當(dāng) 前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ：now,these days 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 ： am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) am/is/are working 否定構(gòu)成 ： am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它？Yes,I am(he is.) No,they arent 特殊疑問(wèn)舉例：Wh

3、at are you doing now? Who is flying a kite there? 注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的進(jìn) 行時(shí) 有時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 第三張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用法：將來(lái)會(huì)出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成: 1,will/shall+動(dòng)原 2,am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原型 3,sm/is/are(about)+動(dòng)詞不定式 4,am/i

4、s/are+coming等現(xiàn)在分詞以work為例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving否定構(gòu)成：will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑問(wèn)句舉例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?備注：在if條件或as soon as等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)第四張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用法：過(guò)去時(shí)

5、間發(fā)生的或過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引導(dǎo)的含 過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)（-ed） worked/used to work否定構(gòu)成：didnt+動(dòng)原 didnt work used not(didnt use) to work一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原+其它？ 特殊疑問(wèn)句舉例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 備注：He ha

6、s opened the door.（表示過(guò)去“開(kāi)門(mén)”的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是門(mén)還開(kāi)著）He opened the door.(不能確定門(mén)現(xiàn)在是否開(kāi)著) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)第五張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用法：過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或when引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成： was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 以work為例：was/were working否定構(gòu)成： was/were not+現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成及簡(jiǎn)答舉例: Was/Were+主

7、語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑問(wèn)句舉例： What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)第六張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用法：從過(guò)去某時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 常用于賓從常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next week等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成： 1、would/should+動(dòng)原 2、 was/were going to+動(dòng)原 3、was/were(about) to+動(dòng)原以work為例：would/should wor

8、k was/were going to work was/were(about) to work否定構(gòu)成：would/should not was/were not一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成：常用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓從特殊疑問(wèn)句舉例：He asked what they would do the next week. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)第七張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用法: 1、發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作且對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作， 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響.2、從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,e

9、ver,so far,since+過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí) 間,for+段時(shí)間動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+過(guò)去分詞(-ed) have/has worked否定構(gòu)成：have/has not+過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成： Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞?特殊疑問(wèn)句舉例：What have you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?備注：暫時(shí)性動(dòng)詞不能與for, since,How long等 表示段時(shí)間 的短語(yǔ)同時(shí)使用。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第八張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分

10、詞注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.

11、 Ive just lost my science book. 有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；多是一般疑問(wèn)句。第九張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since

12、 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用。 第十張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作，例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to

13、the park.（4） have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。第十一張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用法：1、過(guò)去某時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或

14、狀態(tài)(過(guò)去的過(guò)去)。2、過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by that time,by the end of , when/before+ 從句，said/knew/asked的賓從中動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:had+過(guò)去分詞(-ed)以work為例： had worked否定構(gòu)成:had not+過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它？ Yes,I had. No,I hadnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句舉例： How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 過(guò)去完成時(shí)第十二張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022

15、年6月七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法1、概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。 -|-|-|- 那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 其結(jié)構(gòu)是：had + 過(guò)去分詞2、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法： （1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或者持

16、續(xù)下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.第十三張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 （3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. （4）在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. （5）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think,

17、intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. （6）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that mos

18、t of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 第十四張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D

19、. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _

20、 her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 第十五張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較 1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去

21、時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。第十六張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

22、請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)注意：句子中如有

23、過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 第十七張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果) Ive k

24、nown him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)2) 用于till / until 從句的差異： 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示“到，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。第十八張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替完成時(shí) 1) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。When she saw the mouse，she scre

25、amed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.第十九張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月典型例題：1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.

26、A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案B ；首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A ； 等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 第二十張，PPT共二十四頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月時(shí)間現(xiàn)在過(guò)去那時(shí)所預(yù)見(jiàn)的情況八、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一、基本概念：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，即立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看即將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時(shí)態(tài)。 1) He said his m