1名詞性從句講解

1、Noun Clause名詞性從句 4、典型例題解析： 名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞歸納起來(lái)可分為以下三類。功能例詞從屬連詞 只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何作用。that, whether,if，as if（只用于表詞從句）功能例詞連接代詞既起連接作用，本身又做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Who,whom,whose,what, which功能例詞連接副詞既起連接作用，本身又做從句的狀語(yǔ)。when,where, why,how 用how組成的詞組，如： how many, how much1、主語(yǔ)從句(1) That he

2、 will come is certain.(2) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.(3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(4) Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5) Where she has gone is not known yet. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)

3、時(shí)，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。 以it作形式主語(yǔ)，把主語(yǔ)從句后置的常用句型有：1. It+be+形容詞+that從句It is/was certain that clause clear important necessary probable possible（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam.（2） It is probable that he told me everything.2、It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句It is / was a pity that clause shame duty

4、 (1) It is a pity that we cant go.(2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.3、It + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + that從句It is said that clause reported thought hoped believed known (1) It is said that he is the best student in the class.(2) It is thought that Joe drives badly.4、It + seem, happen, ap

5、pear等不及物 動(dòng)詞 + that從句。(1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.(2) It happened that I was out that day.(1) This was what Tom was reading.(2) The truth is that I have never been there.(3) It looks as if it is going to rain.(4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late.(5) Thi

6、s is how we overcame the difficulties.(6) That is why she was absent yesterday.(7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.2、表語(yǔ)從句：比較下列兩句話： Is it because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter? The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.3、賓語(yǔ)從句1、用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(1) They pretended that th

7、ey were reading in the room.(2) I didnt know what they were talking about.(3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer?(4) He couldnt tell where his home was.(5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that常可省去，特別在口語(yǔ)中是這樣。注意： whether 和 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句： whether 和 if

8、 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換使用，但下列情況用whether不用if。 （1） 在whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不可用if代替whetherI dont know whether or not hell come.I wonder whether/if it is true or not.（2）介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether， 不用if Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.（后面要講到介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句） （3）引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句用whether不用if Whether well go depends on

9、the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.(4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 則不能.Please tell me whether to go or not.2、用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句： I was pleased by what he told me. He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son. 注意：介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用wh

10、ich和if來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而要分別用what和whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如： Are you sorry for what youve done? Everything depends on whether we have enough experience. 不可用ifwhich不可以 這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2) We were not surprised that he

11、returned three days later than expected.3、用作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句： (3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing. (4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams. 注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句后邊還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。如： (1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did n

12、ot come yesterday. (2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished. 這種句型的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有think, make, feel, find, consider.4、同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某些名詞的同位語(yǔ)，這些名詞常見(jiàn)的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞通常有that和whether, w

13、hat, why, how等。 (1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. (4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (5) The problem w

14、hether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.注意：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是：前者說(shuō)明名詞的內(nèi)容，后者說(shuō)明名詞的性質(zhì)特征；前者所用連詞that不是從句的一個(gè)成分，后者所用關(guān)系代詞that是從句中的一個(gè)成分。試比較： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位語(yǔ)從句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down.（定語(yǔ)從句） 以上是名詞性從句例

15、題解析，下面就運(yùn)用名詞性從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)方面作以歸納：（1）語(yǔ)序 在名詞性從句中，從句一律使用陳述語(yǔ)序。特別要注意由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑問(wèn)句的影響而用了疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。如：(1) I wonder who she is.(2) The question is when well complete the works.(3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（2）時(shí)態(tài)： 學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句時(shí)，除了要注意從句的引導(dǎo)詞，語(yǔ)序等

16、外，還要注意從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致關(guān)系。 （1）在賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可以根據(jù)需要用各種時(shí)態(tài)。如：Mary says thatTom isnt lazy.Tom is doing well in his lesson.She will ask Tom some questions.Tom may fall behind the others.She missed us very much.She was writing a letter.She would visit the Great Wall.She said that 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓

17、語(yǔ)從句須用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如： 如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： (1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2、在主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，也要注意從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致性。關(guān)鍵要注意動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。如： (1) Who will be sent abroad has not been decided.（主句是現(xiàn)在完成

18、時(shí)，從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)） (2) The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.（主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 在動(dòng)詞think, believe, expect, suppose, guess等后帶that賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若從句是否定句，常將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：3、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：I dont think (that) it will be cold today.We dont think you can do it, can you? 注意：這類句子后若帶有附加疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)采用肯定形式來(lái)后問(wèn)，后問(wèn)部分應(yīng)

19、于從句主語(yǔ)一致。I dont believe she knows it, does she?4、幾組易混引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別。(1) What 與 that 在句詞性從句中，what和that都可作關(guān)連詞，其區(qū)別在于：what在從句中要充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等）,因此在任何情況下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、話），相當(dāng)于the thing that或which。that本身沒(méi)有詞匯意義，在名詞從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中，賓語(yǔ)從句中的that經(jīng)常省略。如： (1) What you have done might do harm to others. (2) What c

20、aused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)I think (that) you will like the stamps.What 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法的東西或事情T(mén)hey have done what they can to help her. He saves what he earns.2. 的人或的樣子He is no longer what he was.He is what is gernerally called a tailor.3. 的數(shù)量或數(shù)目Our income is now double what it was te

21、n years ago.The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.4. 的時(shí)間The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.5. 的地方This is what they call Salt Lake City.In 1492

22、, Columbus reached what is now called America.2、whether與if whether與if在前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò).3、because與why because與why均可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但含義不同。because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明理由。而why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句是在前面已說(shuō)明了理由的情況下加以小結(jié)。如：(1) I think its because youre doing too much.(2) He was ill . That is why he was late for school.(3) The reason why he was late was

23、that he was ill.1、My hometown is no longer_it used to be.（ ）練習(xí)題：A、thatB、whatC、whenD、whichB2、They wonder_ their son was getting along with his study.（ ）A、whetherB、thatC、whatD、howD3、_ he is living now is not known to anybody.（ ）A、WhenB、IfC、WhetherD、WhyC4、Word came _ I was invited to attend the meeting

24、.（ ）A、whichB、whenC、whereD、thatD5、The fact _ we were interested in _ all of them.（ ）A、that; was surprisedB、which; surprisedC、what; was surprisedD、when; surprisedB6、_ the scientist who gave us a talk will go abroad.（ ）A、It said thatB、It says whenC、It is said thatD、He is saidC7、He told me _ there.（ C ）

25、A、that has been happenedB、that happenedC、what had happenedD、what had been happened8、_ I cant understand is _ he changed his mind.（ B ）A、That; thatB、What; whyC、Which; howD、That; whyB9、_ his brother is ?（ A ）A、What do you supposeB、What you supposeC、What do you suppose thatD、You suppose that 10、The rea

26、son _ he didnt come to school yesterday is _ he had to look after his sick mother at home.（ ）A、that; becauseB、why; forC、for; thatD、why; thatD11、We all know the truth _ the earth _ round the sun.（ ）A、if; movedB、that; movesC、why; moveD、whether; moveB12、_ he said at the meeting is very important to us.（ ）A、ThatB、WhatC、Whic