英語提高培訓(xùn)講義(2)

1、詞詞匯匯部部分分 詞形詞形變化變化 1. actual adj. 實際的 actually adv.實際上； 事實上2. base n. 基地；基礎(chǔ)base v. 以為根據(jù) basic adj. 基本的3. east n. 東方eastern adj. 東方的；東部的重點重點單詞單詞 command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握request n.& v. 請求；要求recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)4. base vt. 以為根據(jù)n.基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)重點重點詞組詞組 e up走近；上來；提出 2.make use of 利用；使用3.such as例如；諸如 4.play a

2、part (in) 扮演一個角色；參與5.because of 因為；由于 6.at present 目前；現(xiàn)在重點句子重點句子 1. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?2. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as Standard English.一、核心單詞一、核心單詞1. command km:nd n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。

3、(2) Her commands were more quickly obeyed. 她的命令已被迅速執(zhí)行。歸納：歸納：command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由控制be in command of 控制have / take command of 指揮小練：小練：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空(1) For the first time in years, she felt _ command of her life.(2) The army is _ the kings direct command.(3) The police arr

4、ived and took command _ the situation. in under of2. request rikwest n.& vb. 請求；要求(1) He made a request for help. 他請求幫助。(2) I requested that he (should ) leave. 我要求他離開。小練：小練：中英互譯(1) 參觀者被要求不要觸摸展覽品。 _ .(2) This is the only request that the room be cleaned after being used. _ .歸納歸納 make (a) request for

5、請求；要求 on request 一經(jīng)要求request sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事It is requested that 據(jù)要求 visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 據(jù)要求這間房被用過之后要打掃干凈。據(jù)要求這間房被用過之后要打掃干凈。 3. recognize reknaiz vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)(1) I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認(rèn)出了她。(2) Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as t

6、he lawful heir. 大家都承認(rèn)他為合法繼承人。歸納：歸納：recognize sb. / sth. by/from 根據(jù)認(rèn)出某人/某物 recognizeto be/as 被認(rèn)作/被認(rèn)為是It is recognized that人們公認(rèn)recognition n. beyond recognition recognition n. beyond recognition 辨認(rèn)不出辨認(rèn)不出小練：小練：中譯英(1) 人們都承認(rèn)他是他們理所當(dāng)然的領(lǐng)袖。He is _ their natural leader. (2) 我認(rèn)出他是我朋友的哥哥。_recognized to be I rec

7、ognized him as my friends brother. 4. base beis vt. 以為根據(jù) n. 基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)(1) She used her familys history as a base for her novel. 她把她家人的經(jīng)歷作為她小說的籃本。 (2) I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday. 我把希望寄托在我們昨天得到的好消息上。小練：小練：中英互譯(1) 這部小說是以歷史事實為根據(jù)的。_ (2) His arguments had a sound economic base._His no

8、vel is based on historical facts. 他的結(jié)論在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面是有充分根據(jù)的。他的結(jié)論在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面是有充分根據(jù)的。 二、重點詞組二、重點詞組1. come up走近；上來；提出；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生(1) The seeds I sowed last week havent come up yet. 上周我種的種子尚未發(fā)芽。(2) It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.這個問題在會議上一定會被提出來的。(3) The teacher asked the naughty student to come

9、up to her. 老師叫那個淘氣的學(xué)生走到她跟前。(4) I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。小練：小練：用come構(gòu)成的詞組填空。(1) The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. (2) The magazine _ once a month.(3) The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.(4) They _ an old school friend in the street th

10、is morning.短語歸納：短語歸納：come across邂逅 come about發(fā)生come at向撲來；攻擊come out 出版；開花；結(jié)果是 come up with想出come round 繞道而來 come down落下；塌下 came at comes out come up with came across2. make use of 利用；使用You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practice English. 你應(yīng)該好好利用機(jī)會練習(xí)英語。短語歸納：短語歸納：make good use of 好好利用ma

11、ke full use of 充分利用make the best /most use of 充分利用小練：根據(jù)中文，補(bǔ)充下列句子。小練：根據(jù)中文，補(bǔ)充下列句子。(1) 要充分利用一切機(jī)會說英語。 every chance you have to speak English. (2) 我們要很好地發(fā)揮她的才能。We will her talents. Make full use of make good use of 3. such as例如；諸如(1) Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些詩人, 如濟(jì)慈和雪萊, 寫的

12、是浪漫主義的詩歌。(2) Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 蘭花和報春花之類的野花越來越少了。小練：小練：用such as或for example填空。(1) I like drinks _ tea and soda.(2) The report is incomplete; it doesnt include sales in France, _.such as for example 4. play a part (in) 扮演一個角色；參與(1) She plays an active part i

13、n local politics. 她積極參與地方政治活動。(2) She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她對該計劃的成功起了重要作用。小練：小練：中譯英(1) 有多少國家要參加世界杯賽？How many countries will the World Cup? (2) 對我來說，到哪兒吃飯都無所謂。對我來說，到哪兒吃飯都無所謂。 , I dont mind where to eat. 短語歸納：短語歸納：take part (in sth.)參加；參與（某事物）for my part 就我來說for the most p

14、art 整件上；通常take part in For my part 5. because of 因為；由于They are here because of us. 他們是因為我們來這里的。小練：小練：中譯英(1) 因為腿受傷了，他走得很慢。_ (2) Just because I dont complain, people think Im satisfied. _短語歸納：短語歸納：because of 是介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞 because 是連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句He walked slowly because of his injured leg. / He walked

15、 slowly because his leg was injured. 因為我沒發(fā)牢騷，人們就認(rèn)為我心滿意足了。因為我沒發(fā)牢騷，人們就認(rèn)為我心滿意足了。 三三、句子精析與仿寫、句子精析與仿寫1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。 句子分析：句子分析： 這里的even if they dont speak the same kind of English是引導(dǎo)讓步狀

16、語從句。even if等于even though，意思是“即使；盡管”。仿寫：仿寫： (1) 盡管我們學(xué)過“even though”，但我們還是發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)用它很難。_ (2) 史密斯先生雖然很忙，但他還是愿意幫我們。_ Even if we have learned “even though” we still find it difficult to use. Mr. Smith likes to help us even if/though he is very busy.2. It was based more on German than the English we speak at p

17、resent. 當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，但我們今天所說的英語不是。 句子分析：句子分析：morethan比更多；與其說倒不如說仿寫：仿寫： (1) 與其說令她害怕了不如說使她大吃一驚。She was _surprised _frightened.(2) 我的朋友湯姆得的獎比我得的多。_ more than My friend Tom has more prizes that he got than me.3. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as Standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)根本沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。 句

18、子分析：句子分析：there is no such as(世界上)沒有什么的，這里考查there be 句型一般后邊接名詞，such(. . . )as在這里相當(dāng)于like或for example。此外這里的believe it or not意思是“信不信由你、不管你信不信”，通常在句子中作插入語，由逗號和句子分開，一般起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用。 常見的插入語有： to be frank with you = to be honest with you 老實說 to tell you the truth 實話跟你說 to begin with 首先to be exact 準(zhǔn)確地說 to make t

19、hings worse更糟糕的是仿寫：仿寫： (1) 在他們看來，沒有不可能的事情。To them, there is simply no such thing as_.(2) 天下沒有免費(fèi)的午餐！There is no _ thing _ a free lunch!(3) 眾所周知，天下沒有不勞而獲這回事的！_such reality as something for nothing. impossibility such as It is known that there is no /As is known to all, there is no 4. The US is a large

20、 country in which many different dialects are spoken. 美國是一個大國，國內(nèi)有著許許多多的方言。 句子分析：句子分析：這里的in which many different dialects are spoken是由介詞in+which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，which指代先行詞country，這個地方是介詞提前，先行詞在從句中是作為in的賓語。介詞in也可以放在定語從句中，即which many different dialects are spoken in。所以in+which在這個地方相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where。仿寫：仿寫： (1) 他們來到一個

21、大花園，里面長著許多紅花綠樹。_(2) 陳冬是這所大學(xué)的學(xué)生, 在2009年和2010年這段時間他努力學(xué)習(xí)并被選為學(xué)生會主席。 Chen Dong was a student at this university from 2009 to 2010, _ he studied very hard and _.They went to a large garden in which many green trees and red flowers were.during which time was made chairman of the Students Union5. These men

22、spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. 這些人幾乎一生的時間為他們的字典收集單詞。句子分析：句子分析： 句子中的spend sb./sth. (in)doing. . . 意思是“花費(fèi)（時 間/金錢等）干”，有時也用spend sb./sth. on+sth.花費(fèi)（時間/金錢）在某物身上，它的主語一般是人，與它意思相近的還有其他動詞，如cost，pay for，take他們構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth. costs/cost sb. +價格 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢sb. pays/pai

23、d for sth. 某人付某物的錢it takes/took sb. st to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時間仿寫：仿寫： (1) 現(xiàn)在越來越多的成年人把他們的閑暇時間花在提高自己上。_ (2) 搜尋人員花了兩天時間來尋找那個失蹤的孩子。_ (3) 昨天我花費(fèi)200元買了那件毛衣。_ Now more and more adults spend their spare time improving themselves.The rescue team spent two days searching for the missing child.I spent 200 yuan on

24、 the sweater yesterday.6. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. 實際上，當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。 句子分析：句子分析：句子中base sth. on sth ，意思是“以某事物為另一事物的根據(jù)、證據(jù)等”，也常用be based on的形式“以 為準(zhǔn)”。此處base作為動詞使用，它還可以作為名詞。actually意為實際上，相當(dāng)于as a matter of fact / in fact / in reality。仿寫：仿寫： (1) 實際上，他們的友誼是建立在多年相互溝通的基礎(chǔ)上的。(base on, communication)_(2) 實際上學(xué)好英語有很多種方式，例如多背誦、多看書。(actually, a number of