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1、Step 1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理時(shí)態(tài):1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 表示一般性,經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí),通常有表示經(jīng)常性的副詞或短語做狀語:always, usually, often, seldom, at times, sometimes 等。2. 含有be 動(dòng)詞的句子3. 三單:A. 人稱代詞he, she, it 是第三人稱單數(shù)。He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。B. 單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語;是第三人稱單數(shù)。Han Mei looks like her mother. 韓梅看起來像她的母親。Beijing
2、is in China. 北京在中國(guó)。C. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí),是第三人稱單數(shù)。A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。This book is yours. 這本書是你的。D. 不定代詞someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代詞this, that 作主語時(shí),是第三人稱單數(shù)。Everyone is here. 大家到齊了。There is something wrong with the watch. 這塊手表有毛病。
3、E. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)為第三人稱單數(shù)。The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。The bread is very small. 那面包很小。F. 當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí),看作第三人稱單數(shù)。"6" is a lucky number. "6"是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。"I" is a letter. "I"是個(gè)字母。2. 一般過去時(shí)過去式是用來表達(dá)動(dòng)詞的“過了”、“完了”,“結(jié)束了”等意思,和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)沒有關(guān)系。一般過去式表示過去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。I met him yesterday.一般過去式構(gòu)成:動(dòng)
4、詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化如下:一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed ,如:worked played wanted acted以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d,如:lived moved decided declined hoped raised wiped以輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-y 變?yōu)?i 再加-ed,如:studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop - stopped beg - begg
5、ed drag - dragged drop - dropped plan planned注:不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, fly-flew, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, ride-rode, spea
6、k-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat一般過去時(shí)的基本用法 帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí),要用過去時(shí)yesterday、two days ago、last year、the other dayonce up on a time、just now、in the old days、before liberation、When I was 8 years oldDid you have a party the other day?Lei Feng was a good soldier. 注意 在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí),多用過去時(shí)。 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用
7、過去時(shí) 這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died. 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作常與always,never 等連用。比較Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是帶著傘。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用used to doHe used to drink. 他過去喝酒。比較I
8、 used to take a walk in the morning. 我過去是在早晨散步。I took a walk in the morning. 我曾經(jīng)在早晨散過步。 有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語,但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過去時(shí),I didn''t know you were in Paris.I thought you were ill.3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般用法(1) 表示此時(shí)此刻(說話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:The teacher is talking with this student.這位老師正在同他的學(xué)
9、生交談。What are you doing now?你現(xiàn)在干什么呢?(2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:We are doing an experiment this week.我們本星期在做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。(3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這一用法常用于go, come, leave, start等動(dòng)詞(大部分是短暫性動(dòng)詞),后面也常用表示較近的將來時(shí)間狀語(如tomorrow, tonight, this morning/ Friday等),表示安排或計(jì)劃好的事情。例如:We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.我們明天啟程去上海。(4) 現(xiàn)在
10、進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以和always連用表示一種看起來好像是連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作:“Hes always working.”他總是在工作。這種用法常表示說話人對(duì)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不耐煩,或是一種贊揚(yáng)的口氣。這個(gè)用法也可以用于第一人稱。用于第一人稱時(shí),這種動(dòng)作常是有意識(shí)的。2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成(1) 肯定句:主語am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞(2) 否定句:主語am/is/are not現(xiàn)在分詞(3)疑問句:Am/ Is/ Are主語現(xiàn)在分詞3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的縮寫形式(1) 肯定句:主語am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞(2) 否定句:主語am/is /are not現(xiàn)在分詞 注:一般疑問句沒有縮寫形式現(xiàn)在分詞1. 一般在動(dòng)詞原形
11、末尾加-ing 如:readreading2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去e加-ing 如:comecoming3. 以重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔 音字母,應(yīng)先雙寫這一輔音字母,再加-ing 如:sitsitting4. 以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變ie為y,再加-ing 如:lie(躺)lyingcome, go, leave等的進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來如:Im coming. Are you going to Chongqing tomorrow?4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的不同(1)用法不同:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和目前的狀態(tài);而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示現(xiàn)在或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事
12、情。如:We get up at six every morning.(表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作)The students are working on the farm these days.(表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的事情)(2)感情色彩不同:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不帶感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常有感情色彩。如:He studies well in the class.(指事實(shí))He is always studying well in the class.(表贊揚(yáng))(3)時(shí)間狀語不同:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用時(shí)間狀語有:every day/ week/ year, on Sunday, always, usually等等;而現(xiàn)
13、在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與時(shí)間狀語now, Listen! these days等連用。如:He usually watches TV on Saturday evening. They are playing football now.(4)英語中表示情感或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中。這類動(dòng)詞有:have(有),like,want等。I have two books. 不能寫成I am having two books.【重點(diǎn)詞組】1. come from = be from 短語動(dòng)詞,表示“來自”的意思。(1) I come from China. = I am from China. 我從中國(guó)來。
14、(2) Where do you come from? = Where are you from? 你從哪里來? 3. at night 表示“天黑時(shí);在夜里,夜間,晚上”(1) all night 整夜,通宵(2) Good night! 明天見!(3) late at night 在深夜(4) night after night 一夜又一夜地(5) night an day 晝夜,日夜不停地4. go to the movies movie 為美式英語,英式英語中用film表示電影; 去看電影通常用短語:go to the movies = go to a film(1) Let'
15、s go to the movies. 讓我們?nèi)タ措娪鞍伞?2)He wants to go to the movies.擴(kuò)展:去看電影的其他表示方式: go to see a movie, go to the cinema, go to a film, go and see film5. 關(guān)于play的短語:play the guitar 彈吉他play the flute wellplay cardsplay footballplay the part of Hamlet6. like to do sth. & like doing sth. (1) like to do sth.
16、 表示喜歡做某件具體的事或者一次性的活動(dòng)(2) like doing sth. 表示通常喜歡做某事,多指習(xí)慣和愛好I like playing basketball.I don't like to play basketball today.7. write to sb. 給寫信 (1) We must write to her. 我們必須給他寫信。(2) John often writes letters to Mary. = John often writes Mary letters. 約翰常給瑪麗寫信。8. next to 意為“接近;在旁邊,挨著的”。 這是一個(gè)介詞短語,相當(dāng)
17、于beside,其后常接表示場(chǎng)所、順序、價(jià)值的名詞。例如:(1) My desk is next to Kate's. 我的桌在在凱特的臨近。(2)Which is the town next to London in size?哪座城市在面積上僅次于倫敦?9. in front of是 “在前面;當(dāng)面”的意思。例如:(1) He is standing in front of me. 他正站在我的面前。(2) There is a tall tree in front of my house. 我家房前有一個(gè)課樹。10. other/ others/ the other/ anoth
18、er(1) onethe other 表示“一個(gè)另一個(gè)” (總數(shù)為2個(gè))(2) some the others 表示“一些另一些” (總數(shù)為2部分) (3) one another 表示“一個(gè)又一個(gè)” (總數(shù)不確定)(4) some(some) others 表示“一些又一些” (總數(shù)不確定)11. talk about 說話;談話;談?wù)?talk with 與.交談12. work with 與共事, 與合作They work with each other with one heart. 她們同心協(xié)力。擴(kuò)展:work out(1) 得出,算出- How much do I owe you?
19、 我欠你多少呢?- I havent worked it out yet. 我還沒算呢。(2) 想出;制訂出We must work out a way to have a cheap holiday. 我們必須得想出個(gè)辦法,過了便宜的假期。(3) 解決;確定Can you work out on the map where we are now? 你能在地圖上找到我們現(xiàn)在所在的位置嗎? 13. help 動(dòng)詞,名詞,幫助(1) help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事 Jim helped me to do my homework yesterday. 吉姆昨天幫我做作業(yè)。
20、(2) help sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事 Jim helped me with my homework yesterday. 吉姆昨天幫我做作業(yè)。14. be busy doing 忙于做某事He is busy reading his book. 他正忙于讀他的書。15. do one's homework homework 表示“家庭作業(yè),課外作業(yè)”,為不可數(shù)名詞。(1) Do you finish your homework? 你做完功課了嗎?(2) I finish doing my homework. 我做完作業(yè)了。(3) At night, the chi
21、ldren always do their homework. 晚上孩子們總是做作業(yè)。擴(kuò)展:housework表示“家務(wù)”,為不可數(shù)名詞。(1) I always help my mum with the housework.(2) I prefer to do my homework rather than do housework.16. (talk ) on the phone 打電話You are wanted on the phone. 你有電話。Mike is watching TV while talking on the phone. 邁克正在邊看電視邊打電擴(kuò)展:與on the
22、 phone 類似使用的電器類的還有:on TV, on the radio, on mobile phone(1) Is there anything good on TV? 電視上還有什么有趣的節(jié)目嗎?(2) I heard it on the radio. 我從無線電廣播中聽到了這消息。17. want to do 想要做would like to do 想要做18. 辨析lets和let us用Lets時(shí),把談話者的對(duì)象包括在內(nèi);用Let us時(shí),并不包括對(duì)方 (1) Lets try it, shall we?&
23、#160; (2) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 19. thank sb for + 名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞,因而感謝某人Thank you for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。= Thank you for helping me.20. be with sb. 和某人在一起stay with sb. 和某人待在一起stay at home 待在家里On Sundays I usually stay with my parents. 星期天我通常和父母待在
24、一起。In this photo I'm with my grandfather. 在這照片里,我和爺爺在一起。During SARS, many people stay at home. “非典”期間,很多人待在家里。21. have a good time 玩的高興=have fun =enjoy + 反身代詞We are having a good time in the park. 我們?cè)诠珗@里玩的很高興。=We are having fun in the park.=We are enjoying ourselves in the park.擴(kuò)展:(1) enjoy doin
25、g sth. 享受做某事,喜歡做某事 (2) fun作名詞,為樂趣。 fan作名詞時(shí),可指迷,也可以指扇子。 (3) time作名詞,有時(shí)間,次數(shù),倍數(shù)的意思。22. be surprised 對(duì)感到驚奇I am surprised he is a policeman. 我很驚奇他是一位警察。He is surprised at you. 他對(duì)你的行為感到驚訝。We are surprised to meet him on the street. 我們很驚訝在街上遇見了他。擴(kuò)展: to one's surprise 令某人驚奇的是To my surprise, he is coming
26、. 令我驚奇的是,他居然來了。Step2重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析難點(diǎn)一、形容詞性物主代詞:形容詞性物主代詞我的my 單數(shù)你的your他的his她的her它的its我們的our復(fù)數(shù)你們的your他們的their難點(diǎn)二、some 與any 的辨析: some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí),后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.Some rice in the bag has been sold out. any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容詞時(shí),后面可以
27、接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。If you have any questions, please ask me.There isn't any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea? any和some也可以作代詞用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I can't see any.If you have no money, I'll lend you some.注意:與some, any結(jié)合的
28、詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。難點(diǎn)三、speak/say/talk/tell的辨析 這四個(gè)詞都說、講、談?dòng)嘘P(guān)系。但用法不同:1. speak可作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示(與某人)說話/演講、發(fā)言;The baby can't speak now.也可作及物動(dòng)詞,后接某種語言。I can't speak English. 2. say 強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容,可與直接引語連用He says, "China is great.&
29、quot;3. talk 表示通過談話交換意見和信息,用作不及物動(dòng)詞,后跟介詞“to , with, about” 搭配。其中: talk to表示對(duì)某人說;talk with表示和某人說話; talk about表示談?wù)?. tell 用作及物動(dòng)詞:1) 接雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語; Please tell me something about your family.2) 告訴某人做某事:tell sb. to do sth.My mother tells me to water the flowers.3) 跟 story/jokes 連用,表示“講故事,講笑話”My mother always
30、 tells me the story before I go to sleep. 難點(diǎn)四、little, a little , few, a few 辨析1. few , a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞; little , a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞2. a few, a little 含肯定意味; few , little 含否定意味。肯定否定可數(shù)a fewfew不可數(shù)a little little1)He has a few friends. 他有幾個(gè)好朋友。 2)He has few friends. 他沒有朋友。 3)We still have a little time. 我們還有
31、點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 4)There is little time left. 沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。難點(diǎn)五、表示方位的介詞或者介詞短語1. at 在地點(diǎn)He stands at the end of the line. 他站在最后一排的最后。Let's meet at the school gate.2. in 在里面,在(大地點(diǎn))We will have a meeting in the classroom. 我們將在教室開會(huì)。There are many Chinese restaurant in New York.3. on 在上面Put the books on the shelf. 把書放
32、在書架上。My brother works on the farm. 4. between 在之間 The little girl is sitting between her parents. 這個(gè)小女孩做在她父母的中間。The village lies between two mountains. 這個(gè)村子位于兩座山之間。The post office is between the bank and the book store. 5. behind 在后面I stand behind her in line. 我排在她的后面。She walks behind me. 她在我后面走。6.
33、in front of . 在的前面,前部(空間范圍外)There is a park in front of the house. 這所房子前面有個(gè)公園。in the front of . 在的前面(空間范圍內(nèi))There is a post office in the front of the building. 這座建筑物的前面是個(gè)郵局。 對(duì)比:There is a table in the front of the classroom. There is a tree in front of the classroom. 7. across from.在對(duì)面The school is
34、across from my house. 學(xué)校在我家的對(duì)面。8. next to 在隔壁The building next to the post office is the bank. 郵局旁邊的建筑物是銀行。難點(diǎn)六、wear, put on , dress 辨析1.dress sb. 給某人穿衣服,dress sb up 打扮某人;2.put on “穿上,戴上”,表動(dòng)作;3.wear“穿著,戴著”,表狀態(tài),與“be in”同義。The boy dressed himself quickly. 男孩快速地穿上衣服。Mother dressed her baby in a red skir
35、t. 母親給嬰兒穿上紅裙子。The lady dressed herself up and went to the party. 這位女士穿上盛裝去參加聚會(huì)了。Jim put on his coat and went out. 吉姆穿上大衣出去了。Lily is wearing a red skirt today. 莉莉今天穿了一條紅裙子。難點(diǎn)七、sound, feel, taste, smell, look 等感官類系動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)),也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí),后面接形容詞作表語(不可接副詞做表語),翻譯時(shí),翻譯成起來1. This kind of food tastes
36、good. 這種食物嘗起來味道很好。2. Ice always feels cold to us. 對(duì)我們來說冰摸起來總是冷的。3. She looks well today. 她今天看上去很不錯(cuò)。(well 是形容詞,表身體好)4. Your idea sounds good. 你的想法聽起來很好。5. The flowers smell sweet. 那些花聞起來很香。難點(diǎn)八、interested; interesting; interest 辨析:1. interested 表示“感興趣的”,它常用來指人對(duì)某事物(或人)感興趣, 在句中作表語,不能做定語。Some of my class
37、mates are interested in Bill Gates. 我的一些同學(xué)對(duì)比爾蓋茨感興趣。2. interesting 表示“有趣的”常用來指對(duì)某物(或人)有趣,在句中作表語或定語。This book is very interesting and I am interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣。3. interest 用作形容詞,意為“興趣,趣味”Tennis is one of his main interests. 網(wǎng)球是他主要的愛好之一。I have no interest in Russian. 我對(duì)俄語沒有興趣。I'll try to
38、 interest her in the problem. 我將盡力使她對(duì)這個(gè)問題感興趣。難點(diǎn)九、Let1.省略to 的不定式,表示讓某人做某事Let me help you. 該句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,let 和help 但是,我們需要明白,其中的help 是一種省略to 的不定式。初中階段,相同用法的動(dòng)詞有:一聽一感二讓三看:hear; feel; make,let; see, watch,notice2. Let's go. 走吧。其完整形式是:Let us go. 讓我們走吧。其中的“'s”的us(我們)的縮寫。難點(diǎn)九、arrive, get , reach 辨析: 1. ar
39、rive in +大地點(diǎn), arrive at+ 小地點(diǎn),如:We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon. 我們下午五點(diǎn)到達(dá)那個(gè)小村莊。When did you arrive in Beijing? 你們是何時(shí)到北京的?。?. get to + 地點(diǎn)名詞:How do you usually get to school? 你通常怎么到學(xué)校?3. reach 是及物動(dòng)詞,后邊直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。When she reached the office, the teacher was having a short rest. 當(dāng)她到達(dá)辦公室時(shí),
40、老師正在休息。Step 3重點(diǎn)語法講解I. there be 句型: 表示存在,意為“有”。即“某處有某物”。 結(jié)構(gòu): there is /are +名詞+介詞短語(表示地點(diǎn))/ 地點(diǎn)副詞。 There is a pen and three books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆和三本書。1. 否定形式:在be動(dòng)詞后面加not There is not a post office near here. 這兒附近沒有郵局。2. 一般疑問句形式:將be動(dòng)詞移到there前: -Are there two balls in the bag? 包里有兩個(gè)球嗎? -Yes, there
41、are. (肯定回答)/ No, there aren't.(否定回答)3. 對(duì)句子中的數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問。 There are six pencils in the pencil box. (對(duì)畫線部分提問) How many pencils are there in the pencil box?注意:1. There be句型表示的是“有”的意思,翻譯是不需要“這”There is a book on the table. 有一本書在桌子上。不能翻譯成:這有一本書在桌子上。2. 句型中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用: is:主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)are:主語是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)There is
42、 a pen on the desk. 有一支鋼筆在桌上。There is some bread on the table. 有一些面包在桌上。There are two children in the room. 主謂一致:如果there be 句型后的主語是幾個(gè)并列的名詞時(shí),則根據(jù)離謂語be最近的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)確定be的形式,即該名詞時(shí)單數(shù),be用is;如果該名詞是復(fù)數(shù),be用are:There is a bird and two boys in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥和一個(gè)男孩。There are some apples and a bird in the tree. 3. 與hav
43、e(has)的區(qū)別兩者都有“有”的意思,但there be 句型強(qiáng)調(diào)“某處有某物/某人”,著重“存在”的狀態(tài);have 強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人有某物”,著重“所有、擁有”There are three children in my family. 我家有三個(gè)孩子。I have three children. 我有三個(gè)孩子。 注意:正因?yàn)閮烧咧g的這種區(qū)別,There be 句型中不能出現(xiàn)have或者h(yuǎn)as 冠詞冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義。它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞the(the Definite Article),另一種是不定冠詞a/ an(the
44、 Indefinite Article),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article),即不用冠詞的情況。(1)不定冠詞a(an)與數(shù)詞one同源,是“一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前,而an用于元音音素前。經(jīng)常用于第一次出現(xiàn)的人或物前,表示“一個(gè)”。例如:There is an apple and a pear here. 這里有一個(gè)蘋果和一個(gè)梨。表人或物中的某一類。例如:A bird can fly. 鳥兒會(huì)飛。用于固定詞組或成語中。a little/ a few/ a lot of/ in a hurry/ in a minute/ in a work/ in a short while/
45、 after a while/ have a cold/ have a try.(2)定冠詞the與指示代詞this、that同源,有“這(那)個(gè)”的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如:Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。上文提到過的人或事。例如:He bought a house. I like the house.他買了幢房子,我喜歡那幢房子。指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如:the sun/ the sky/ the moon/ the earth與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物。例如:The fox is very smart
46、. 狐貍非常聰明。用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)的前面及形容詞only,very,same等前面。例如:I live on the second floor. 我住在二樓。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)等專有名詞前。例如:the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)the United States美國(guó)用在表示樂器的名詞之前。例如:She can play the piano. 她會(huì)彈鋼琴。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人。例如:the Gree
47、ns格林一家人(或格林夫婦)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有各種意義,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài),這樣的動(dòng)詞稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, need, dare等。1)can, could的用法can的用法(1)表示能力、許可、可能性。如:She can swim fast, but I cant. 她能游得快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。(2)表示許可。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。(3)表示
48、推測(cè),意為“可能”,常用與否定句和疑問句中,此時(shí)cant譯為“不可能”。如:Can the news be true? 這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?注意:can和be able to的用法和區(qū)別兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同,但can只有原形和過去式兩種形式,在其他時(shí)態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力,花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。如:Jim cant speak English. 吉姆不會(huì)說英語。 Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。could的用法(1)can的過去式,意為“能、會(huì)”,表示過去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫詩(shī)。(2)在疑問句中,表示委婉的語氣,此時(shí)could沒有過去的意思。may, might的用法
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