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1、叮叮小文庫13 年 12 月四六級考綱關(guān)于翻譯題有兩點(diǎn)大綱變動 ,1、句子翻譯改為段落漢譯英翻譯2、考試范圍由 “校園文化、民生發(fā)展、科技興國、生命科學(xué)、求職就業(yè)”改為 “校園文化、社會生活、餐飲娛樂、民生發(fā)展、科技興國、生命科學(xué)、求職就業(yè)、新興學(xué)科發(fā)展、中國傳統(tǒng)文化 ”,其中亮點(diǎn)就是 新增了難度較大的文化領(lǐng)域。為此,針對傳統(tǒng)文化,需要掌握以下文化語句的通用表達(dá),必背16 句 !一、對龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、 雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。 中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心 目中,龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓
2、意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chi
3、nese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈,通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演 服裝,他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間,人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲,不管外面天 氣有多冷,他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來,中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌 隊(duì),隊(duì)
4、員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康,同事他們也樂在其中。Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people he
5、ar the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世
6、界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城,就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵 塔,或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說: “不到長城非好漢。 ”實(shí)際上,長城最初只是一 些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻, 直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。 然而, 今天我們看到的長城 東起山海關(guān), 西至嘉峪關(guān) 大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just l
7、ike going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Gre
8、at Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people' s favorite traditional dishes. According to anancient Chin
9、ese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There arethree steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpli ng stuffi ng; 3) make dumpli ngs and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and ten der st
10、uffi ng, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumpli ngs are worth eat ing hun dreds of times. There ' s an old saying that claims,“ Nothing could be more delicious than dumplingsSpring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicio
11、us custom of eat ing dumpli ngs. To Chin ese people who show high reverence for family love, havi ng dumpli ngs at the mome nt the old year is replaced bythe new is an esse ntial part ofbidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括:1)搟皮、2)備餡、3)包餡水煮三個
12、步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩,味道鮮美,形狀獨(dú)特,百食不厭。民間有好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗,寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國 人來說,更歲交子”吃餃子,更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。五、 Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordanee with the“ main and collateral channels n TCM, the puqoye of acupuncture is todredge the ch
13、annel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body' s yin and yangachieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that"in ternal diseases are to be treated with exter nal therapy” . The main therapy of acup uncture invousing needles to pi
14、erce certain acupoints of the patient' s body, or adopting moxibustion tothe patient ' s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pa in. With its unique advantages, acup uncture has bee n han ded dow ngen eratio n after gen erati on and has now spread all over theworld. Nowadays
15、, acup uncture, along with Chin ese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chin ese martial arts), and traditi onal Chin ese medici ne, has bee n intern ati on ally hailed as one of the“ treasures. ”針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論,針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血,來達(dá) 到陰陽歸于平衡,使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)病外治”主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位,或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪?/p>
16、的穴位,以達(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢,流傳至今并傳播到了世界,與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國的新四大國粹”六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundan ce. It is a traditi onal Chin ese sport which applies the art of attack and defe nee in combat and the motions engaged with a
17、series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived fromthe Confucian theory of bot h “ themean and harmony "and “ cultivating qi "(otherwise known as no urish ing one' s spirit). Mean while, it also in cludes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chin ese kung fuhas a l
18、ong history, with multi-various sects and many differe nt box ing styles, and emphasizes coupli ng hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers'pon deri ng of life and the uni verse. The skills in wieldi ng the 18 kinds of weap ons n amed by t
19、he later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will box ing (Xin gyiqua n), eight trigram palm (Baguazha ng), and the skills of kung fu weap onry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomaha
20、wks, kooks, prongs and so on.中國功夫即中國武術(shù),是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目,承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說,同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流 派林立、拳種繁多,講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修,蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武 藝,主要指:徒手拳藝,如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等;器械功夫,如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember
21、 things.After a long period of developme nt, it fin ally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advaneed in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are rega
22、rded as the orig inal forms of Chin ese characters. Afterwards, Chin ese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chin ese characters are usually round outside and square in side, which is rooted
23、in an cie nt Chin ese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a recta ngular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chin ese characters are “- "(the horizontal stroke) ” (the vertical stroke), 7” (:he left-falling stroke), ” (the right- falling stroke), and 乙 ” (the turning stroke).漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫,經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最
24、終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字。 現(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文,被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后,漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、 楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)外圓內(nèi)方:源于古人”天圓地方 的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫,即:橫、豎、撇、捺、折。丿八、 Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopst
25、icks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were take n as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. Fo
26、r example, the partial tone of chopsticks is ofte n used by people as a metaphor at wedd ings to in dicate a bless ing or ben edict ion for the couple to have a baby soon. Un like using a knife and fork or one ' own han ds, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of" Harmony is what m
27、atters” . Chopsticks are highWesterners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年??曜庸艜r稱為箸, 它看似簡單,但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物, 如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同,成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有和為貴 的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。九、 Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp
28、. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dyn asties have differe nt titles, such as stamp, zhu no te, con tract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warr
29、ing States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to en grave fon ts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chin ese seal is not only use
30、d in daily life, but it is also used to represe nt sig natures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually beco ming one of China' s unique artworks.印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂,而帝王所用 的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載,印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字 體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成,形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色鈐蓋,除日常應(yīng)用外,又多用于書畫題識,逐漸
31、成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Bran ches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, che n, si, wu, wei, she n, you, xu, hai. After o
32、bservi ng the lunar mon th, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar mon ths acco unt for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heave nly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Bran ches are properly matched in turn. In terms of record ing da
33、te, 60 years is con sidered to be a full time cycle. The Chin ese era chrono logy was first inven ted in ancient times and is still in use now. accord ing to the chrono logy of the“ ten Heave nly Stems,” 2011 is the year ofHeavenly Stems ” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.天干地支是中國歷法中用以
34、記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸;十二地支為:子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月,發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù),而兩個朔望月約是 60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配,記錄不同年份,60年為一個輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法,2011年便是辛卯年。十、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “ Oriental Opera” , Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessenee of China. It originated fr
35、om many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in souther n China. At the end of the 19th Cen tury, Beiji ng Opera evolved and took shape, beco ming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performanee,acrobatix fighting and dance. Beij
36、ing Opera portrays and narrates the plot andcharacters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), ji ng (pa in ted face, male), and chou( clow n, male or female).京劇被譽(yù)為 東方歌劇”,是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇,特別是南方的 徽班”。到了 19世紀(jì)末,京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜
37、合性表演藝術(shù), 集唱(歌唱)、念(念白)、做(表演)、打(武)、舞(舞蹈)為一體,通過程式化的表演手段,敘述故事,刻畫人物。角 色主要分生(男性)、旦(女性)、凈(男性)、丑(男性女性皆有)四大行當(dāng)。十二、 Chin ese Taoism Taoism first origi nated in China. The foun der of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopherand thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose author
38、ship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being' s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from onemind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The follo
39、w ing is an example of Laozi s golde n sayihg: The way that can be told of is not an un vary ing way;The n ames that can be n amed are not un vary ing n ames. It was from the n ameless that Heave n and Earth spra ng; The n amed is but the mother that rears the ten thousa nd creatures, each after its
40、 kind.Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret esse nces; He that has n ever rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的道德經(jīng) 為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為,修身養(yǎng)性。道可道,非常道。名可名,非常名。無名天地之始;有名萬物之母。故常無,欲以觀其妙;常有,欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。十三、 Chinese Id
41、ioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressi on s. Idioms are established and accepted by con sta nt usage and com mon practice. An idiom is a Ian guage un it that is larger tha n a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. MostChinese idioms cons
42、ist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremittingefforts toimprove on eself), qin gchuyula n( bluer tha n in digo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-k nown say
43、in gs. Idioms are a part of the Chin ese Ian guage that are con cise and have great vitality.中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語。成語”中的 成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個漢字組成,例如:自強(qiáng)不息、青 出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而 成,是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。十四、 China is the home of silk. Mulberry plantin
44、g, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all greatinven tio ns of the ancient Chi nese. As early as the Sha ng and Zhou Dyn asties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people' -wsaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the WesternHan Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outsta
45、nding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and conn ected Chi na with the Persia n Gulf and the Mediterra nean, ope ning up a new era of Sin o-foreig n trade, excha nge and com muni cati on. From the n on, China ' sslk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and colo
46、r, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就 已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域,把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來,開辟了中外交流 貿(mào)易的新紀(jì)元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世,成為中國文 化的象征。東方文明的
47、使者。十五、The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is akind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural Iandscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is“ a
48、rtificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sighclassical garde n, you should be able to appreciate its artistic con cept which“Iandscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers. Of the world 'thsee major garde n systems, the Chin ese classical
49、 garde n is hailed as one of the origi ns of the world to its long history and abundant conno tati ons.中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機(jī)結(jié)合的環(huán)境藝術(shù),是我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的珍寶。其建造原則是 妙極自然,宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林,能充分領(lǐng)略假自然之景,創(chuàng)山水真趣 ”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中,中國園林歷史悠久、內(nèi)涵豐富,被譽(yù)為世界造園史上的淵源之一。十六、 The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink s
50、tick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are ofte n referred to as theTreasures of the Study.” irThierusli and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write andpaint since 5,000 years ago .In the Qin Dyn asty (221BC-206BC), people
51、 already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used in stead of n atural ink. After paper was inven ted by the Chin ese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surf
52、aces, gradually faded out.The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty(960AD- 1279AD), the“ Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brushproduced in Huzhou, Zhejia ng prov in ce; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huiz
53、hou, An hui prov ince;xua n paper, a kind of paper produced in Xua nzhou, An hui provi nee; and dua nyan, the ink stone made in Zhao qing, Guan gdo ng provi nee (Zhao qing was earlier called Duan zhou). I ndeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writt in the whole Chin ese civilizati on, as it i
54、s.筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當(dāng)中必備的寶貝,被稱為文房四寶”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆;漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨;有了紙張以后,簡牘錦帛 逐失其用;硯臺則隨筆墨的使用而發(fā)展。文房四寶”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯。可以說文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明。練習(xí)一:和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個世紀(jì),人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn),生靈涂炭,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長,主要得益于相對和平穩(wěn)定的國 際環(huán)境。我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則,充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國及其安理會在維護(hù)和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方 面的核心作用。堅(jiān)
55、持通過對話和協(xié)商,以和平方式解決國際爭端。我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國際社會平等一員,以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全,做到一國內(nèi)部的事情一國自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦,堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義和國際合作,推進(jìn)國際關(guān)系民主化。練習(xí)二:關(guān)于吃月餅這個傳統(tǒng)的來歷有兩個傳說。一個是唐朝的神話故事,說的是當(dāng)時地球被10個太陽包圍著。有一天10個太陽同時出現(xiàn)在天空中,巨大的熱量幾乎把地球烤焦了。多虧一位名叫后羿的 神箭手射下了 9個太陽,地球才被保住。為了獎勵后羿,王母娘娘賜給后羿一種長生不老藥,但是王母 警告他必須正當(dāng)使用。然而后羿沒有理會王母娘娘的警告,他被名利沖昏了頭腦,
56、變成了一個暴君。后羿美麗的妻子嫦娥對他的暴行再也不能袖手旁觀,于是她偷走了后羿的長生不老藥,飛到月亮上逃避后 羿的狂怒。從此就有了關(guān)于月宮仙子嫦娥,這個月亮上的美麗女人的傳說。翻譯解析及答案參考:練習(xí)一參考翻譯及詳解和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ)。上個世紀(jì),人類經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn),生靈涂炭,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展遭受嚴(yán)重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠快速增長,主要得益于相對和平穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境。Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foun dati on for developme nt. The two world wars in the
57、last cen tury caused mankind un told sufferi ngs and world econo mic and social developme nt severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable intern ati on al en vir onment that the world economy has bee n able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.和平穩(wěn)定"固定說法:peace an
58、d stability得益于"用了句型it is due to.我們應(yīng)該恪守聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則,充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國及其安理會在維護(hù)和平、締造和平、建設(shè)和平方面的核心作用。堅(jiān)持通過對話和協(xié)商,以和平方式解決國際爭端。We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and
59、peace buildi ng. We should seek peaceful settleme nt of intern ati onal disputes through dialogue and con sultati on.宗旨和原貝U "固定說法:the purposes and principles我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持國家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富都是國際社會平等一員,以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實(shí)現(xiàn)共同安全,做到一國內(nèi)部的事情一國自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦,堅(jiān)定不移奉行多邊主義 和國際合作,推進(jìn)國際關(guān)系民主化。All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of th
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