英國文學史復習資料(三年級專業(yè)生期末考試必備)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英國文學史資料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 貝奧武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers

2、Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（頭韻） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a contro

3、lled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里喬叟1340(?)1400(首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國文學史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰德萊頓（John Dryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive

4、(綜合的，廣泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(雙韻體) by m

5、iddle English特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德 聲譽之宮Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(傳奇故事) Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight BeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spi

6、rit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and

7、 astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯賓塞15521599（后人稱之為“詩人的詩人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Wes

8、terminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet”? ( B ) A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but somet

9、hing more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日歷 The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 愛情小唱n2. Thom

10、asl More托馬斯莫爾14781535 One of the greatest English humanists烏托邦n3. Francisl Bacon弗蘭西斯培根15611626（哲學家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學的奠基人和近代實驗科學的先驅(qū)。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.nWriting style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-a

11、rranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.學術(shù)的推進隨筆(famous quotas: )nThe theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4.Ben Jonson狐貍5. Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗馬洛15641595 “University Wits”,

12、the pioneer of English drama（完善了無韻體詩。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to _ with his “mighty lines” ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse 浮士德博士的悲?。ǜ鶕?jù)德國民間故事書寫成） 帖木耳大帝n 馬耳他的猶太人6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亞15641616lHistorical

13、plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大歡喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之夢; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆萊特; 奧賽羅; 李爾王; 麥克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricte

14、d to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century 1. John Milton約翰彌爾頓16081674（詩人、政論家;失明后寫 失樂園、復樂園、力士參孫。）Epics:失樂園n復樂園Dramatic poem:力士參孫 論出版自由n為英國人民聲辯 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for

15、 God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan約翰班揚16281688（代表作天路歷程，宗教寓言，被譽為“具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是英國文學史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的神曲、奧古斯丁的懺悔錄并列為世界三大宗教題材文學杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派詩人)Religionary Allegory:天路歷程n3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄學派詩人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄學詩)：（用語）the diction is

16、simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主題：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻2. syllogism三段論 Meditations 沉思錄The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:IV The 18th Ce

17、ntury：Enlightenment同時為美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭與法國大革命提供了框架，并且導致了資本主義和社會主義的興起，與音樂史上的巴洛克時期以及藝術(shù)史上的新古典主義時期是同一時期。 A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centr

18、ies, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小說崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel現(xiàn)實主義小說)Gothic novel(哥特式小說)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)1. Alexander Pope亞歷山

19、大蒲柏16881744（18世紀英國最偉大的詩人，其詩多用“英雄雙韻體”/ “ heroic couplets”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C ) A. J

20、ohn Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift 批評論n Artistic features: 1.Using “heroic couplets” 卷發(fā)遇劫記 道德論人論n愚人記2. Samuell Johnson塞繆爾約翰遜17091784 Dictionary =英語大詞典n3. Jonathan Swift喬納森斯威夫特16671745（十八世紀杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家a master satirist。） 格列佛游記(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput 小人國 Brobd

21、ingnag 大人國 Flying Island 飛島 Houyhnhnm 馬島一個小小的建議n 書戰(zhàn) 木桶的故事n 一個麻布商的書信4. Daniel Defoe丹尼爾笛福16601731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀英國現(xiàn)實主義小說的奠基人。）lHe is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. 魯賓遜漂流記It

22、 praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, s

23、truggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. 5. Henry Fielding亨利菲爾丁17071754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為“英國小說之父” 。） He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文體史詩), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and sty

24、le. novels:棄嬰湯姆瓊斯約瑟夫安德魯大詩人江奈生威爾德愛米利亞n plays:一七三六年歷史記事堂吉柯德在英國n6. Oliver Goldsmith奧利弗格爾德斯密斯17301774 poems:旅游人荒村 novel:威克菲爾德牧師傳n7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利施萊登17511816 情敵n 造謠學校8. William Blake威廉布萊克17571827 天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 經(jīng)驗之歌 A word of misery, poverty, diseas

25、e, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence 天堂與地獄的婚姻n9. Robert Burns羅伯特彭斯17591796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩 約翰安德生，我的愛人 一朵紅紅的

26、玫瑰n 往昔時光 不管那一套n 我的心在那高原上 V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death. Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人應該是獨立自由的個體) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous em

27、otion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔詩人，who lived

28、 in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth威廉華茲華斯17701850（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“”詩人。 The Lake Poets） 抒情歌謠集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and kno

29、wledge fullof peace” 2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets p

30、hilosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤獨的割麥女 序曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞繆爾泰勒科爾律治17721834 The Lake Poets 古舟子頌 柯里斯塔貝爾 忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 憂郁頌 抒情歌謠集(with Will

31、iam Wordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron喬治戈登拜倫17881824（拜倫式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內(nèi)心充滿了孤獨與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一個“拜倫式英雄”。）l “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. 唐璜恰爾德哈羅德爾游記該隱 當初我們倆分別 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪萊17

32、921822 Poetic Drama：解放了的普羅米修斯 Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression 麥布女王伊斯蘭的反叛欽契一家詩辯無神論的必要性 Lyrics: 西風頌 Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of l

33、ife from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something d

34、ies. Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelleys Ode to the West Wind is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to t

35、ake control and revive life. Artistic features: Using rerza rima(三行詩aba bcb cdc ded efe )致云雀 5. Johnl Keats約翰濟慈17951821 (“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩句。) Four great odes: 希臘古甕頌夜鶯頌心靈頌 憂郁頌 秋頌n Theme: The theme of John Keats poem, To Autumn, is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glorie

36、s of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader. Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas repre

37、sents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day. 6. Jane Austen簡奧斯丁17751817lShe compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 理智與感情 傲慢與偏見(chapter I) 【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in th

38、e end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins,

39、 Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters曼斯菲爾德莊園愛瑪諾桑覺寺勸導7. Walterl Scott沃爾特斯科特17711832 (歷史小說之父”)Father of history novels 羅伯羅伊 艾凡赫VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the c

40、ommon people and everyday events.1. Charles Dickens查爾斯狄更斯18121870（批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家）critical realist writer 匹克威克外傳 奧利弗特維斯特（霧都孤兒） 老古玩店 圣誕頌歌 董貝父子大衛(wèi)科波菲爾 荒涼山莊艱難時世 雙城記(London & Paris) 遠大前程 我們共同的朋友 是英國19世紀小說繁榮時期最杰出的代表作家，影響遍及歐美以及世界各國。他那富有社會批判意義的現(xiàn)實主義小說不僅使英國文壇煥然一新，而且對世界文學的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉

41、麥克匹斯薩克雷18111863 or a Novel without a Hero名利場(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan) 3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特18161855 簡愛Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. The

42、re she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women strugglin

43、g for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. 雪莉 教師 4. Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特18181854 呼嘯山莊A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, so

44、n Edgar, daughter Isabella 5. George Eliot喬治艾略特18191880l 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 亞當比德 織工馬南米德爾馬契 6. Alfred Tennyson阿爾弗萊德丁尼生18091892（維多利亞時代最具代表性的偉大詩人）Poet Laureate （桂冠詩人） 悼念 To memorialize his friend 國王敘事詩7. Robert Browning羅伯特白朗寧18121889 我已故的公爵夫人 海外鄉(xiāng)思Elizabeth Barrett Browing: 葡萄牙十四行詩8. Robert Louis Stevenson 金銀島 9.

45、 Thomasl Hardy托馬斯哈代18401928（小說多以農(nóng)村生活為背景；自然主義小說家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment） Novels 德伯家的苔絲Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 無名的裘德 綠蔭下遠離塵囂 卡斯特橋市長還鄉(xiāng)PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列國VII 19001950 The 20th Centur

46、yPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde奧斯卡王爾德18561900（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies:認真的重要 溫德米爾夫人的扇子一個無足輕重的女人理想的丈夫 Novel:多利安格雷的畫像 Fairy Stories:快樂王子故事集2. George Bernard Shaw喬治伯納蕭18561950(英國杰出的批判現(xiàn)實主義劇作家）critical realistic dramatist Plays Plays Unpleasant 華倫夫人的職業(yè)鰥夫的房產(chǎn) Plays Pleasant 武器與人左右命運的人Pl