第二學期商英閱讀期末試卷和答案.docxVIP

1、光華管理學院2010-2011學年第二學期期末考試試題（A卷）課程名稱：商務英語（閱讀）任課教師：考試日期：2011年6月 日 考試時間：1.5小時學生類別：本科年級班號：考生姓名：考生學號：考試方式：閉卷試 題：（注意：答案一律寫在答題紙，否則不計分）I. Reading comprehension (60 points in total; paraphrasing items in Passage Four: 3 points each; others: 1.5 points each)Passage ONEWHEN Parliament decided, in 1709, to crea

2、te a law that would protect books from piracy, the London-based publishers and booksellers who had been pushing for such proteclion were oveijoyed. When Queen Anne gave her assent on April 10th the following year30() years ago this weekto "An act fbr the encouragement of learning" they wer

3、e less enthused. Parliament had given them rights, but it had set a time limit on them: 21 years for books already in print and 14 years for new ones, with an additional 14 years if the author was still alive when the first term ran out. After that, the material would enter the public domain so that

4、 anyone could reproduce it. The lawmakers intended thus to balance the incentive to create with the interest lhat society has in free access to knowledge and art. The Statute of Anne thus helped nurture and channel the srxite of inventiveness that Enlightenment society and its successors have since

5、enjoyed.Over the past 50 years, however, that balance has shifted. Largely thanks to the entertainment industry's lawyers and lobbyists, copyright's scope and duration have vastly increased. In America, copyright holders get 95 years' protection as a result of an extension granted in 199

6、8, derided by critics as the “Mickey Mouse Protection Act". They are now calling fbr even greater protection, and there have been efforts to introduce similar terms in Europe. Such arguments should be resisted: it is time to tip the balance back.Lengthy protection, it is argued, increases the i

7、ncentive to create. Digital technology seems to strengthen the argument: by making copying easier, it seems to demand greater protection in return. The idea of extending copyright also has a moral appeal. Intellectual property can seem very like real property, especially when it is yours, and not so

8、me faceless corporation's. As a result people feel that once they own it一especially if they have made it一they should go on owning it, much as they would a house that they could pass on to their descendants. On this reading, protection should be perpetual. Ratcheting up the time limit on a regula

9、r basis becomes a reasonable way of approximating that perpetuity.The notion that lengthening copyright increases creativity is questionable, however. Authors and artists do not generally consult the statute books before deciding whether or not to pick up pen or paintbrush. And overlong copyrights o

10、ften sophisticated hacking.5. The story of how the CEO Ren Zhengfei rose from Doverty lo wea<h/from obscurity to fame, is described io detail.6. The reDori reveals more about the financial help Huawei gets from the state: plentiful cheap loans, some at an interest rates of less than 1.7%, and lot

11、s of research funds obtained easily.7. Some did not believe that Huawei can manufacture lhe lop qualily communication facilities but in recent years Huawei has definitely removed those doubts / has proved it can.Il Textbook workVocabulary （每題 1 分）1 deliberate2 priority3 excessive4 hierarchy5 rigid6

12、supervisor7 duplicate8 drawback9 diverse10 reinforce11 modify12 sponsor13 simultaneous14 subordinate15 prompt16 approach17 perceive18 knowledgeable19 barrier20 aggressive21 erode22 merit23 stakeholder24 compensation25 tolerateParaphrase （每題3分：兩處畫線部分各1分。總體表達給1分）1 The key issue in organization is, aft

13、er a certain task is divided into parts and assigned to dcDartmenl specializing in different areas, it must make sure that the separate parts of task finished can finally combine to make a complete/intact/holistic one.2 A division is similar to a separate business because its leader focuses mainly o

14、n its own operation and is responsible for/must shoulder its profit or loss.3 The professional salesperson tries to cxcct/prcdict/forcscc opDositions/disagreements so they can be tackled/handled quickly and with assertion.4 Whether a receiver believes a message or not depends on whether lhe sender i

15、s deDendable/trustable in the receiver's eyes.5 We have lo be faced wilh ethical issues in many areas of our lives and have lo be faced with them in business, too.limit, rather than encourage, a work's dissemination, impact and influence. It can be difficult to locate copyright holders to ob

16、tain the rights to reuse old material. As a result, much content ends up in legal limbo (and in the case of old movies and sound recordings, is left to deteriorateopying them in order to preserve them may constitute an act of infringement). The penalties even for inadvertent infringement arc so puni

17、shing that creators routinely have to self-censor their work. Nor does the advent of digital technology strengthen the case for extending the period of protection. Copyright protection is needed partly to cover the costs of creating and distributing works in physical form. Digital technology slashes

18、 such costs, and thus reduces the argument for protection.The moral case, although easy to sympathize with, is a way of trying to have one's cake and cat it. Copyright was originally the grant of a temporary government-supported monopoly on copying a work, not a property right. From 1710 onwards

19、, it has involved a deal in which the creator or publisher gives up any natural and perpetual claim in order to have the state protect an artificial and limited one. So it remains.The question is how such a deal can be made equitably. At the moment, the terms of trade favor publishers too much. A re

20、turn to the 28-year copyrights of the Statute of Anne would be in many ways arbitrary, but not unreasonable. If there is a case for longer terms, they should be on a renewal basis, so that content is not locked up automatically. The value society places on creativity means that fair use needs to be

21、expanded and inadvertent infringement should be minimally penalized. None of this should get in the way of the enforcement of copyright, which remains a vital tool in the encouragement of learning. But tools are not ends in themselves. (713 words)Decide whether the following statements are true (T)

22、or false (F) or not mentioned (NM).1. The booksellers and publishers at Queen Anne's time were opposed to the Statute of Anne.2. The writer does not think that copyrights should be possessed for ever though he agrees with the protectionists that copyright resembles real property.3. The writer th

23、inks that digital technology reduces the costs of creating and distributing works in physical form and thus cannot be the excuse for stronger protection for copyrights.4. The writer's understanding of the 1709/1710 law concerning piracy is that copyright holders have exchanged everlasting rights

24、 to their own creation for limited state protection of it.5. The writer neither thinks the current copyright laws favor the learners enough nor suggests a return to the statute of Anne.i. Choose the right meanings of the underlined words in the passage.1. spate: a. sentiment b. spirit c. enthusiasm

25、d. outpouring2. derided: a. mocked b. criticized c. nicknamed d. denounced3. limbo: a. trap b. lawsuit c. helplessness d. complication4. inadvertent: a. insignificant b. inconspicuous c. unintentional d. unavoidable5. advent: a. improving b. advancing c. progressing d. coming6. ends: a. methods b. t

26、erminals c. purposes d. conclusionsPassage TWOOne of the strangest developments in financial markets this year is the "Lafite effect. It offers a valuable lesson about investing. This financial crisis has walloped just about everything. It has even pushed down prices for fine wine. The Vintage

27、Wine Fund, which invests "in fine wine with an objective of steady, high capital growth,” declined 33 percent in 2008.This is newsworthy. In a 2008 paper, economists Lee Sanning, Sherrill Shaffer and Jo Marie Sharratt at the University of Wyoming demonstrated that wine investments provide enorm

28、ous positive returns over time, with almost no correlation to the market as a whole. Their study provides a textbook example of the problem with risk analysis. Until that time, the correlation of wine with the overall stock market was essentially zero. A hedge fund that bet on that remaining true wo

29、uld have lost big, because this time everything moved together.One set of wine investors survived unscathed: those who bought and held the fine French wine Chateau Lafitc Rothschild. According to data compiled by wine exchange Liv-ex, the average list price for a bottle of 1982 Lafite was $3,386 in

30、July, the highest ever. That's about S280 higher than it was last year, and more than $1,100 higher than in 2007. Not bad for a bottle that you could have purchased for about $20 back in the 1980s. So strong is the 1982 Lafite that its value largely withstood a downgrade, to 97 from a perfect 10

31、0, by U.S. wine maven Robert Parker. If you consider how much wealth has been destroyed in the past year, you would think that such a markdown would have devastated prices. Think again.The run-up appears to have affected all things Lafite, not just the 1982 vintage. The effect is so striking that Li

32、v-ex created a new index to track the prices of the Lafite vintages from 2000 to 2006. That index is now only 4.4 percent below its long-term high. Few investments have done better. The question for an investor is this: Is the Lafite price spike yet another bubble, or are there sound fundamental rea

33、sons? One sound argument that might explain the increase is that there is a special "Lafite effect associated with Asia. As wealth has increased there, the demand for luxury commodities such as Lafite has skyrocketed. "Right now, it's almost an insult in some places to serve something

34、other than Lafite,” Liv-cx's director, James Miles, told me last week. With the Lafite supply limited, this high demand for the supreme trophy wine has pushed prices through the roof.Since Asia will presumably continue to grow in wealth, one might expect that demand will skyrocket and that today

35、's prices will someday look cheap. The Lafite price might just as well drop sharply, and the argument for a decline is probably more compelling. For one thing, prices might be higher now because of a speculative bubble. Also, Asian consumers might become more sophisticated and grow to appreciate

36、 other wines, which they now shun, that are close substitutes for Lafite. If they do that, today's prices might be a high water mark for some time. The 2000 vintages of both Lafite and La Mission Haut Brion both received perfect scores of 10() from Parker, for example. Right now Lafite costs mor

37、e than twice as much.The decision on investing today in Lafite probably turns on this question of whether it will become more socially acceptable to serve fine wines other than Lafite in the wealthiest corners of Asia. Today's high prices suggest there arc enough people willing to bet that Asian

38、 demand for Lafite continues on its trajectory.It's a tempting bet, and a risky one. As Lafite prices have soared away from those of close substitutes, Lafite has begun to look especially to unsophisticated investors, and those who rely on past correlations like an increasingly safe investment,

39、with steady and predictable returns. In fact, the opposite is true. The risk of Lafite prices plummeting and wiping out your investment has skyrocketed along with the price. It might be possible to make money as Lafite prices continue to soar. But prudence demands that sensible investors stay on the

40、 sidelines. Whether you are buying wine for consumption or investment, Td go with La Mission Haut Brion. (712 words)Answer the following questions. The MAXIMUM LENGTH of each of your answer is 10 WORDS.1 In the second paragraph, what does the second "that" in "A hedge fund that bet on

41、 that remaining true would have lost big" refer to?2 Were all the wine investors badly hurt by the financial crisis? (Don't just say "yes” or “no".)How would you describe the influence of Robert Parker's grading of the 1982 Lafite on its price?3 In what way is Asia associated

42、with Lafite?4 What changes in Asian consumers might cause the Lafite price decline?5 What is the writer's view on investing in Lafite at the time of writing the article?6 List at least THREE NOUNS from the passage that mean "(of price) going up".Passage THREETHE French love to joke abo

43、ut the ghastliness of English food, but in the 1990s Parisians discovered a surprising (1) afor the convenience food offeredby Marks & Spencer (M&S), a quintessentially British fashion and food (2) r. Egg and cress, cheese and cucumber, and cheese and pickle sandwiches were flying off the sh

44、elves at the M&S flagship shop on Boulevard Haussmann in the centre of Paris. Even more popular were lhe ready-made meals that made life easier for busy Parisians, many of whom live in tiny flats with even tinier kitchens.When, in March 2001, M&S announced the closure of the store, as well a

45、s all its other 38 shops in continental Europe, as part of a (3) rrestructuring, it caused astorm of protest. The Paris flagship had its own book of condolences for customers to sign while its workers threatened legal action. Even so, M&S went ahead with its retreat from Europe一and came to regre

46、t it as "a big mistake" in subsequent years, in the words of Stuart Rose, lhe former chief executive.Ten years after the humiliating retreat, M&S is reported to be making a comeback. It will shortly open a new Parisian flagship store, this time on the Champs Elys&s, according to an

47、 article in La Tribune, a French business daily. It will take over number 100 Champs Elysees from Esprit, and according to the article, has already told Esprit employees that they will be offered a new job. M&S is not confirmingor denying一the report.Unlike most of its rivals, M&S is still ov

48、erwhelmingly a Brilish business, wilh 90% of its revenue generated at home. (The domestic market accounts for only 28% of the revenue of Inditex, a big Spanish fashion seller which operates the Zara chain among others.) It is the largest clothing seller in Britain with a market share of 11%, and dou

49、ble that for people over 45. Its market share in food as a whole is 4% but in ready-made meals M&S (4) c_s 20% of the market. uWhat happens next inBritain is much more important than international expansion/* says Philip Dorgan at Altium Securities. The biggest looming challenge is to break out

50、of the “£10 billion-and-bust cycle", the company's tendency to slip up each time it manages to get its annual revenues above this level.Even so, Marc Bolland, the new CEO of M&S, said at the company's investors, day in November that he will give his company a push international

51、ly in his effort to (5) bsales by up to 30% in the next three years. He is planning to invest£850m-950m a year in the company's online sales channels and its international operations. M&S has an agreement with Amazon, for its internet operations until 2013 but is planning to take them i

52、nto their own hands after that. The international expansion, said Mr Bolland, will take the form of more joint (6) vs orwholly-owned operations in selected markets. In India, M&S already has two dozen shops collaborating with Reliance Industries, an Indian conglomerate, and is planning to add an

53、other two dozen. Mr Bolland didn't mention France, but many analysts assumed that he was including France in his expansion plans.If the reported retour a Paris turns out a success, it seems likely that M&S will be tempted to try reconquering some of the other European cities it abandoned a d

54、ecade ago. Even in those dark days, it was actually making money in France一it was the losses in Germany and elsewhere that forced it to make a Dunkirk-style retreat to Blighty. Its chances this time will be higher given that the Champs Elysees is an even better location than was Boulevard Haussmann.

55、 M&S will be following in the footsteps of H&M, a Swedish rival, which last October successfully (7) 1cd aflagship store on the Champs Elysees designed by Jean Nouvel, a star architect.One worry, according to Fraser Ramzan, an analyst at Nomura, a stockbroker, is that Parisians arc most like

56、ly to seek out M&S's food, rather than the clothing that is a more important (and profitable) part of its offering. Then again, if they can be persuaded to give British nosh a try, perhaps elegant Parisiennes can also be (8) ced to British chic. (746 words)Spell the words according to the su

57、ggested meanings:1 love for foodseller of goods in small quantities2 thorough, changing the fundamentalsseize, conquer3 increaseenterprise4 startchange, turnPassage FOUR1 AN annual report sent out in the season when countless companies worldwide are publishing them is at risk of being filed in the b

58、in. Not so if the company is Huawei and 2 the report is intended to make a company that reflects the best of China's manufacturing prowess, while being a prime example of its secretiveness, seem normal.The telecoms-equipment maker's financial performance is impressive enough to make the repo

59、rt worth reading: revenues were 185 billion yuan ($27.4 billion), having grown by an annual average of 29% in the past four years. The growth rate for profits has been 56%. 3 Having just passed Nokia and Siemens, Huawei looks on track to overtake Ericsson, the industry leader, this year4 But it face

60、s some big impediments, perhaps the most important being the concerns of many governments, notably America's and India's, about a private company suspected of links to the security departments of a country said to be conducting sophisticated hacking. Because of such worries, Huawei's efforts to buy American companies have been blocked and some sales have