語言學(xué)概論練習(xí)測(cè)試題庫(kù)及參考答案

1、英語語言學(xué)練習(xí)測(cè)試題及參考答案本科1. Tickoffthecorrectorthebestpossibleanswers:1. Oneofthepropertiesoflanguageisthatalanguageusercanunderstandandproducesentenceshe/shehasneverheardbefore.ThispropertyoflanguageiscalledA.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrarinessKey:B2. Thefunctionreferstothefactthatlanguageca

2、nbeusedforestablishingafavorableatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.A.phaticB.directiveC.evocativeD.performativeKey:A3. Fromafunctionalapproach,themeaningofalanguageuseconsistsofwhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.A.affectiveB.asso

3、ciativeC.stylisticD.collocativeKey:A4. When-ingingangling'isremovedtogetaverbgangle',wecallthiswayofcreatingwordsA.suffixationB.back-formationC.blendingD.acronymyKey:B5. referstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.A.DegradationB.SpecializationC.ElevationD.Ex

4、tensionKey:C6. Asweknow,everyspeakerhashisownpetwordsandexpressionsandspecialwayofexpressinghisideasinlanguage.Thislanguagevarietyofindividualusersiscalled.A.idiolectB.regionaldialectC.temporaldialectD.socialdialectKey:A7. Whenpitch,stressandlengthvariationsaretiedtothesentenceratherthantotheword,th

5、eyarecollectivelyknownas.A.intonationB.toneC.phonemeD.sentencestressKey:A8. referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsound.A.AdditionofsoundB.LossofsoundC.MetathesisD.AssimilationKey:D9. Basically,allthelanguagesintheworldcanbeclassifiedintermsoflanguagefamily.VietnameseandKoreana

6、retwolanguagesinthefamily.A.Indo-EuropeanB.Sino-TibetanC.Hamito-SemiticD.Malayo-PolynesianKey:B10. Aistheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofalanguage.A.morphemeB.phonemeC.graphemeD.letterKey:C11. Allmono-morphemicwordsareconstitutedbyfreemorphemes,andthosepoly-morphemicwordswhichconsistwholly

7、offreemorphemesarecalled.A.hyponymsB.compoundsC.blendsD.allomorphsKey:B12. Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasseswhichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategoryorcategoriesiscalled.A.concordB.governmentC.

8、recursivenessD.cohesionKey:A13. TheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalledA. blendingKey: A14. The distinction ofA. N. ChomskyB.clippingC.acronymyD.compoundingis proplinguisticpotentialandactuallinguisticbehaviorB.F.deSaussureC.M.A.HallidayD.J.AustinKey:C15. Th

9、ewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalledmeaning.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.collectiveD.stylisticKey:A16. Whenweconsiderthevariationrelatingtowhatauseristryingtodowithlanguage,wearedealingwithaddresseerelationshipcontinuallycategorizedas“”.C. field of discourse Key: A17. According to wordsA. isolatin

10、gKey: DD. idiolectA. tenorofdiscourseB.modeofdiscourse_ language.D. agglutinativestructures,TurkishisatypicalB. fusionalC.analytic18.refertothefactthatonetypeofutteranceistypicallyfollowedbyaspecialtypeofutterance.A.MinimalpairsB.IllocutionaryactsC.SocialdialectsD.AdjacencypairsKey:D19.Therelationbe

11、tween“dead”andlab“eleadlivaes_”_i_s.A.gradabilityB.complementarityC.hyponymyD.homonymyKey:B20. Thewords“encore”and”“arueploaiarnwordsfrom.A.FrenchB.GermanC.ItalianD.SpanishKey:A21. Thedistinctionoflangueandparoleisproposedby.a.N.Chomskyb.F.deSaussurec.M.A.Hallidayd.J.AustinKey:b22. Whichofthefollowi

12、ngistheexceptiontothefeatureofarbitrarinessoflanguagea.nativeEnglishwordsb.borrowedwordsc.echoicwordsd.one-syllablewordsKey:c23. Whichofthefollowingfeaturecannotbeusedtodescribethephonesa.voicelessb.oralc.alveolard.lateralKey:d24. Intermsofplaceofarticulation,thetwoconsonantsf,vare.a.dentalb.alveola

13、rc.palatald.labiodentalKey:d25. Intermsofmannerofarticulation,thesoundsp,b,t,d,k,garea.affricatesb.fricativesc.bilabiald.oralstopsKey:d26. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutallophoneisNOTcorrecta. Allophonesaredifferentformsofthesamephonemeb. Allophonesofthesamephonemeareincomplementarydistribution.

14、c. Allophonesdistinguishmeaning.d.Allophonesarelanguagespecific.Key:c27. Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotafreemorphemea.ableb.petc.changed.dustyKey:d28. Howmanymorphemesarethereintheworddischargeda.2b.3c.4d.5Key:b29. Whichofthefollowingwordsismadeupofboundmorphemesonlya.happinessb.televisionc.ecologyd.

15、teacherKey:c30. Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextbyteachingandlearningratherthanbyinstinct.Tductivityc.culturaltransmissiond.arbitrarinessKey:c31. ThefamousquotationfromShakespearesplayRomeoandJulietArosebyanyothernamewouldsmellasswee

16、twellillustrates.A. theconventionalnatureoflanguageB.thecreativenatureoflanguageC. theuniversalityoflanguageD. thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunicationKey:A32. Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbkKey:A33. T

17、hesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshowninaformulaNPVP”.A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.verticalKey:B34. ItistheonCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A.CaseConditionB.CaseParameterC.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameterKey:C35. Predicationanalysisi

18、sawaytoanalyzemeaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentenceKey:D36. AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declarativesKey:A37. Thetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudi

19、eslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeKey:B38. Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastnam

20、e,title+lastname,andkinterm.A.title+firstnameB.title+titleC.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+titleKey:C39. Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech”,andspeechas“”.A.voca

21、lthoughtB.subvocalthoughtC.covertthoughtD.overtthoughtKey:DofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisitionA. Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation.B. Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings.C. Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage.D. H

22、umansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse.Key:A41. Thewordsko“wtow”andtea“”areloanwordsfrom.A.ChineseB.GermanC.ItalianD.SpanishKey:A42. Thetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages

23、.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeKey:B43. TheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalledA.blendingB.clippingC.acronymyD.compoundingKey:A44. AccordingtowordsstructLuarteins,isatypicallanguage.A.isolatingB.fusionalC.analyticD.agglutinative

24、Key:B45. Therelationbetweenanima“l(fā)”andlam“b”islabeledas.A.gradabilityB.complementarityC.hyponymyD.homonymyKey:C46. Oneofthepropertyoflanguageisthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningandsounds.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrarinessKey:D47. Thefunction

25、referstotheuseoflanguagetocreatecertainfeelingsinthehearer.A.phaticB.directiveC.evocativeD.performativeKey:A48. Themeaningofawordconsistsoftheassociationsitacquiresonaccountofthemeaningsofwordswhichtendtooccurinitsenvironment.A.associativeB.affectiveC.stylisticD.collocativeKey:D49. When-orineditoris

26、removedtogetaverbedit,wecallthiswayofcreatingwords.A.suffixationB.back-formationC.blendingD.acronymyKey:50. Therelationbetween“rose”and“flower”islabeledas.A.gradabilityB.complementarityC.hyponymyD.homonymyKey:C51. Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisis

27、whatwemeanby.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrarinessKey:C52. Whenlanguageisusedtogetthehearertodosomething,thenitservesafunction.A.directiveB.informativeC.interrogativeD.expressive53. Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisastudy.A.diachronicB.synchronicC.descriptiveD.prescriptiveK

28、ey:B54. Thedistinctionbetween“competence”and“performance”wasmadeby.A.N.ChomskyB.F.deSaussureC.M.A.HallidayD.L.BloomfieldKey:A55. Accordingtotheplacesofarticulation,soundsinEnglishsuchast,l,andzcanbelabeledasones.A.dentalB.bilabialC.velarD.alveolarKey:D56. Accordingtothemorphologicalanalysis,theunder

29、linedpartinthewordnationalism“sKouterberegardedasa.A.rootB.stemC.prefixD.suffixKey:B57. Wordssuchas“telex”and“workfare"arecreatedthrough.A.affixationB.compoundingC.conversionD.blendingKey:D58. Accordingtothesyntactcconstructionanalysis,simplesentencesuchas“Johnisastudentconstruction.A.endocentr

30、icB.exocentricC.coordinateD.subordinateKey:B59. Thesenserelationshipbetween“male”and“female"isA.complementarityB.gradabilityC.relationaloppositesD.hyponymyKey:A60. Componentialanalysisisamethodofanalyzingmeaning.A.sentenceB.lexicalC.grammaticalD.utteranceKey:B11. Arethefollowingstatementstrue(T

31、)orfalse(F)1. Asentencecannotbeawordorafragmentinstrictsense,butanutterancecanbeawordorafragmentofasentence.T/FKey:T2. Itdoesn'tmakesensetoaskwhatlanguageasentencebelongsFto.Key:F3. Astemfirstofallreferstoanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemes,butanaffixcanbeaddedtoit.T/FKey:T4. Everywordinalanguag

32、ecanfindatleastonereferentintheobjectiveworld.T/FKey:F5. Inmostcases,lexiconmeansvocabularyandisrelatedtotheanalysisandcreationofwords,idiomsandcollocations.T/FKey:T6. Theuseoftheterm'implicatureisdifferentfrom(implicationinthatitusuallyindicatesarathernarrowlydefinedlogicalrelationshipbetweentw

33、opropositions.T/FKey:F7. Aphrasemeanstwoormorewordsinsequence,intendedtohavemeaning,thatformasyntacticunitthatislessthanacompletesentence.Itisactuallysynonymouswithwordgroup.T/FKey:F8. Collocationisaterminlexicologyusedbysomelinguiststorefertothehabitualco-occurrencesofindividuallexicalitems,orcollo

34、cates.Thisrelationofco-occurrenceusuallycannotbeaccountedfor.T/FKey:T9. Inordertounderstandhowconversationalprincipleswork,wemayconsiderhoweachmaximactuallyworksandhowpeopleobservethesemaximsindailycommunication.T/FKey:T10. Syntaxstudiestheruleswhichgovernthewayswords,wordgroupsandphrasesarecombined

35、tomakegrammaticalsentencesinalanguage,.itdealswiththerelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.T/FKey:T11. Eveninmodernsociety,theprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,andthefactthatchildrenacquirespokenlanguagefirstbeforetheycanreadorwritealsoindicatesthatlanguageisprimarilyvocal.Key:T12. Thed

36、efiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunicationaretermeddesignfeatures.Key:T13. Thereareotherchannels,besideslanguage,forcommunicatingourthoughts,solanguageisonlyoneaspectofsemiotics.Key:T14. Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,writtenlanguageasseco

37、ndary.Key:T15. Descriptivelinguisticsaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectlanguageuse,.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhatshouldnotsay.Key:F16. Phonologyisthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandtheirpatterns.Key:F17. Thecasecategoryisusedintheanalysisofwordclassestoidentifythe

38、syntacticrelationshipbetweenwordsinasentence.Key:T18. Languageisgeneticallytransmitted.Key:F19. Thegrammartaughttodaytolanguagelearnersisstillbasicallydescriptive.Key:F20. Allthesoundsproducedbyhumanarespeechsounds.Key:F21. Generallyspeaking,pragmaticscanbeunderstoodasabranchoflinguisticstudythatdea

39、lswiththefactorsthatgovernourchoiceoflanguageinsocialinteractionandtheeffectsofourchoiceonothers.Key:T22. f,v,s,z,andareallfricativeinEnglish,butandarealveolarwhilefandvaredental.Key:F23. Inmostcases,sentenceissynonymouswithutterance.Key:F24. Syntaxexclusivelydealswiththestudyoftheinterrelationships

40、betweenelementsinsentencestructure,andithasnothingtodowithexploringthesyntacticrelationbeyondsentenceboundary.Key:F25. TheLondonSchoolproposedafunctionalapproachtowardstheconceptofphoneme,andN.Trubetzkoymadethegreatestcontributiontotherelatedstudy.Key:F26. Aphonemeinalanguageisadistinctivesoundwhich

41、iscapableofdistinguishingonewordoroneshapeofawordfromanother.Key:T27. Everylanguageispartofaculture,anditcannotbutserveandreflectculturalneeds.Key:T28. Sentencecanbeextendedeitherbyconjoiningorembedding,andaconstructionwhereconstituentshavebeenlinkedthroughtheuseofconjunctionindicatesaparatacticrela

42、tion.Key:F29. BothChineseandEnglisharetonelanguages.Key:F30. Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.Key:F31. Derivationchangesalwaysresultinchangeofthewordclassoftheoriginalwords.Key:T32. Pitchvariationsmaybedistinctivelikephonemes,andinthisfunctiontheyarecalledtones.Languagesusingtones,likeCh

43、inese,arecalledtonelanguage.Key:T33. Thenotionofinflectionjustindicatesthemanifestationofgrammaticalrelationships,ratherthanlexicalones,throughtheadditionofinflectionalaffixes.Key:T34. Thesamemorphemealwaystakesdifferentformsindifferentcontexts.Key:T35. AccordingtoP.Grice,whetheraspeakerfollowsorvio

44、latestheMaximsoftheCooperativePrinciple,heproducessomeimplicature,.akindofextrameaningthatisnotcontainedintheutterance.Key:T36. Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.T/FKey:FEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:/,thela

45、rynxisinastateoftension.T/FKey:Tcompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.T/FKey:F39. “Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategoryT./FKey:Tformshavingthesamesensemayhavediffere

46、ntreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesensTe/.FKey:Fimportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltruTe/.FKey:Td

47、ivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnon-conventionalandnotarbitrary.T/FKey:Freflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracismT./FKey:Tachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heors

48、heisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.T/FKey:Tchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachtheTm/F.Key:F46. LeonardBloomfieldmaintainedthatlinguisticsshoulddescribeinsteadof

49、prescribewhatpeopleactuallysayandshouldtakeadeductiveapproachinanalyzingdata.Key:F47. Chomskybelievesthatlinguisticstudyandresearchcanhelpexplainwhathappensinthemind,andlinguisticsshouldberegardedasabranchofpsychology.Key:F48. Hallidayclaimsthatifwearegivenanadequatespecificationofthesemanticpropert

50、iesofthecontextintermsoffield,tenorandmode,weshouldbeabletopredictthesyntacticpropertiesoftexts.Key:F49. Onomatopoeiaindicatesanon-arbitraryrelationshipbetweenformandmeaning.Key:F50. Trafficlightsystemhasthefeatureofduality.Key:F51. Thedistinctionof(linguisticpotential'and'actuallinguisticbe

51、havior'isproposKey:F52. InEnglishtherearethreenasalsounds.Theyarem,n,andl.Key:T53. Amorphemeistheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofalanguage.Key:F54. Accordingtothefunctionsofaffixes,wecanputthemintogroups:inflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes.Key:T55. Compoundingistheformationofneww

52、ordsbyjoiningtwoormorestems.Key:T56. Metathesisreferstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsound.Key:F57. Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasseswhichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcateg

53、oryorcategoriesiscalledconcord.Key:T58. AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalleddirectivesKey:F59. Thetermsynchroniclinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushist

54、oricalstages.Key:F60. Intermsofmannerofarticulation,thesoundsp,b,t,d,k,gareaffricatesKey:FIII.Fillintheblanks:1. ItisgenerallybelievedthatJ.AustinandmadethegreatestcontributiontothepropositionofSpeechActTheory,animportanttheoryinpragmaticstudy.Key:J.Searle2. Accordingtothepositionsaffixesoccupyinwor

55、ds,fallsintoprefixationandsuffixation.Key:affixation3. Thesigns"&”,","%'and"$”widelyusedtodayareexamplesofwriting.Key:word4. Twomethodscanbeusedtoreconstructanolderformofalanguage:internalreconstructionandthereconstruction.Key:external5. TheSapir-Whorfhypothesishastwomajo

56、rthrusts:linguisticdeterminismandlinguistic.Key:relativity6. Inthecourseofcommunication,aspeakermaychangefromthestandardlanguagetothenon-standardlanguage,mayshifthissubjectmatter,ormaymovefromonepointontheformalityscaletoanotherpoint.Thislinguisticbehaviorisreferredtoas.Key:codeswitch7. Thedifferent

57、typesofalanguageasdifferentformstorealizeameregeneralizationofthelanguagearecalled'-sanguages"or.Key:(language)varieties8. constructionreferstoaconstructioninwhichthedistributionofwordsisfunctionallyequivalenttothatofoneormoreofitsconstituents.Key:Endocentric9. It'scommonlybelievedthatthebasicfunctionoflanguageisthatit'susedforKey:humancommunication10. Thedegreetowhichatestmeasureswhatitismeanttomeasureistermedinlanguagetesting,andthatisanimportantindexusedtoevaluatethequalityofat