曼昆《經濟學原理》(微觀)第五版測試題庫 (03)

1、Chapter 3Interdependence and the Gains from TradeTRUE/FALSE1. In most countries today, many goods and services consumed are imported from abroad, and many goods and services produced are exported to foreign customers.ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Trad

2、eMSC:Definitional2. Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Interpretive3. If a person chooses self-sufficiency, then she can only co

3、nsume what she produces. ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Self-sufficiencyMSC:Definitional4. If Wrex can produce more math problems per hour and more book reports per hour than Maxine can, then Wrex cannot gain from trading math problems and bo

4、ok reports with Maxine.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Applicative5. It is possible for the U.S. to gain from trade with Germany even if it takes U.S. workers fewer hours to produce every good than it takes German workers.ANS:TDIF:2

5、REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Applicative6. A production possibilities frontier is a graph that shows the combination of outputs that an economy should produce.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:

6、Production possibilities frontierMSC:Interpretive7. Production possibilities frontiers cannot be used to illustrate tradeoffs. ANS:FDIF:1REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Definitional8. An economy can produce at any point on or

7、 inside its production possibilities frontier, but it cannot produce at points outside its production possibilities frontier.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic models TOP:Production possibilities frontierMSC:Interpretive9. Trade allows a country to consume outside i

8、ts production possibilities frontier. ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Understanding and applying economic modelsTOP:Production possibilities frontier | TradeMSC:Interpretive10. Opportunity cost refers to how many inputs a producer requires to produce a good. ANS:FDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcit

9、y, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP:Opportunity costMSC:Definitional12811. Opportunity cost measures the trade-off between two goods that each producer faces. ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP:Opportunity costMSC:Definitional12. For a country producing

10、two goods, the opportunity cost of one good will be the inverse of the opportunity cost of the other good.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP:Opportunity costMSC:Interpretive13. Henry can make a bird house in 3 hours and he can make a bird feeder in 1 hour.

11、The opportunity cost to Henry of making a bird house is 1/3 bird feeder.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP:Opportunity costMSC:Applicative14. Suppose that in one hour Dewey can produce either 10 bushels of corn or 20 yards of cloth.Then Deweysopportunity c

12、ost of producing one bushel of corn is 1/2 yard of cloth.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP:Opportunity costMSC:Applicative15. Jake can complete an oil change in 45 minutes and he can write a poem in 90 minutes.Ming-la can complete an oil change in 30 minu

13、tes and she can write a poem in 90 minutes.Jakes opportunity cost of writing a poem is lower than Ming-las opportunity cost of writing a poem.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP:Opportunity costMSC:Applicative16. Harry is a computer company executive, earni

14、ng $200 per hour managing the company and promoting its products.His daughter Quinn is a high school student, earning $6 per hour helping her grandmother on the farm.Harrys computer is broken.He can repair it himself in one hour.Quinn can repair it in 10 hours. Harrys opportunity cost of repairing t

15、he computer is lower than Quinns.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost TOP:Opportunity costMSC:Applicative17. If one producer has the absolute advantage in the production of all goods, then that same producer will have the comparative advantage in the production

16、of all goods as well.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Absolute advantage | Comparative advantageMSC:Interpretive18. If a country has the comparative advantage in producing a product, then that country must also have the absolute advantage in producing th

17、at product.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Absolute advantage | Comparative advantageMSC:Interpretive19. In an economy consisting of two people producing two goods, it is possible for one person to have the absolute advantage and the comparative advanta

18、ge in both goods.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Absolute advantage | Comparative advantageMSC:Interpretive20. If one producer is able to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than some other producer, then the producer with the lower opportunity c

19、ost is said to have an absolute advantage in the production of that good.ANS:FDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Comparative advantage MSC:Definitionalword 文檔 可自由復制編輯130Chapter 3 /Interdependence and the Gains from Trade21. Unless two people who are producing

20、two goods have exactly the same opportunity costs, then one person will have a comparative advantage in one good, and the other person will have a comparative advantage in the other good.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Comparative advantage MSC:Interpr

21、etive22. Zora can produce 4 quilts in a week and she can produce 1 corporate website in a week.Lou can produce 9 quilts in a week and he can produce 2 corporate websites in a week.Zora has the comparative advantage in quilts and the absolute advantage in neither good, while Lou has the comparative a

22、dvantage in corporate websites and the absolute advantage in both goods.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Absolute advantage | Comparative advantageMSC:Applicative23. Timmy can edit 2 pages in one minute and he can type 80 words in one minute. Olivia can

23、edit 1 page in one minute and she can type 100 words in one minute. Timmy has an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage in editing, while Olivia has an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage in typing.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Abso

24、lute advantage | Comparative advantageMSC:Applicative24. Suppose Hank and Tony can both produce corn.If Hanks opportunity cost of producing a bushel of corn is 2 bushels of soybeans and Tonys opportunity cos t of producing a bushel of corn is 3 bushels of soybeans, then Hank has the comparative adva

25、ntage in the production of corn.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Comparative advantage MSC:Applicative25. It takes Anne 3 hours to make a pie and 4 hours to make a shirt. It takes Mary 2 hours to make a pie and 5 hours to make a shirt.Anne should specia

26、lize in making shirts and Mary should specialize in making pies, and they should trade.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:SpecializationMSC:Applicative26. The principle of comparative advantage states that, regardless of the price at which trade takes pla

27、ce, everyone will benefit from trade if they specialize in the production of the good for which they have a comparative advantage.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Comparative advantage MSC:Interpretive27. The gains from specialization and trade are base

28、d on absolute advantage. ANS:FDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Definitional28. Trade can benefit everyone in society because it allows people to specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage.ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:Analy

29、ticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Definitional29. Two countries can achieve gains from trade even if one country has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains fro

30、m tradeMSC:Interpretive30. It takes Ross 6 hours to produce a bushel of corn and 2 hours to wash and polish a car. It takes Courtney 6 hours to produce a bushel of corn and 1 hour to wash and polish a car. Courtney and Ross cannot gain from specialization and trade, since it takes each of them 6 hou

31、rs to produce 1 bushel of corn.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Applicative31. Differences in opportunity cost allow for gains from trade. ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tra

32、deMSC:Interpretive32. As long as two people have different opportunity costs, each can gain from trade with the other, since trade allows each person to obtain a good at a price lower than his or her opportunity cost.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gai

33、ns from tradeMSC:Interpretive33. Trade allows a person to obtain goods at prices that are less than that persons opportunity cost because each person specializes in the activity for which he or she has the lower opportunity cost.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and t

34、rade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Interpretive34. When each person specializes in producing the good in which he or she has a comparative advantage, each person can gain from trade but total production in the economy is unchanged.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade

35、 TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Interpretive35. For both parties to gain from trade, the price at which they trade must lie exactly in the middle of the two opportunity costs.ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:InterpretiveNAT:AnalyticLOC:The

36、study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional36. Adam Smith was the author of the 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations . ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitio

37、nal37. David Ricardo was the author of the 1817 book Principles of Political Economy and Taxation . ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-238. Adam Smith wrote that a person should never attempt to make at home what it will cost him more to make than to buy.ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and defi

38、nitions of economicsTOP:EconomistsMSC:Definitional39. Adam Smith developed the theory of comparative advantage as we know it today. ANS:FDIF:1REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economicsTOP:Economists | Comparative advantageMSC:Definitionalword 文檔 可自由復制編輯132Chapter 3 /I

39、nterdependence and the Gains from Trade40. Goods produced abroad and sold domestically are called exports and goods produced domestically and sold abroad are called imports.ANS:FDIF:1REF:3-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP:Exports | ImportsMSC:Definitional41. I

40、nternational trade may make some individuals in a nation better off, while other individuals are made worse off.ANS:TDIF:2REF:3-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Interpretive42. For international trade to benefit a country, it must benefit all citize

41、ns of that country. ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Interpretive43. Some countries win in international trade, while other countries lose. ANS:FDIF:2REF:3-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tr

42、adeMSC:Interpretive44. Trade can make some individuals worse off, even as it makes the country as a whole better off. ANS:TDIF:1REF:3-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:Definitional45. Trade allows all countries to achieve greater prosperity. ANS:TDIF

43、:1REF:3-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade TOP:Gains from tradeMSC:DefinitionalSHORT ANSWER1. Explain the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Which is more important in determining trade patterns, absolute advantage or comparative advantage? Why?

44、ANS:Absolute advantage refers to productivity, as in the producer who can produce a product at a lower cost in terms of the resources used in production. Comparative advantage refers to the producer who can produce a product at a lower opportunity cost. Comparative advantage is the principle upon wh

45、ich trade patterns are based. Comparative advantage is based on opportunity cost, and opportunity cost measures the real cost to an individual or country of producing a particular product. Opportunity cost is therefore the information necessary for an individual or nation to determine whether to pro

46、duce a good or buy it from someone else.DIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Absolute advantage | Comparative advantage | TradeMSC:Interpretive2. The only two countries in the world, Alpha and Omega, face the following production possibilities frontiers.Alphas Pr

47、oduction Possibilities FrontierOmegas Production Possibilities Frontierpopcornpopcorn300300275275250250225225200200175175150150125125100100757550502525255075 100 125 150 175 200 225 250peanuts255075 100 125 150 175 200 225peanutsANS:a. Assume that each country decides to use half of its resources in

48、 the production of each good. Show these points on the graphs for each country as point A.b. If these countries choose not to trade, what would be the total world production of popcorn and peanuts?c. Now suppose that each country decides to specialize in the good in which each has a comparative adva

49、ntage. By specializing, what is the total world production of each product now?d. If each country decides to trade 100 units of popcorn for 100 units of peanuts, show on the graphs the gain each country would receive from trade. Label these points B.Alphas Production Possibilities FrontierOmegas Pro

50、duction Possibilities Frontierpopcorn300300275275250250225225200200175175150150125Consumption125Bwith tradeApopcornBConsumption with tradeA100100757550502525255075 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 peanuts255075 100 125 150 175 200 225peanutsword 文檔 可自由復制編輯134Chapter 3 /Interdependence and the Gains from

51、Tradea. Alpha would be producing 125 units of peanuts and 75 units of popcorn (point A on its production possibilities frontier) and Omega would be producing 50 units of peanuts and 150 units of popcorn (point A on its production possibilities frontier).b. The total world production of peanuts would

52、 be 175 units and the total world production of popcorn would be 225 units.c. The total world production of peanuts would now be 250 units and the total world production of popcorn would now be 300 units.d. Alpha would be producing 250 units of peanuts and would trade 100 of them to Omega, leaving A

53、lpha with 150 units of peanuts. Alpha would then receive 100 units of popcorn from Omega. Omega would be producing 300 units of popcorn and would trade 100 of them to Alpha, leaving Omega with 200 units of popcorn. Omega would then receive 100 units of peanuts from Alpha.DIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:

54、Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP:Production possibilities frontier | Gains from tradeMSC:Applicative3.ANS:Julia can fix a meal in 1 hour, and her opportunity cost of one hour is $50. Jacque can fix the same kind of meal in 2 hours, and his opportunity cost of one hour is $20. Will both

55、Julia and Jacque be better off if she pays him $45 per meal to fix her meals? Explain.Since Julias opportunity cost of preparing a meal is $50, and Jacques opportunity cost of preparing a meal is $40, each of them will be better off by $5 per meal if this arrangement is made.DIF:2REF:3-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Gains from trade, specialization and trade MSC:ApplicativeTOP:Gains from trade4. Gary and Diane must prepare a presentation for their marketing class. As part of their