背單字的捷徑

1、課課程程結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)四四級(jí)級(jí)改改革革動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞詞詞組組與與短短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)相相關(guān)關(guān)練練習(xí)習(xí)形近詞同同義義詞詞近近義義詞詞比比較較背背單單詞，詞，四四級(jí)級(jí)考考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)四級(jí)詞匯分段記憶記憶單詞的方法與捷徑科學(xué)背單詞I. 關(guān)於四級(jí)的改革l 2005年6月18日是舊題型的最後一次考試l 2006年1月和6月不是試點(diǎn)院校的學(xué)院還參加舊題型的考試。l 2007年1月正式的四級(jí)改革開(kāi)始實(shí)行l(wèi) 詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)改革後不直接考了,而在閱讀、聽(tīng)力、寫(xiě)作、完型等題型中去考 l “如果沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法就很難表達(dá)思想，那麼，沒(méi)有詞彙就什麼也不能表達(dá)?！?D. A. Wilkinsl 詞彙是語(yǔ)言的建築材料，是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的根本（聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯）。l 改

2、革後的新試題，題量大，閱讀量大，需要掌握的詞彙量也大。無(wú)論考不考詞彙，單詞都必須背無(wú)論考不考詞彙，單詞都必須背! BACKII. 如何背單詞、四級(jí)考點(diǎn)o 4200-4500個(gè)單詞及這些詞構(gòu)成的常用片語(yǔ)個(gè)單詞及這些詞構(gòu)成的常用片語(yǔ)(1000左右左右)o 背單詞的過(guò)程中要抓住四級(jí)出題規(guī)律，背誦高頻背單詞的過(guò)程中要抓住四級(jí)出題規(guī)律，背誦高頻詞彙。詞彙。o 非核心非核心: 1800-2000單詞單詞 (中學(xué)已經(jīng)掌握中學(xué)已經(jīng)掌握)o 核心核心: 常出現(xiàn)的是常出現(xiàn)的是2000-2500個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞 BACK四級(jí)詞彙分段記憶四級(jí)詞彙分段記憶出現(xiàn)頻率特別高 （10個(gè)字母） a: ab-/ ac-/ ad-/

3、as-/ at- s: su-/ st- t: trans-/ te-/ tr- c: con-/ com-/ col-/ cor-/co- r: re- i: im-/ in- / il-/ ir-contributionlegalillegal regular-irregularabandon, access, addition, attention, assist,addresstransfer, transform, transportpoliteimpolitepatientimpatientportimportaccurate-inaccurate b: p: -pro/ -pre

4、 e: -ex/ -en d: -de/ -dis2. 從來(lái)不考的從來(lái)不考的 z: /x: /q: j: justify (從來(lái)沒(méi)被選中過(guò)從來(lái)沒(méi)被選中過(guò)) y: yield (yield to屈服，讓步屈服，讓步) k: (考過(guò)考過(guò)3次次) 3. 其它單詞可放在閱讀中記憶 BACKprogress (walk)preview (see)exportexit rich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistributeo 科學(xué)背單詞科學(xué)背單詞1) 花大量時(shí)間記憶單詞花大量時(shí)間記憶單詞-“重複是記

5、憶之母重複是記憶之母”每天至少背每天至少背100個(gè)單詞，分成三段個(gè)單詞，分成三段1) 認(rèn)知單詞認(rèn)知單詞 （30秒內(nèi)能反應(yīng)出單詞意思）秒內(nèi)能反應(yīng)出單詞意思）2) 學(xué)會(huì)單詞拼寫(xiě)學(xué)會(huì)單詞拼寫(xiě)3) 直達(dá)詞義，不用再切換到漢語(yǔ)意思直達(dá)詞義，不用再切換到漢語(yǔ)意思 7天一個(gè)時(shí)間段天一個(gè)時(shí)間段第一天背第一天背100個(gè)，個(gè)，第二天複習(xí)前第二天複習(xí)前100個(gè)，再加上新單詞個(gè)，再加上新單詞100個(gè)個(gè)200個(gè)個(gè)第七天就不用再記新的單詞了，仔細(xì)複習(xí)前第七天就不用再記新的單詞了，仔細(xì)複習(xí)前6天的單詞天的單詞一個(gè)月左右一個(gè)月左右2500左右重點(diǎn)單詞就可以背下來(lái)了！左右重點(diǎn)單詞就可以背下來(lái)了！2) 在閱讀中鞏固和複習(xí)單詞在閱

6、讀中鞏固和複習(xí)單詞e.g. water a bottle of water There are many waters in this area. The garden needs watering. When I saw delicious food, I watered. employ During the examination, you cant employ your dictionary. BACK流口水The world are like eels.They are too slippery to be kept in our memory.n背單詞的捷徑背單詞的捷徑n編故事記單

7、詞e.g. (1) scream (2) innocent(3) family(4) quality quantity(5) adopt adapt(6) ash/ bush/ cash/ abash/ crash/ clash/ smash(7)驚聲尖叫驚聲尖叫無(wú)辜的，清白的無(wú)辜的，清白的Father and mother, I love you.品質(zhì)品質(zhì)數(shù)量數(shù)量採(cǎi)納，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)採(cǎi)納，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)適應(yīng)適應(yīng)碰撞，撞擊碰撞，撞擊（飛機(jī)）墜毀（飛機(jī)）墜毀慚愧慚愧打碎，變成碎片打碎，變成碎片安樂(lè)死安樂(lè)死o詞根、詞綴記憶法詞根、詞綴記憶法1) able: e.g. enable, unable, ability,

8、capable2) act: to do, to drive e.g. action, actor, actress, active, activity, activate, actual, exact, reactor, interact, transaction3) part: to separate e.g. parcel, partly, partial, partner, party, participate, participant, particle, particular, apart, apartment, department, compartment, depart di

9、s-: dislike, disgust, distaste, disorder, distribute en-: enable, entitle, enrich, enlarge im-/-in: con-/-com -ir/-ill 常見(jiàn)的尾碼： -ize: realize, recognize -ify: identify, justify, classify, personify, satisfy -ate(v.): coordinate, illustrate -tion(n.): contribution, implication, imagination, illustratio

10、n -sion(n.): discussion -ment(n.): treatment, establishment -ity: prosperity, identity (ID card) -ee: employee -er: employersecretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamyo意群記憶意群記憶1）“物質(zhì)世界物質(zhì)世界” 物質(zhì)的最小成分：物質(zhì)的最小成分：atom, particle 宇宙太空：宇宙太空：universe, solar, lunar 最小單位基因：最小單位基因：protein, gene, cell 水生動(dòng)物：水生動(dòng)物：fi

11、sh, shellfish 爬行動(dòng)物：爬行動(dòng)物：reptile, insect 飛行動(dòng)物：飛行動(dòng)物：bird 哺乳動(dòng)物：哺乳動(dòng)物：mammal 猿類：猿類：monkey2) “人類社會(huì)人類社會(huì)” 皇家：皇家：royalty, dynasty, dictator 貴族：貴族：nobleman, landlord 政府：政府： government, official, administrate 選舉：選舉：election, vote 立法：立法：congress, assembly, legislative 動(dòng)盪：動(dòng)盪：disorder, uprising, revolution 員警：?jiǎn)T警：

12、police, officer 監(jiān)獄：監(jiān)獄：jail, prison 武裝：武裝：army, armed forces 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：war, weapon, surrender, defeat, victory 和平：和平：peace, treaty 大家可以隨時(shí)隨地根據(jù)某一資訊聯(lián)想記憶單詞，比如：大家可以隨時(shí)隨地根據(jù)某一資訊聯(lián)想記憶單詞，比如：一個(gè)人騎車走在街上就可以聯(lián)想到：一個(gè)人騎車走在街上就可以聯(lián)想到：bicycle, truck, car, vehicle, bus, traffic (jam, light), rush hours, highway, freeway, zebra l

13、ines, cement, sidewalk, underpass, road, passenger, shops, fence 等等一個(gè)人到醫(yī)院又能聯(lián)想到：一個(gè)人到醫(yī)院又能聯(lián)想到： hospital, doctor, nurse, ward, medicine, cure, treatment, injection, illness, clinic等。等。o記憶單詞生活化記憶單詞生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/ deposit/ accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetable oilbreezeBuckle up, please.

14、 III.同義詞、近義詞含義比較固定詞夥關(guān)係（固定搭配固定詞夥關(guān)係（固定搭配/約定成俗）約定成俗） 看書(shū)看書(shū) read 看電視看電視 watch 看電影看電影 see 看黑板看黑板 look atl學(xué)知識(shí):learn knowledgel學(xué): possess/ acquire/ obtain/ gain/masterl知識(shí): skill/ intellectual depth/perspective/horizon/insight/ wisdomoOwing to _ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduc

15、ed considerably. A. fierce B eager C strained D critical fierce (動(dòng)作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定詞夥關(guān)係是：fierce competition eager:熱中,渴望 strained: 緊崩的，拉緊的 critical: 一起搭配的常用be critical of “對(duì)進(jìn)行批評(píng),挑剔” The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with 相當(dāng)大地相當(dāng)大地Apierce：v. 猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超

16、過(guò)極限所造成的緊張。tension:緊繃的狀態(tài)或緊張的局勢(shì)o包含關(guān)係(A包含B，選A)(2) His wife is constantly finding _ with him, which makes him very angry. A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw errors: mistakes/sth. done wrongly fault: 錯(cuò)(人的性格、行為或習(xí)慣上的缺點(diǎn)) shortcomings: (反: merits)指在學(xué)校老師作評(píng)語(yǔ)時(shí)給出的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 flaw: 指物體或材料上的瑕疵 Co指代關(guān)係指代關(guān)係(3) There was

17、 a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. A set back B stood back C held up D kept down Set back: 推遲、推延、阻礙（時(shí)間概念上的）推遲、推延、阻礙（時(shí)間概念上的） set about + doing著手、開(kāi)始做某事著手、開(kāi)始做某事 set out + to do著手、開(kāi)始做某事著手、開(kāi)始做某事 set down: take down/ put down/ write down set off: 出發(fā)，離開(kāi)，起程出發(fā)，離開(kāi)，起程=set out set up 安裝，創(chuàng)立，建立安裝，創(chuàng)立，建立

18、set aside 把把 留出留出hold up 支撐、推遲、推延、阻礙支撐、推遲、推延、阻礙(具體概念上的具體概念上的)stand back 後退後退keep down 控制控制 Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A set about B set out C set down D set upThe continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks. Co詞性詞性oMany

19、difficulties have _ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 “提高，提升，飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)提高，提升，飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)”raise the flagraise children太陽(yáng)、旗幟、水位等太陽(yáng)、旗幟、水位等的上升（具體概念）的上升（具體概念）指抽象概念（問(wèn)題、麻煩、指抽象概念（問(wèn)題、麻煩、新的局面等）的一種出現(xiàn)新的局面等）的一種出現(xiàn)B四級(jí)詞彙裡還有一個(gè)表示四級(jí)詞彙裡還有一個(gè)表示“上上升升”的詞：的詞：s

20、oar (通常表示毫通常表示毫不費(fèi)勁地上升到很高的高度不費(fèi)勁地上升到很高的高度)o詞根、詞綴的關(guān)係(5) There were some _ flowers on the table. A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal artificial: 人造的，人為的(artifact n. 人工製品，加工品) artificial leg artificial leather (genuine leather)unnatural:形容人的行為舉止不自然；不正常的 a bird of unnatural sizefalse: 假 （具有欺騙性的） fal

21、se passport/ false hair/ false teethunreal: 虛幻的（不是真實(shí)世界所擁有的） unreal world AoMore practice(6) This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. A gives B grants C entitles D credits give sb. sth. give sth. to sb.1) grant sb. sth 正式授予正式授予e.g. She granted me one mao. (錯(cuò)錯(cuò))2) 資助資助3) take sth. for gr

22、anted 1)entitle sb. to sth.2)entitle sb. to do sth.使某人有得到某事的權(quán)利使某人有得到某事的權(quán)利1)學(xué)分學(xué)分2) gredit card3) gredit A to B把把A歸歸咎於咎於Be.g. credit the car accident to the drivers carelessnessC(7) A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wishes within the stated period of time. A entitle B grants C

23、 presents D promises “贈(zèng)與，給與贈(zèng)與，給與”present withpromise to do mise sb. sth.A(8) Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A attributed B entitled C identified D justified attribute to 歸歸因於因於identify sth. with sth.將將東東西與西與東西認(rèn)為是相同的東西認(rèn)為是相同的證明證明,表明表明B(9)

24、She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat. A mild B slight C light D tender 溫柔的溫柔的(gentle)吃的東西不辣的吃的東西不辣的輕微的輕微的,少許的少許的e.g. A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone.light 反反:heavy (rain)清淡的清淡的,容易消化的容易消化的(肉肉)嫩的嫩的Wild 粗野的，野蠻的粗野的，野蠻的Wild animal, wild horse, wild f

25、lowershotspicy(10) When people become unemployed, it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability lazy bones懶骨頭懶骨頭貧窮貧窮,窮困窮困 poor無(wú)能力無(wú)能力idle: 閒置的閒置的,閒逛閒逛(的的),遊手好閒遊手好閒e.g. idle capital idle away some time虛度光陰虛度光陰 kill time C(11) Please be careful when you ar

26、e drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet. A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACKcrash 表示飛機(jī)的失事表示飛機(jī)的失事wreck 輪船的失事輪船的失事accident 汽車的車禍汽車的車禍The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _ and many houses collapsed. A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured injur

27、e: 在事故中受傷在事故中受傷wound: (刀、槍等）傷刀、槍等）傷hurt: (感情、情感的）傷感情、情感的）傷n. 污點(diǎn)，汙跡污點(diǎn)，汙跡(點(diǎn)狀點(diǎn)狀)v. 使使有污點(diǎn)有污點(diǎn)spotted dogspitspotchopchip弄髒弄髒,染色染色(片片狀汙跡狀汙跡)DIV. 形近詞(1) Niagara Falls is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors every year. A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement Pay attention totractor:

28、拖拉機(jī)拖拉機(jī)attraction:吸引力吸引力attract ones attention正式約會(huì)Keep appointmentBreak appointment男女之間的約會(huì)：date(2) The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently 相當(dāng)於相當(dāng)於therefore, 比較正式，一般比較正式，一般在句首在句首連續(xù)地（沒(méi)有間斷性）連續(xù)地（沒(méi)有間斷性）continually 連續(xù)地（有連續(xù)地（有間斷性，時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的）間斷性，時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)

29、的）“始終如一地，恒定地始終如一地，恒定地;總是總是”固定詞夥：固定詞夥：恒溫恒溫constant temperature“一貫地一貫地” 固定詞夥：固定詞夥：consistent policylight rainrain cats and dogsA(3) I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse Re-: again rewrite = write again review reviseRe-: back return re

30、ject reverse (轉(zhuǎn))：顛倒揭示，揭露A(4) Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. A release B relieve C relate D retain release sth. to sb.“向某人發(fā)佈、發(fā)行向某人發(fā)佈、發(fā)行”固定詞夥：固定詞夥：release energy減輕痛苦、憂慮等減輕痛苦、憂慮等relieve your pain /worryn. relief固定搭配：固定搭配：to ones relief使某人寬慰的是使某人寬慰的是relate sth. to sth.在思想

31、或意義上在思想或意義上與與有聯(lián)繫有聯(lián)繫be related to保持，保持，保留保留A(5) The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _. A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation 傳送,播送transmit v. (6) There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A preferable B considerable

32、C possible D available 可得到的可得到的,可應(yīng)用的可應(yīng)用的,可獲得的可獲得的The dictionary is available. The manager is available.There is no room (available) in our hotel. Consider v. Considerable:值得考慮的值得考慮的,可觀的可觀的,量大的量大的Considerate :考慮周到的考慮周到的-prefer (vt.) 喜歡喜歡-prefer to do -prefer to do rather than (to )do 寧寧願(yuàn)願(yuàn)而不願(yuàn)而不願(yuàn)-prefe

33、r sth. to sth./ prefer doing to doing (prefer coffee to tea)DPreferable: 更合適的更合適的,更喜歡的更喜歡的 具有比較意義的形容詞具有比較意義的形容詞(不能不能與與more, than, -er連用連用):superior to優(yōu)於優(yōu)於-inferior tosecond to 僅次於僅次於(Im second to none.)Sensitive to 對(duì)對(duì)感到敏感感到敏感(7) It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students. A par

34、tial B beneficial C preferable D liable 偏愛(ài)的偏愛(ài)的partial to/towards impartial to/towards 不偏不倚的不偏不倚的benefit fromliable to sth.遭遭遇到某事遇到某事A(8) Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels 裝液體的大木桶裝液體的大木桶便

35、宜貨，討價(jià)還價(jià)便宜貨，討價(jià)還價(jià)打折打折 discount 20% discountv. bargain with sb.與某人討價(jià)還價(jià)與某人討價(jià)還價(jià) bargain about sth. 就就討價(jià)還價(jià)討價(jià)還價(jià)B(9) Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city. A debate B consult C dispute D bargain 辯論，辯論會(huì)辯論，辯論會(huì)諮詢諮詢consultant 顧問(wèn)顧問(wèn)反駁反駁beyond dispute 無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯D(10) The neighborhood boys like to

36、play basketball on the _ lot. A valid B vain C vacant D vague 具有法律具有法律效力的效力的沒(méi)人佔(zhàn)用而空沒(méi)人佔(zhàn)用而空,暫時(shí)沒(méi)有充滿而空暫時(shí)沒(méi)有充滿而空反反:occupiedempty 空空如也空空如也,什麼也沒(méi)有什麼也沒(méi)有in vain徒勞徒勞,白費(fèi)力氣白費(fèi)力氣含糊不清的含糊不清的(11) Although they plant trees in this are every year, the tops of some hills are still _ . A blank B hollow C vacant D bare 因?yàn)闆](méi)寫(xiě)

37、因?yàn)闆](méi)寫(xiě)字而空字而空中空的、中空的、空心的空心的反：反：solid光禿禿的（一光禿禿的（一般形容土地）般形容土地）bald 光頭光頭DV. 動(dòng)詞片語(yǔ)及短語(yǔ)o turnoTurn down 將音量關(guān)小，拒絕oTurn up 把音量開(kāi)大；出現(xiàn)oTurn out 結(jié)果是、證明；生產(chǎn)oTurn over 移交，轉(zhuǎn)交（沒(méi)有方向性）oTurn to 求助於，參考o(jì)Turn in 交給，上交This company has turned out 100 cars.take over 接管接管hand over交給，遞給交給，遞給Refer too makeoMake outoMake for 朝走去oMak

38、e off匆匆地離開(kāi)某地,逃走oMake up oMake it=succeed in doing sth. (聽(tīng)力中常出現(xiàn))(1) Make up for 彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償Leave for Shanghai.Make for my office.組成組成,構(gòu)成構(gòu)成+數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字/百分比百分比be made up of 組成組成,構(gòu)成構(gòu)成(被動(dòng)被動(dòng))補(bǔ)考補(bǔ)考緩考緩考o(jì) takeoTake after在外貌在外貌,性格等方面與父母相象性格等方面與父母相象oTake apart(將大型機(jī)器將大型機(jī)器)分解，拆開(kāi)分解，拆開(kāi)oTake back 收回收回=withdrawoTake down 記下記下,寫(xiě)下寫(xiě)

39、下oTake effect 生效生效oTake effective steps/measures採(cǎi)取有效措施採(cǎi)取有效措施oTake in 理解理解領(lǐng)悟領(lǐng)悟, 吸收吸收(absorb), 欺騙欺騙(cheat)oTake off 脫下脫下,(飛機(jī)飛機(jī))起飛起飛(四級(jí)聽(tīng)力重點(diǎn)片語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力重點(diǎn)片語(yǔ))oTake on 承擔(dān)承擔(dān)責(zé)任責(zé)任等等等等; 雇傭雇傭(employ);oTake out 抽出抽出,取出取出oTake part in =participate in(1)Take the place of = replace (replace A with B)oTake turns + to do sth.輪流做某事oTake up 佔(zhàn)據(jù)時(shí)間;