高中英語語法篇——定語從句(試講)

1、2021/3/91高中英語語法篇高中英語語法篇 定語從句定語從句The attributive clause授課教師：姜洋授課教師：姜洋2021/3/92考點直擊考點直擊u定語從句是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點和難點，也是高考的重點和熱點。重點注意以下幾個方面： 定語從句的種類和常見關(guān)系詞的用法。 that引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句等名詞性從句的區(qū)別。 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法。 which，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定于從句的的用法及區(qū)別。 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別。 定語從句與強調(diào)句式和名詞性從句的辨析。2021/3/93A Short Story I will tell you a

2、 story that is very interesting. It is about a young man who was called Tom.Tom married a girl whose name was Jane. Jane was the girl whom Tom loved. They lived in a house which was built by Toms father. It was an old house where Tom was born. Tom liked to write stories and Jane loved all the storie

3、s that Tom wrote. They had 5 children, of whom 3 were boys. The children were very clever, which made Tom very happy. All the children went to college, as their parents expected. 2021/3/94知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建一.基本概念1. 定語從句 在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。2. 先行詞 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。3. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。并在句子中充當(dāng)句子成分。2021/

4、3/95關(guān)系詞的使用情況先行詞先行詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞/ /關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)詞在從句中擔(dān)任的成分引導(dǎo)詞在從句中擔(dān)任的成分物that,which主語、賓語、表語whose定語when,where,why狀語人who,that主語、賓語、表語whose定語whom賓語、表語人、物that主語、賓語、表語注意：關(guān)系代詞which ,as可以指代整個句子，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)有兩個：一是看先行詞是人還是物，二是看關(guān)系詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)什么成分。2021/3/96二.關(guān)系詞的用法 1. 關(guān)系代詞的用法 （1）由whowho引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞whowho只能指人，在從句中作主

5、語和賓語。例如： It is about a young man who was called Tom. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2021/3/97（2）由whomwhom引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞whomwhom只能指人，是whowho的賓格，在句中作賓語，口語中常省略。例如： Jane was the girl whom Tom loved. Mrs Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.2021/3/98（3）由thatthat引導(dǎo)

6、的定語從句。 關(guān)系代詞thatthat在定語從句中既能作主語，又可作賓語；即可指人，又可指物。例如： I will tell you a story that is very interesting. The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfatrher.2021/3/99 （4）由whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 關(guān)系代詞whichwhich一般指物，在從句中作主語，也可作賓語。例如： They lived in a house which was built by Toms father. That is the pen

7、 (which) I lost yesterday.2021/3/910 （5）由whosewhose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 關(guān)系代詞whosewhose是whowho的所有格，在從句中作主語，既可指人，又可指物。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.2021/3/911提示：“whosewhose+名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語，又能賓語，whosewhose的先行詞常用來指人，但有時也用來指具體事物和抽象概念，這時可以與of whichof which結(jié)構(gòu)互換，次序是“名詞+of whichof which”。例如： Tom married