高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解語(yǔ)態(tài)也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系.英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(activevoice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passivevoice).主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)那么表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者.一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,如果有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引出的短語(yǔ)表示.助動(dòng)詞be隨主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化.A.十種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：do被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：amisaredoneWecleantheclassroomeveryday.我們每天清掃教室.Theclassroo

2、miscleanedbyuseveryday.教室每天者B由我們清掃.Suchsongsareusuallysungbygirls.這些歌通常是女孩子們唱的.Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我們學(xué)校不教俄語(yǔ).Aremanygoodsshippedabroadeveryday每天者B有許多貨物運(yùn)往國(guó)外嗎2 .一般過(guò)去時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：did被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wasweredoneWecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我們清掃了教室.Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我們清掃了.Thewindowwasbro

3、kenbymyson.窗子是我兒子打破的.Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上種了許多樹(shù)嗎？Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少錢？3 .一般將來(lái)時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willshalldo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willshallbedoneWewillcleantheclassroomsoon.我們很快要清掃教室.Theclassroomwillbecleanedsoon.教室很快要被清掃了.Theworkwillbedoneimmediately.這工作斗假設(shè)馬上做.Willtheschoolsportsmeetingbeheldne

4、xtweek?校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在下星期舉行嗎？WhenshallwebegivenalectureontheInternet什么時(shí)候給我們作有關(guān)因特網(wǎng)的講座？4 .一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：woulddo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wouldbedoneWetoldhimthatwewouldcleantheclassroomsoon.我們告訴他我們馬上就清掃教室.Wetoldhimthattheclassroomwouldbecleanedsoon.我們告訴他教室很快就會(huì)被清掃的.Hesaidthatanewtradecenterwouldbebuiltinthecentreofthecity.他說(shuō)一個(gè)新的貿(mào)易中央將

5、在市中央建起來(lái).Sheaskedwhethertheirplanwouldbeconsideredwithgreatcare.她問(wèn)他們的方案會(huì)不會(huì)得到仔細(xì)的考慮.Iwasn'ttoldthatIshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.沒(méi)人告訴我要被邀請(qǐng)出席晚會(huì).5 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：amisaredoing被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：amisarebeingdoneWearecleaningtheclassroomnow.我們現(xiàn)在正在清掃教室.Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.教室現(xiàn)在正在被清掃.Ahospitalisbeingbuiltinthecentreo

6、fthetown.鎮(zhèn)中央正在興建一家醫(yī)院.Arethebabiesbeingtakencareofbythisnurse這些嬰兒正由這個(gè)護(hù)士照看嗎？Howisthenewteachingmethodbeingtriedthere那里是怎樣試行這種新教學(xué)方法的?6 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wasweredoing被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：waswerebeingdoneWewerecleaningtheclassroomthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候我們?cè)谇鍜呓淌?Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候教室正在被清掃Theteach

7、ingplanwasbeingdiscussedatthattime.那時(shí)正在討論教學(xué)方案.WastheTVsetbeingfixedthistimeyesterday昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候電視機(jī)正在被修理嗎？Thehousewasbeingpaintedwhenwearrivedathishome.我們到他家時(shí),他家房子正在粉刷.7 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：hashavedone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：hashavebeendoneTheclassroomlookstidy.Wehavecleanedit.教室看起來(lái)彳艮整潔.我們已經(jīng)清掃了.Theclassroomlookstidy.Ithasbeencleaned

8、.教室看起來(lái)彳艮整潔.它已經(jīng)被清掃了ManyforeignfilmshavebeenshownonTVsincelastmonth.上個(gè)月以來(lái),電視中播放了許多外國(guó)影片.Theradiohasnotbeenturnedonyet.收音機(jī)還沒(méi)開(kāi).Hasanewtrainingcentrebeensetupinourtown我彳門鎮(zhèn)上新的培訓(xùn)中央建好了嗎？8 .過(guò)去完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：haddone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：hadbeendoneTheclassroomlookedtidy.Wehadcleanedit.教室看起來(lái)很整潔.我們已經(jīng)清掃過(guò)了.Theclassroomlookedtidy.Ithadbee

9、ncleaned.教室看起來(lái)很整潔.它已經(jīng)被清掃過(guò)了.HisnewlywrittennovelhadbeentranslatedintoEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.上個(gè)月末,他剛寫的小說(shuō)已被譯成了英語(yǔ).Shetoldmethatshehadbeendismissedbyherboss.她告訴我,她的老板已把她解雇了.HerhomeworkhadnotbeenfinishedwhenIgothome.我到家的時(shí)候,她的作業(yè)還沒(méi)有完成.9 .將來(lái)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willshallhavedone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willshallhavebeendoneWewillhavecle

10、anedtheclassroombyfiveo'clock.我們將在五點(diǎn)之前清掃完教室.教室Theclassroomwillhavebeencleanedbyfiveo'clock.將在五點(diǎn)以前清掃完.Thenewbookswillhavebeenenteredintheregisterbeforeanotherparcelarrives.這些新書在下一批書到來(lái)前將登記完畢.Howmanyexpresswayswillhavebeencompletedbytheendofnextyear到明年年底將建成多少條高速公路？Beforeyoureturnmyworkwillhaveb

11、eendone.你回來(lái)前我的工作將會(huì)做完.10 .過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wouldhavedone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wouldhavebeendoneIsaidwewouldhavecleanedtheclassroomby500.我說(shuō)我們將在五點(diǎn)之前清掃完教室.Isaidtheclassroomwouldhavebeencleanedby500.我說(shuō)教室將在五點(diǎn)以前清掃完.Theheadmastersaidthearticlewouldhavebeentranslatedbytheendofnextmonth.校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)文章將在下月底譯好.Thedaywasdrawingnearwhenthedamw

12、ouldhavebeencompleted.大壩完工的日子不遠(yuǎn)了.Hetoldmethatpreparationswouldhavebeenfinishedby600.他告訴我準(zhǔn)備工作將在六點(diǎn)前完成.B. get+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除常用be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成外,還可用get+過(guò)去分詞,結(jié)構(gòu).這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用在口語(yǔ)中,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果.Theboygothurtwhenhewasridingtoschool.刃B孩子騎車上學(xué)時(shí)受傷了.Didyourlettergetanswered你收到回信了嗎？注意：用get+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者即by短語(yǔ)一般不表不出來(lái).Finallyhisbikego

13、trepaired.最后他的自行車得到了修理.AsIpassedby,myskirtgotcaughtonanail.我經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)候,我的裙子被釘子掛住了.C. seemappear+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)seemappear+過(guò)去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Sheseemedannoyedbyhiswords.她似乎被他的話搞得很惱火.Thehouseappearsdeserted.這房子好似沒(méi)人居住.提示：并不是所有的be+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的be都能被get或seem,appear等詞代替.【誤】Shegotborninasmallvillage.【正】Shewasborninasmallvillage

14、.她出生在一個(gè)小村莊.【誤】Theoldmangotofferedalargesumofmoney.【正】Theoldmanwasofferedalargesumofmoney.這位老人獲得了一大筆錢.【誤】Colingotcaughtcheatingintheexam.【正】Colinwerecaughtcheatingintheexam.科林測(cè)試作弊被抓住了.D.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中常用的介詞1. by表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或施加者Bywhomisthebookwritten這本書是誰(shuí)寫的？Thechildrenweredrivenindoorsbytherain.孩子Cl被雨趕進(jìn)了室內(nèi).2. with表

15、示用某種工具Thewolfwaskilledwithagun.狼被槍打死了.Thefieldwasspreadwithwildflowers.田野里野花遍地.3. from表示源于某種物質(zhì)看不出原材料Goodwineismadefromgrain.好酒是糧食制成的.4. of表水用某種材料制成看得出原材料Thetableismadeofwood.這張桌子是用木頭做的.5. 其他介詞Youarewantedonthephone.有找你.大家都熟悉他Heisknowntoeverybody.Shewascaughtintherain.她遭雨淋了.、/、A、1注息：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引出的短語(yǔ)

16、表示,但被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的by短語(yǔ)并不總是表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者.Apolicemanisknownbytheclotheshewears.警察可以通過(guò)他的服裝識(shí)別出來(lái).by表示方式Hewasmuchflatteredbyheraskinghimtodinner.她邀請(qǐng)他吃晚飯,他受寵假設(shè)驚了.by表示原因Thesnowwaspiledhighbythegate.門口雪堆積得很高.by表水地點(diǎn)二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法英語(yǔ)中,大多數(shù)情況下用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比擬簡(jiǎn)練、有力.但是,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也有其特殊的用途,它也是表達(dá)思想、描述事物的需要.人們通常在以下情況下使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：A.不知道或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Howisthisw

17、ordpronounced這個(gè)單詞怎么發(fā)音?Scientistssaythatworkisdonewheneveraforcemoves.科學(xué)家們說(shuō),力移動(dòng)時(shí)就做了功.AgreaternumberofmagicEnglishbookswillbepublishednextyear.明年將有更多的魔法英語(yǔ)書出版.Afterwar,everythinghadbeendestroyed.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,切都被毀壞了B.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Ifyoubreaktheschoolrules,youwillbepunished.如果你違反校規(guī),你將受到懲罰.強(qiáng)調(diào)youAnewHopeSchoolwillbeope

18、nedinourvillage.我們家鄉(xiāng)將開(kāi)辦一所新的希望學(xué)校.強(qiáng)調(diào)anewHopeSchoolSheislikedbyeverybody.大家都喜歡她.XiaoLiwaselectedmonitoroftheclass.小李被選為班長(zhǎng).C.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人而是無(wú)生命的事物Thebridgewaswashedawaybytheflood.橋被洪水沖走了.Wewereshockedbythenewsofhisdeath.我們聽(tīng)至口他的死訊極為震驚.Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriving.許多事故都是開(kāi)車不小心造成的.D.修辭的需要,為了使句子更加簡(jiǎn)練、

19、勻稱Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.他出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上,受到了觀眾的熱烈鼓掌.TheoldprofessorgavealectureonAmericanhistoryandwaswellreceived.這位老教授作了一個(gè)有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的講座,受到大家的熱烈歡送.IwasshownroundtheschoolcampusbySean,whohadenteredtheschooljustayearbefore.肖恩帶我參觀了校園,他去年剛進(jìn)這所學(xué)校.E.為了表示委婉或禮貌,防止提及動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或說(shuō)話者自己You'veb

20、eentoldmanytimesnottomakethesamemistake.你已被屢次告知不要犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤.Everybodyisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定.Thecontrolroommaynotbeenteredwithoutpermission.非經(jīng)許可,勿入限制室.F.科技文獻(xiàn)中為了客觀地描述事情及其過(guò)程Thefilmiscoatedwithlight-sensitivechemicals,whicharechangedbythedifferentshadesandcoloursoflight.膠卷上涂了一層感光的化學(xué)物質(zhì),

21、這些物質(zhì)因光的不同色度與顏色而改變.G.新聞報(bào)道中為了表達(dá)新聞的客觀性Thewest-eastgaspipelineprojectwaskickedoffonJuly4,abigeventinthenation'swestdevelopmentcampaign.西氣東輸工程7月4日全線開(kāi)工,這是國(guó)家西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的一件大事.H.有些動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個(gè)城市.Theschoolissituatedinthesuburbs.這所學(xué)校位于交B夕卜.注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by短語(yǔ)通?？梢允∪?但如果by短語(yǔ)是句子的重點(diǎn)所在,或者沒(méi)有by短語(yǔ)全句

22、的意思不完整時(shí),那么要保存by短語(yǔ).Thevegetablesdidn'ttasteverygood.Theyhadbeencookedtoolong.蔬菜的味道不好,燒的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了.不需要?jiǎng)幼鞯膱?zhí)行者Hearrivedattheairport,wherehewasmetbyhisfriend.他到達(dá)了機(jī)場(chǎng)并受到朋友的迎接.沒(méi)有byhisfriend,句子的意思不完整Everybodywascastdownbysuchnewsasthat.大家都被那種消息搞得很沮喪.需要by短語(yǔ)三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中國(guó)人的思維的著眼點(diǎn)在動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者,英美人思維的著眼點(diǎn)在動(dòng)作的承受者.中國(guó)人常這樣說(shuō)：

23、Iexpectyoutobethereontime.我希望你準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里.英美人常這樣說(shuō)：Youareexpectedtobethereontime.希望你準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里.這就是英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用比漢語(yǔ)中多的原因.由于英語(yǔ)句子的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)不同,因而變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方式也各不相同.A.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)生語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中只有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)：他們將在會(huì)議上討Theywilldiscusstheplanatthemeeting.論這個(gè)問(wèn)題.-Theplanwillbediscussedatthemeeting.這個(gè)問(wèn)題將在會(huì)議上討論.Inthepastthekingposse

24、ssedgreatwealth.過(guò)去國(guó)王擁有巨大的財(cái)富.nInthepastgreatwealthwaspossessedbytheking.過(guò)去,巨大的財(cái)富為國(guó)王所擁有.B.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)在這個(gè)句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ).變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),一般將通常指人的間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ),但有時(shí)也可將指物的間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)：Wegavethestudentsomebooks.我們給了這個(gè)學(xué)生幾本書.- -Thestudentwasgivensomebooks.這個(gè)學(xué)生被給了幾本書.- -Somebooksweregiventothestudent.幾本書被給了這個(gè)學(xué)生.Hisfather

25、boughthimacomputerlastweek.上周他父親給他買了一臺(tái)電腦.- -Hewasboughtacomputerbyhisfatherlastweek.上周他父親給他買了一臺(tái)電腦.- -Acomputerwasboughtforhimbyhisfatherlastweek.周他父親給他買了一臺(tái)電腦.注意：用直接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to,for,of等,以增強(qiáng)間接賓語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)氣.TheyawardedhimtheNobelPrize.他們授予他諾貝爾獎(jiǎng).- -TheNobelPrizewasawardedtohim.諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)被授予給他.Theho

26、sthadcaughtussomefish.主人給我們捉了一些魚.nSomefishhadbeencaughtforusbythehost.主人給我們捉了一些魚.for不可省nC.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在這個(gè)句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也隨之變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Allthevillagerspaintedthehouseswhite.所有村民都把房子涂成了白色.- -Thehouseswerepaintedwhitebyallthevillagers.房子者B被所有的村民都涂成了白色.Theykeptuswaitingforalon

27、gtime.他們讓我們等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.- -Wewerekeptwaitingforalongtime.我們等了彳艮長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.Weregardedhimasthebestdoctorintown.我們認(rèn)為他是城里最好的醫(yī)生.他被認(rèn)為是城-Hewasregardedasthebestdoctorintown.里最好的醫(yī)生.注息：有些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞,如make,see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listento等,在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),不定式應(yīng)加上to.Weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)

28、他向朋友們道別.nHewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.他被聽(tīng)到向朋友們道別.nD.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone構(gòu)成.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cancouldmaymightmusthavehadtowillwouldshallshouldoughtto主動(dòng)形式cancoulddomaymightdomustdohavehadtodowillwoulddoshallshoulddooughttodo被動(dòng)形式cancouldbedonemaymightbedonemustbedonehavehadtobedonewill

29、wouldbedoneshallshouldbedoneoughttobedoneThemachinemustbeoperatedwithcare.這機(jī)器必須小心操作.Suchasentenceoughtnottobeusedhere.這個(gè)句子不應(yīng)該用在這里.What'sdonecannotbeundone.覆水難收.Peoplehadtoberemindedofthedangerthatnight.那天晚上必須提醒人們留神危險(xiǎn)E.含有begoingtodo和betodo等結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句含有begoingtodo和betodo等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),分別用begoing

30、to+bedone和beto+bedone在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中,be只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種形式.Theproblemisgoingtobediscussedatthemeeting.這個(gè)問(wèn)題將在會(huì)上討論.ThisnewfilmistobeshownonTVnextweek.這部新片下周將在電視上放映.F.含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),通常用it來(lái)作為被動(dòng)句的形式主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句保存不變.TheysaidthathehadgoneabroadtostudyEnglish.他們說(shuō)他出國(guó)學(xué)英語(yǔ)去了.- -Itwassaidthathehadgoneabroadtost

31、udyEnglish.據(jù)說(shuō)他出國(guó)學(xué)英語(yǔ)去了.Wehaven'tdecidedwhenweshouldgocamping.我們還未決定什么時(shí)候去野營(yíng).- -Ithasn'tbeendecidedwhenweshouldgocamping.什么時(shí)候去野營(yíng)尚未決定.提示：帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),為了簡(jiǎn)練,還可把從句的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ),從句的謂語(yǔ)局部還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ).Webelievedthathewouldsucceed.我們相信他會(huì)成功.- -Hewasbelievedtosucceed.人們相信他會(huì)成功.FatherexpectedthatIshouldbeco

32、meanengineer.父親希望我成為工程師.- -Iwasexpectedbymyfathertobecomeanengineer.父親希望我成為工程師.G.祈使句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)肯定的祈使句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Let+賓語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞；否認(rèn)的祈使句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Don't+let+賓語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞或Let+賓語(yǔ)+not+be+過(guò)去分詞.Movethedesksintothecorridor.- -Letthedesksbemovedintothecorridor.把課桌搬至U走廊去.Don'ttrusther.- -Don'tletherbetrusted.-

33、 -Lethernotbetrusted.不要相信她.H.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般情況下,只有及物動(dòng)詞才能跟賓語(yǔ),而不及物動(dòng)詞不能跟賓語(yǔ),所以只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞那么沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).但有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后,變成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,因此就可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Thenursesinthishospitallookafterthepatientsverywell.- -Thepatientsarewelllookedafterbythenursesinthishospital.病人在這所醫(yī)院里被護(hù)士們照料得很周到.Theyhaveputoffthemeetin

34、gtillnextSaturday.- -ThemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextSaturday.會(huì)議已推遲到下周六了.注意：在使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),千萬(wàn)不要遺漏句末的介詞或副詞.Suchabadhabitshouldbegotridof.這樣的壞習(xí)慣應(yīng)該改掉.Alltheimportantmattershavenowbeenattendedto.所有重要的事情都得到了處理.1 .雙重被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)雙重被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其后的不定式均為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語(yǔ)既是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者,同時(shí)又是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者.Theyaskedustodiscusstheproblematon

35、ce.- -Wewereaskedtodiscusstheproblematonce.- -Theproblemwasaskedtobediscussedatonce.這個(gè)問(wèn)題被要求馬上討論.雙重被動(dòng)Sheofferedtobuyarecorderforme.- -Arecorderwasofferedtobeboughtforme.有人提出要幫我買一臺(tái)錄音機(jī).雙重被動(dòng)Theteacherorderedthatweshouldtakethedeskaway.- -Thedeskwasorderedtobetakenaway.課桌被要求搬走.雙重被動(dòng)J.以下句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要用with,不用

36、bySmokeAlledthemeetingroom.煙充滿了會(huì)議室.Themeetingroomwasfilledwithsmoke.會(huì)議室里充滿了煙.Aclothcoveredthetable.一塊布把桌子罩了起來(lái).Thetablewascoveredwithacloth.桌子上鋪著一塊布.K.不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)1 .受動(dòng)詞的限制表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞,只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞,如have,own,cost,lack,want缺乏,become適合,fit,resemble,fail,last,flee,benefit,hold等作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句.Sheresemb

37、leshermother.她像她媽媽.Helacksself-confidence.他缺乏自信.Thishallcanhold2,000people.這個(gè)大廳能容納兩千人.當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞have表示吃飯“、患病"、明白"、知道等意思時(shí),沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式.Wouldyouhaveacupoftea你要喝杯茶嗎？Shehadabadcoldyesterday,andnowsheisfeelingmuchbetter.昨天她得了重感冒,現(xiàn)在好多了當(dāng)動(dòng)詞get,take表示懂得“、知道,owe表示欠",cost表示使失去生命、健康等的意思時(shí),動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Doyou

38、getme你明白我的意思嗎？Howdoyoutakethispassage這段話你怎么理解？Iowe50poundstoyou.我欠你五十英鎊.Hiscarelessdrivingcosthislife.他粗心的駕駛使他喪了命.2 .受賓語(yǔ)的限制當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是相互代詞、反身代詞或具有類似相互代詞的關(guān)系時(shí),動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式.Theysimplycannotcontainthemselvesforjoy.他們簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法抑制內(nèi)心的喜悅.Heabsentedhimselffromameetingyesterday.他昨天缺席會(huì)議了.Foryearsthetwosisterslookedafterone

39、another.多年來(lái)兩姐妹互相照顧.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)前帶有主語(yǔ)的形容詞性物主代詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).IcouldnotbelievemyeyeswhenIsawhimstillalive.看到他還活著,我簡(jiǎn)直不相信自己的眼睛.Thedoctorshookhisheadandthenwentoutwithoutanywords.醫(yī)生搖了搖頭,一句話也沒(méi)說(shuō)就出去了.注意：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是身體的一局部,一般不可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但也有例外.Hefixedhiseyesontheoilpainting.他注視著這幅油畫.-Hiseyeswerefixedontheoilpainting.他的兩眼注視著

40、這幅油畫.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)起狀語(yǔ)作用,表示數(shù)量、重量、大小或程度時(shí),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Thiskindofdictionarycoststendollars.這種字典價(jià)值十美元.Thecaseweighstwentykilos.這箱子重二十公斤.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí),通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Helaughedaheartylaugh.他由衷地笑了笑.Shedreamtasweetdream.她做了一個(gè)美夢(mèng).如果賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不能變換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Headmittedhavingdonewrong.他成認(rèn)做錯(cuò)了.Hehasdecidedtogoandstudyabroad.

41、他已決定出國(guó)留學(xué).如果enter,leave,reach的賓語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)等,不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Heleftthearmyin1998.他1998年退伍.Sheenteredthehallatonce.她馬上就進(jìn)入了大廳.另外,不可拆開(kāi)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如takeplace,loseheart,belongto,consistof,changecolour等,也不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thebookbelongstome.這本書是我的.Shecaughtaverybadcold.她患了重感冒.必背：一些常見(jiàn)的不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)賓詞組catchacold感冒eatone'swordslosehea

42、rt喪失信心losepatience失去耐心makeaface做鬼臉makeupone'smind決心makebed鋪床makeroomforkeepwatch守望keepsilence保持安靜speakone'smind說(shuō)明見(jiàn)解takeplace發(fā)生takeone'stime沉著不迫,別著急takeoffice就職takeone'sleave請(qǐng)彳段takenotes作筆記takeuparms拿起武器takeone'splace就位含有wouldrather或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare的句子,不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)OIwouldratherdoitnow.我寧可現(xiàn)在就干這

43、件事.Hedarenotdoit.他不敢干那件事.四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)所謂系表結(jié)構(gòu),在此指連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu).它與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以在應(yīng)用時(shí)應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別.A.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài).前者通常可用by+人或by+抽象名詞表動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,而后者那么一般不用.Thegatetothegardenwaslockedbythegirl.花園門被那個(gè)女孩鎖上了.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Thegatetothegardenwaslocked.花園門鎖了.系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thetreewasblowndownbythehighwinds

44、.那棵樹(shù)被大風(fēng)吹倒了.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Thetreewasblowndownwhenwesawit.我們看到那棵樹(shù)時(shí),它已經(jīng)被吹倒了.系表結(jié)構(gòu)注息：少數(shù)連系動(dòng)詞be+用作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式也帶by短語(yǔ).Theoldmanwassurroundedbysmallchildren.老人被孩子們團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Guilinissurroundedbyhillsandmountains.桂林周圍者8是山.系表結(jié)構(gòu)Wewereheldupbyfog.我們因霧受阻.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thetreeisknownbyitsfruit.看到果子就知道是什么樹(shù).系表結(jié)構(gòu)B.系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)等少數(shù)幾種時(shí)

45、態(tài)；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用多種時(shí)態(tài).Thecompositioniswellwritten.這篇作文寫得很好.系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thecompositionisbeingwritten.這篇作文正在寫.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)C.系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞可被very,too,so修飾,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞須用much修飾.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.這孩子嚇得動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng).系表結(jié)構(gòu)Hewasveryexcited.他很沖動(dòng).系表結(jié)構(gòu)Hewasmuchexcitedbythenews.他聽(tīng)到消息后很沖動(dòng).被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)D.be+不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞通常是系表結(jié)構(gòu).Hermoneyisallgone.她的錢都花光

46、了.Thehonouredguestsarearrived.貴賓們到J了.Themoonisrisen.月亮升起來(lái)了.Sheisgrownup.她長(zhǎng)大了.Theleavesarefallen.樹(shù)葉落了Wearepreparedfortheworst.我們已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付最壞的情況.E.表示充滿意思的be+過(guò)去分詞+with結(jié)構(gòu)多為系表結(jié)構(gòu).Themountainiscoveredwithsnowalltheyearround.這座山終年被積雪覆蓋.Theclassroomwascrowdedwithpupils.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生.Thelakeisdottedwithfishingboats.湖里

47、漁帆,電,電.Thefloorwaspiledwitholdbooks.地板上堆滿了舊書.F.remain,feel,lie,stand以及become,grow等詞+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)多為系表結(jié)構(gòu).Thematterremainedunsettled.這件事懸而未決.Shefeltdisappointed.她感到失望.Theroadbecamecrowded.道路擁擠了.G.句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),反之為系表結(jié)構(gòu).Thebankisclosed.銀行現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了.系表結(jié)構(gòu)Thebankisusuallyclosedatsix.銀行通常六點(diǎn)關(guān)門.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Heismarried.他結(jié)

48、婚了.系表結(jié)構(gòu)五、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)中有些結(jié)構(gòu)形式上是主動(dòng)的,而表達(dá)的意義卻是被動(dòng)的.A.某些不及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)中一般只有及物動(dòng)詞才用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞不用于這種結(jié)構(gòu).但有些時(shí)候,某些不及物動(dòng)詞,其主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)的意義.Whendidtheaccidentoccur事故是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？Ice-creamalwaysgoeswellinhotweather.冰淇淋在暑天銷路好.Doeslifeexistonthemoon月球上存在著生命嗎？B. 一些表示開(kāi)始"、結(jié)束意思的動(dòng)詞Classbeginsateight./I點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始上課.Themeetingendedupw

49、ithwarmapplause.會(huì)議在熱烈的掌聲中結(jié)束了.C. 一些表示運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)意義的動(dòng)詞Themachinerunswell.機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好.Hisvoicerecordswell.他的音錄下來(lái)很好.D.當(dāng)read,write,translate等動(dòng)詞與表示行為方式的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)動(dòng)詞read,write,translate,act,add,wash,wear,cook,lock,sell,tear,cut,keep,feel,burn,strike,last等常和表示行為方式的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示被動(dòng)意義.這些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),是及物動(dòng)詞；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),是不及物動(dòng)詞,即用主動(dòng)形

50、式表示被動(dòng)意義.Thebooksellswell.這書的銷路很好.Mypenwritessmoothly.我的筆很好寫.Theplayreadsmoreeasilythanacts.這居U本易讀不易演.提示：這些動(dòng)詞常和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多半是否認(rèn)式連用,表示被動(dòng).Hiscarcan'tmove.他的車不能開(kāi)了.E.表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)意義有些表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞,如look,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,turnout等主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良藥苦口.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.他的話證實(shí)是正確的.Theflowerssmellsweet.這些花聞起來(lái)很香.Yoursentencedoesn'tsoundright