高考總復(fù)習(xí)代詞講解

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案代詞的用法代詞在近幾年高考試題中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率為 100%每年至少測(cè)試一道題。測(cè)試代詞常用對(duì)話形式，構(gòu)成特定語(yǔ)境，考查考生靈活運(yùn)用代詞的能力。代詞指代的范圍、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致的用法、易混不定代詞的 細(xì)微差別都是高考的必考點(diǎn)。其中不定代詞 one, the one , ones與that , those , it的用法區(qū)別。 代詞的概念：代詞是指代替名詞以及起名詞作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。主要分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞。代詞的分類：類人稱數(shù)量人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemysel

2、f第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselve s第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselv es第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheir sthemselv es一.人稱代詞分清主格和賓格形式，主格主要用作主語(yǔ)，賓格主要賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。I bought a present for him. Who is it? Its me二.物主代詞：名詞性物主代詞在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成雙

3、重所有格：a friend of mine形容詞性物主代詞一一只能起定語(yǔ)作用。通常：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞二名詞性物主代詞例如：This isn t my shirt; mine is over there.注意：分清主格賓格，主語(yǔ)用主格，賓格主要賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)形容詞物主代詞時(shí)候+名詞The panda is its top (attract).形容詞性物主代詞+名詞二名詞性物主代詞Is it his coat? No, it is mine.練習(xí)：1. Shall(we) go to the zoo by bus or by bike?2. Bob loves(he) mother very m

4、uch.3. Who bought it for(she)?4. Jim is a very good boy. We all like(he).5. (we) new model plane can fly very high.6. I have a lovely cat,(it) name is Carl.7. This is(he) bike.8. She doesn t like(she) new dress at all.9. Is this red coat yours? No,is yellow.10.do ones bestkeep ones wordsave ones lif

5、e?物主代詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)? lose one s way? earn one s living? hold one s breathmake up one s mindin ones opinion三.反身代詞：反身代詞通常作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。a.作賓語(yǔ)：We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.b.作表語(yǔ)；be ,系動(dòng)詞feel, look,seem 之后I am not myself today.The poor girl in the picture is myselfc.作同位

6、語(yǔ)The thing itself is not important.I myself can do it well.? *.反身代詞習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。? teach oneself 自學(xué) enjoy oneself 玩得高興； seat oneself 請(qǐng)坐? dress oneself 自己穿上衣服；help yourself to 自取，隨便吃一點(diǎn)；? talk to oneself 自言自語(yǔ)； call oneslef 自稱? make oneself understood 使 自 己讓另人理解；四.相互代詞：有each other 和one another 兩組。each other用于兩個(gè)

7、人或是物之間，譯為“互相，彼此”；one another用于三個(gè)或是三個(gè)以上的人或物之間。You two should help each other with their study.We respect one another. We often point out each other s mistakes.五.指示代詞：this, that, these, those , the same(同樣的)，such (這樣的)，so (這樣) 1. this(these) 近指；this(these)一股指后面要講到的事物(將要發(fā)生)e.g. This is a novel and that

8、 is a magazine.This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.I like theses books but I don t like those(books).What he told me is this : he wanted to go to Beijing .2.而that (those) 遠(yuǎn)指，而that(those)常指剛提到或是已經(jīng)完成的事情。 e.g.He didnt come . That is why he didnt know .That s all, thank you!3. such指前面所

9、述提到的這樣的人或事物， so代替一個(gè)句子或者短語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的事情， the same指剛剛提到的同一個(gè)人或事物I have never seen such a funny filmAs far as I know, there is no such car in this place.It is going to rain tonight. I hope so./ I hope not.I am the same age as you.Happy new year! The same to you.3. one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, itO

10、nea/an+單數(shù)名詞Ones復(fù)數(shù)名詞The oneThe+單數(shù)名詞The onesThe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞ThatThe+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞（尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)）thoseThe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)）It指代前面提到同一個(gè)事物My pen is lost. I must look for it.My pen is lost. I must buy one.I prefer red roses to white ones.The boy in this class are cleverer that the ones/those in that class.The population of

11、China is biggerthan that of India. (that=the population)The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.練習(xí)：1. I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for.2. I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy.3. The umbrella you bought is cheaper than I bought.4. The water in th

12、e cup is hotter than in the pot.5. There were a few young people and some older in the house.6. Marys handwriting is far better than of Peter.1.1 found hard to get on with her.9. He has saved my life. Ill never forget.10. Don t take the notebook away. My wife is using . 11. I m moving to the country

13、side because the air there is much fresher than in the city.12. We ve been looking at houses but haven t found we like yet.13. Many will fail to find jobs or lose the they have.總結(jié)：that可以指代可數(shù)單數(shù)或特指不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”；those 只能代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（=those ones 或the ones ）；one用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（泛指），相當(dāng)于“a/an+單數(shù)名詞

14、”；it指前面所指的同一物ones用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（泛指）；the one用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單 數(shù)（特指），有時(shí)可用that來(lái)代替；the ones用來(lái)代替前面可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)可以用those來(lái)代替（特指）；Why dont we take a little break?Didnt we just have?A. itB. that C. oneD. thisThe Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in .A. theyB. itC. oneD. wh

15、ich六.不定代詞：不明確指代某個(gè)（些）人或事物的代詞。1、both , either , neither 都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ) ，both可用作同位語(yǔ)。 both意為兩者都，either 表兩者中任一個(gè)，neither表兩者都不?！?017 全國(guó)卷】改錯(cuò):Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.2、any, none , all表三者或三者以上范圍，any表任何一個(gè)、一些（不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念，用于 否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中）；none表三者或三者以上中的哪一個(gè)都不；表示不可數(shù)物中的一點(diǎn)兒也 沒(méi)有；all整個(gè)的；所有的（三者或三者以

16、上）；所有的（不可數(shù)）。E.g. This book is a good seller , so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing.None of us are/is perfect .All of the village was flooded.some用于肯定句或由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的某種請(qǐng)求或是意愿的疑問(wèn)句。There is some water here. Would you like to drink some milk?練習(xí)：1. To reach an agreement, sides must make concession.2. If yo

17、u run after two hares, you will catch . 3. You can write on side.4. He wants to invite of his friends to his birthday party.5. There are many doors. A golden key can open door.6. of us could live without air.7. There are tress on sides.8. Mr. and Mrs. Li are teachers.9. You can sit at end of the boa

18、t if you can keep still.10. The research group produced two reports bases on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.11. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have a lot of work to do.12. All the boy are clever, but of them can work out the

19、 problem.13.I have my jackets, you can take .14.of the twins are in our class.15. We couldn t buy anything because of the shops opened at that time.16. We were all very tired, but of us would like to have a rest.歸納總結(jié):都都不任一多者部分否定：All both everyone everybody everything 以及 every+ 名詞者B表示全部肯定;No one, non

20、e, nobody, nothing 以及 no +名詞表示全部否定當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中，不管 not位置在哪里都表示部分否定Not all of them smoke.They are not both teachers.All the boys don t like English.Such a thing can t be found everywhere.3、no one , nobody, none, nothing :no one, nobody表沒(méi)有人，nothing 指沒(méi)有什么事物，none兼指人和物。None著眼于數(shù)量概念?！?特指的人或物一個(gè)也沒(méi)

21、有，一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有”。 How many people are there in the hall? /Is there any water in it?None.Who wants to go with him? No one（Nobody）.What can you see in the bottle?Nothing .Whal is in the boLLlc?Nwhing,（指東西）對(duì)比：，,L, I L 1 o一How mtch waler is there in Lne boLlle?一None.（指數(shù)量）Vi; ho is in ihe classroom now?一No one/

22、Nohody.Has anyone seen my book?一No, no one/nobody（ has seen your book;.How many siudeils are （here in ihe classroom?.一（指數(shù)量）4、another , the other , the others , other , othersanother表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一；與數(shù)詞連用，表再有 ，another+基數(shù)詞+名ti （s） 二基數(shù)詞+名詞（s） +more； the other表兩者中的另外那個(gè)，特指；the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或the others）, 另外那些

23、，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others （或other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞）另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。I don t like this , show me another one .There is another way of dealing with the problem.Where shall we be in another ten years ?-If you want to change for a double room you ll have to pay$15A. another B. other C. moreD. Each文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案*I will

24、stay here for another three days.3 more days.3 other days.I have two books. One is about English, the other is about French.He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a farmer.There are many books on the table. Some are English, the others are French.His ideas were often different from others. S

25、ome praise him, while others condemn him.搭配：l.one - anotherTo learn is one thing, to teach is another.To say is one thing, to do is another.2.some.others. 有些有些；Some like tea, others like milk.Some say yes, while others say no.3.one.the other. 一個(gè)（特指兩者中的）另一個(gè)I have two books, one is English, the other

26、is French.4.On the one hand, on the other hand, 一方面，另一方面On the one hand, I am your teacher, on the other hand, I am you friend.練習(xí)：1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker,is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; like ball games.3. We were

27、all very tired, but of us would like to have a rest.4. of the twins are in our class.5. Boys, don t touch the machines, or you may hurt.6. We couldn t buy anything because of the shops opened at that time.5、every, eachEach指兩者或以上的每一個(gè)，可作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)，可跟 of, 文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案every指三者及以上的每一個(gè)，只可作定語(yǔ)，且后只能接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Each

28、of us has an English book. Each student has an English book.We each have an English book. Every student has an English book.6、 few, a few, little, a little, many, much復(fù)數(shù)名 詞概念Many 許多a few一此幾不有Few很少，幾 乎沒(méi)有不可數(shù)Mucha littleLittle名詞概念許多少許, 一占有很少，幾 乎沒(méi)有I have many books/much money.There are few/a few apples

29、on the desk.There is little/a little water in the bottle.練習(xí)：1. （f艮多）people don t have （很多）food.2. （很多）mistakes are caused by carelessness.3. （很少）people can live to be 100 years old.4. You have done very （fit 少）for me.5. There is time left, Hurry up.6. There is time left. Please don t hurry.7. Come i

30、n and have （ 一點(diǎn)）whisky.8.She has written many books but I have only read（少數(shù)）.7、anyone=anybody, any one everyone=everybody, every one someone=somebody, someone合寫一般指人，分寫則人、物均可表示，另外合寫后不接 of,分寫則可接of。We everyone should study hard. Every one of us should study hard.【注意】anyone, anybody表示任何人，anything表示任何事或物

31、，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體；everyone表示 每個(gè)人，everything 表示每件事或物，強(qiáng)調(diào)全部。這兒吵死了8. It 用法1. It is so noisy here.文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案2. What time is it byyour cell phone?3. It seldom snows in Guangzhou.4. Jt s about one kilometer from here to the park.5. This is my new pen. I bought it yesterday.6. Whose exercise-book is that ? It_ s hers.7

32、. What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy_?8. Who is the man over there ? It must be Jay.9. It_ s no use talking to him.10. It is important that we learn English well.11. I think it hard to win the game.12. It_is you that she loves, not me.13. I would appreciate it if you accept my invitation.14. I hate

33、it when you talk with me with your finger pointing me.15.It is high time that the baby went to bed.1.基本用法1 .指環(huán)境情況、時(shí)間、天氣、距離。（如14）2 .代替前文提到過(guò)的事物、前文的指示代詞（that , this）。（如56）3 .指動(dòng)物、性別不詳?shù)膵雰?、猜測(cè)不確定的人。（如7, 8）4 .用于表示感情的詞的后邊，如like love hate, appreciate （如13.14）5 .作形式主語(yǔ)（如9, 10） it is + 形容詞+to doit is+名詞+that it

34、is+形容詞+thatit is+過(guò)去分詞+thatit +不及物動(dòng)詞+that6 .形式賓語(yǔ)（如11）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中含有不定式，從句或者短語(yǔ)時(shí)候，用 it做形式賓語(yǔ)5 .構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。it is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他(如12)虛擬語(yǔ)6 . It is time (for sb.) to do sth.區(qū)分：It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(文檔大全氣）練習(xí)：1.1 find hard to get along with him.2. I make a rule to look after the old.3. I have make

35、 clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here .4. I hate when he calls me at work.5. was not until 11 o clock that I went bed.5.1 t was not until I came here I realized that this place is famous for its beauty.7.is impossible for him to get there in time.8. Where is my dictionary? I left on the desk.練

36、習(xí)：1. Was it during the Second World War he died?A.that B.while C.in which D.then2. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this B.that C.it D.he3. I dont think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this B.that C.its D.it4. Does matter if he cant finish th

37、e job on time?A.this B.that C.he D.it5. It was not she took off her glasses I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected to be much better.A.that B.this C.one D.it7. It was not until 1920 regular ra

38、dio broadcasts began.A.while B.which C.that D.since8. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It9. It was only when I reread this poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so文檔大全實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案10. I hate when people talk wi

39、th their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them11. It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.it1.1 I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one13. Do you like here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the

40、 way of life. Everything is so nice.（全國(guó)卷）A. this B. These C. That D. it14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made from some wood.（全國(guó)卷）A. it B. One C. Himself D. another15. The foreign Minister said, our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.（2004 北京）A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is16. is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. （2004北京）A. It B. As C. That D. What17. How often do you eat out?（2004, 天津）, but usually once a week.A. Have no idea B. I