最新人教版八年級下冊第二單元unit2重點短語語法總結(jié)

1、教師：劉老師 學(xué)生:年級:初二 科目： 英語時間：20 14年 8 月_曰 unit2 課次： 1/3一、教學(xué)目的與考點分析1 .單詞短語。2 .掌握句型：-what should I do ?3 .介詞的用法教學(xué)內(nèi)容及步驟一、重點短語1. argue v .爭論；爭吵 argue with sb .與某人吵架I argued with my best friend .我和我的好朋友吵架了。2. either adv.（用于否定句）也He doesn t have any money, and I don t, either . 他沒有錢，我也沒有。I can t play chess. Sh

2、e can t, either. 我不會下國際象棋，她也不會。too也（用于肯定或疑問句）I m a teacher . He is a teacher, too .我是老師，他也是老師。3. ask （sb. ） for sth .向某人尋求某物；要Dont ask for food every day . Go and find some work . 別天天要飯，找點兒工作做。I don t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不應(yīng)向父母要錢。4. the same as. 與相同（注意前后兩個比較對象的屬性保持一致）T

3、he clothes are the same as . my friends. 這些衣服與我朋友的一樣。Tom is the same age as Anna . = Tom is as old as Anna .湯姆和安朔 B 一樣大。Her backpack is the same as mine.她的背包與我的一樣。5. except除以外;（不包括在內(nèi)）My class has been invited except me .除我以外，我的同學(xué)都被邀請了。All the students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全體同學(xué)都去過公園了。The

4、y all traveled America except her.除了她以外，所有的學(xué)生都去美國旅行過。注意區(qū)別：besides除以外，還有 （包括在內(nèi)）We all went there besides him .除他去以外，我們也都去了。（=He went there . We went there, too .）他也去了，我們也去了！ / 大家都去了！There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外還有 5名訪客 （加上我是6個）6. wrong adj .錯誤的；有毛病的；不合適的Whats wrong with you?你怎么了 ？（你哪里

5、不舒服？）Ive got a headache . 我頭痛。What s wrong with your watch? It doesnt work. 你的手表怎么了？它不走了。注意： What s the matter with you?= What s wrong with you ?=Whaf s the trouble with you? 你怎么了？ /你出什么事了？7. get on （well ） with sb .與某人相處（融洽）get on （ well ） with sth某事進(jìn)展地好The students will get on well with the teache

6、r.學(xué)生會和老師相處得非常好。How are you going on with your new friends?你和你的新朋友相片如何?These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.這些大，格林先生的工作進(jìn)展很順利8. have a fight with sb . = fight with sb .與某人打架I don t want to have a fight with my cousin . 我不想和我的堂兄打架。They never fight with each other.They are really good frie

7、nds.他們從不打架，他們的確是好朋友。二、主要句型（Key Sentences Structures）What should I do? You could write him a letter .What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to himWhat should they do? They shouldnt argue .三、詞語辨析1 . borrow sth. from sb.從某人處借進(jìn)某物（借回來）lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth把某物借給某人（借出去）注： borrow sth. from s

8、b.是指該句的主語從別人處（往里）借進(jìn)某物例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday.他昨天從露西處借了那本字典.lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.是指該句的主語把某物（往外）借給別人用例如： Could you lend me your car?=Could you lend your car to me?請你借給我你的車用一下好嗎？2 .get sb. to do 使做（以人為對象時,有“說服使做”的含義）He could get a tutor to come to his home.他可以請一位家庭教師

9、來他家。You ll never get her to agree.你決不可能使她同意。ask sb. to do 邀請（人）做We asked her to come to our party.我們請她來參加聚會tell sb. to do讓某人做某事例如：The teacher told him to finish the work that day.老師那天讓他完成那項工作。3、be in style 時髦的，流行的be out of style過時的，不時髦的例：Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很時髦。Those clothes are out

10、 of style.那些衣服過時 了。四、課文解釋1、I don t want to surprise him.我不想讓他感到意外。止匕處surprise 是及物動詞surprise sb.使某人感到吃驚eg. My friend always surprises me.用電話就此事進(jìn)行交流2、talk about it on the phoneOn the phone 在電話里。不能使用 in the phone 、eg. They talk about a lot on the phone yesterday.給某人打電話給某人寫信給他一張觀看球賽的入場券（注意to譯為：.的） s sho

11、w.他們搞了兩張今晚表演的入場券。他們昨天在電話里談了很多3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call4、 write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb.5、give him a ticket to a ball game.eg. They got two tickets to tonight6、She has the same haircut as I _ do.她和我有相同的發(fā)型。eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣月艮。7、巾nd out（經(jīng)過某

12、人的研究、努力）發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出，找出You should find out the answer for yourself.你應(yīng)該自 己去找答案。8、 Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除了我以外，我們班其他別的人都接到了邀請（信）此句中else 一詞不能單獨使用，它必須跟在不定代詞像“ someone, anyone nobody”等詞的后面， 或跟在特殊疑問詞像“ what, where ”等詞的后面使用意思是“別的”eg. What else 別的什么， Who else 其他誰 someone else 其他人9、I can t

13、 think what I did wrong.我真想不出我做錯了什么。止匕旬中 what I did wrong是賓語從句, 應(yīng)用陳述語序（即 ： 主語 +動詞）10、I m very upset and don t know what to do.我很沮喪，不知該干什么。此句中what to do是不定式作know的賓語，可用賓語從句來代替?？梢哉f成“ I don t know what I should do. ”請背熟以下兩個常見結(jié)構(gòu)：I don t know what to do .我不知道該做什么。I don ，t know how to do it . 我不知道該 怎么去做它。1

14、1、There are a lot of things you could do.有許多你能做的事。此句中you could do 是定語從句，修飾前面的名詞“ things ”12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作業(yè)落在家里了。leave sth. + 介詞短語、是“把總在、落在（某處）的意思。eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把傘忘在公交車上。注： 千萬不能根據(jù)漢語的說法寫為：forget sth , 只能用leave sth. 表示 “落下 ”13、You should try to be funny.你應(yīng)該

15、試著幽默一些。Try to do努力做，試著做，盡量做而try not to do 是盡量不做eg. Please try not to be late again.請盡量不要再遲至 U。14、Their school days are busy enough.他們的學(xué)校生活是夠忙的。enough必須放在形容詞/副詞的后面，表示“足夠的” （后置）eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple.他足夠高的可以夠著那個蘋果。15、 be under too much pressure.在太多的壓力下16、see other children doing a l

16、ot of things看別的孩子在做許多事see sb. doing看見某人正在干某事（強調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行）See sb do sth看見某人做過某事（強調(diào)動作已結(jié)束）eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那時我們看見他們在打籃球17、find it hard to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做（事）很難He found it hard to learn math well.他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)很難注：it初中階段常作：形式主語/形式賓語，而句子真正的主語/賓語則由to do來擔(dān)當(dāng).一、介詞按其構(gòu)成可分為：1. 簡單介詞 at, in, on, to

17、, since, until等。如：Hes worked there since 1998.2. 復(fù)合介詞 into, onto, out of 等。如：She is out of school. 她畢業(yè)了。3. 二重介詞 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如：Im from out of town.我是從城外來的。4. 短語介詞 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如：I went back not because of the rain, but because

18、I was tired.我回去不是因為下雨，而是因為我累了。二、介詞的作用：1. 表示地點：after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如：Near the village the boys are skating on the ice.男孩子們正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。They lay down under the shade of a tree.他們躺在一棵樹的樹陰下。2. 表示時間： about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如：Aft

19、er class he will tell us about the accident.課后他將告訴我們有關(guān)事故的情況。A heavy rain has been falling across three days.一場大雨下了整整三天。The accident happened during the night.事故發(fā)生在夜間。等。如:3. 表示動作：at, across, around, on, over, underThe earth goes around the sun.地球繞太陽運行。The car is under repair.汽車在修理中。4. 表示比較： as, like,

20、 above, over, with 等。如：She was something like her sister.她有幾份像她的妹妹。Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English.和英語相比， 漢語難得多。不要擔(dān)心我的功課。我因事不能來。他對我所做的很氣憤。等。如:5. 表示原因：about, for, from, with 等。如：Dont worry about my lessons.Business kept me from coming.He was angry with what I did.6. 表示條件：to, w

21、ith, withoutWithout your advice, he would have failed.沒有你的忠告他可能已經(jīng)失敗了。7. 表示手段、方式：as, by, in, with 等。如：He behaved as a drunkard.他的舉止如同醉漢一樣。Learn the new words by heart.t 己住這些生詞。We see with our eyes.我們用眼睛看。8. 表示距離、數(shù)量：from, in, within 等。如：My house is ten miles from the school.我家離學(xué)校十英里。They were thirty i

22、n all.他們總共有三十人。9. 表示目的：as, for 等。如：I only said it as a joke.我只是把它當(dāng)作笑話講的。Its time for class.到上課的時間了10. 表示讓步：for, with 等。如：For all his effort, he didnt succeed.雖然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。With all his money, he is unhappy. 盡管他有錢，但他并不快樂。for還可以引導(dǎo)插入語，例如：1, for one, shall vote against the proposal.我也投票反對這個提議。一 時間介詞的用

23、法辨析1. 時間介詞in、on、at、by的用法辨析.介詞in用來表示一天中某段時間，指大、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如：in the morningA.介詞on用來表示某一天或星期幾，指明具體的時間。如： on a rainy day8 .介詞at用來表示特定的時間、節(jié)日、年齡等。如： at noonC.介詞by表示的時候、至U、等到已經(jīng)等用在大、時間的前面。如：by 2 o clock 2. 時間介詞in與after的用法辨析.介詞in + 一段時間用于一般將來時。如： We ll go to school in two weeks.A.介詞 after + 一段時間用于一般過去時。如： My

24、 mother came home after half an hour.9 .介詞after + 時間點常用于一般將來時。如： We ll go out for a walk after supper.2. 時間介詞for與since的用法辨析. 介詞 for 表示一段時間如：I have been living here for 10 years.A.介詞since 表示從過去某一時間以來如：I have been living here since 2000.2. 時間介詞during與for的用法辨析.當(dāng)所指的時間起止分明時用介詞during 如：He swims every day

25、during thesummer.A.如果一段時間不明確則用介詞 for如：I haven t seen her for years.2. 時間介詞before與by的用法辨析. 介詞 before 表示 “在之前”如：He won t come back before five .A.介詞by表示“到一時為止,不遲于”如：The work must be finished by Friday.3. 時間介詞till 與until用法的異同.till 和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到為止”，如：I will wait till (until ) seven oclock .A. til

26、l和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在一以前”或“直到才”。如：Tom didnt come back till (until ) midnight .B. till多用于普通文體，而until則用于多種文體，并且在句子開頭時，用until 而不用till 。如： Until he comes back 、 nothing can be done .2不用介詞表達(dá)時間的幾種情況.當(dāng)表示時間的詞前有this, that 時，其前面不用介詞，如：this morningA.當(dāng)表示時間的詞前有next時，其前面不用介詞，如：next SundayB.當(dāng)表示時間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時，其前面不用介詞，如

27、：last SundayC.當(dāng)表示時間的詞前有 one, any, each, every, some或all 時，其前面不用介詞, 如： You can come any day.方位介詞與地點介詞的用法辨析1. 方位介詞on, over, above 的用法辨析.介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起，如： The book is on the table.A.介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系，即“在一上方”，如：Is there any bridge over the river?8. 介詞 above表示一般的 “高于” , “在之上”,如： There was an e

28、lectric clock above his bed.2. 方位介詞under與below的用法辨析. 介詞 under 是 over 的反義詞即“在下方”,如：They were seen under the tree.A.介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于”，“在之下，如：They live below us.3. 方位介詞 across, 、 through 、 over, 、 past 的用法辨析.介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”，強調(diào)從表面穿過。如：She went across the street to make some purchases.A.

29、介詞through著重于“穿越”，強調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.B.介詞 over 多表示從“上方越過”,如： He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.C. 介詞 past 表示從 “面前經(jīng)過”, 如： Someone has just gone past the window.2. 方位介詞in、on、at的用法辨析.介詞in表示“排、行、組”，如： We are in Team One.A.介詞 on 表示“左、右”，如：Li

30、Ping is on my left.B. 介詞 at 表示 “前、后”,如：I sit at the front of the classroom.2. 方位介詞to、for的用法辨析.介詞to表示目的地或去的目的，如： Wil you take a train to Tianjian.A.介詞 for 表示動身去某地，如：He got on a train for Shanghai.3. 地點介詞at與in的用法辨析.介詞at表示較小的地方，如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等，如： Helives at a small village. A.介詞in表示較大的地方，如大城市、國家、洲等，如： He lives in Beijing.4. 地點介詞at與on的用法辨析.介詞 at 用于門牌號，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.A. 介詞 on 用于路名，如： He lives on Nanjing Road.2. 地點介詞in、on、to的用法辨析. 介詞 in 表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.A.介詞 on 表示“緊鄰”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.B.介詞 to 表示“沒接觸”如：France lies to the south of England.三.其