高考英語完形填空之解題技巧（課堂PPT）

1、解題技巧完型填空完型填空 之能力訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)之能力訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)： 詞語辨析能力詞語辨析能力 語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力 語篇理解能力語篇理解能力 邏輯推理能力邏輯推理能力 文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力 作者意圖剖析能力作者意圖剖析能力1) 生活常識綜合運(yùn)用能力生活常識綜合運(yùn)用能力 題材常為說明文或題材常為說明文或夾敘夾議的文章夾敘夾議的文章. . 內(nèi)容完整內(nèi)容完整, ,邏輯性強(qiáng)邏輯性強(qiáng), ,語言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)語言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn). . 考察近義詞語細(xì)微差別的辨析考察近義詞語細(xì)微差別的辨析. . 考察重點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞考察重點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞: :名名/ /代代/ /動詞動詞/ /形容形容/ /副副詞等詞等. . 關(guān)注語

2、境背景知識關(guān)注語境背景知識, ,側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián)側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián), ,暗示暗示判斷能力判斷能力. . 側(cè)重于篇章側(cè)重于篇章, ,體現(xiàn)語用判斷和內(nèi)在邏輯體現(xiàn)語用判斷和內(nèi)在邏輯. .完型填空特點(diǎn)完型填空特點(diǎn): :完形填空總體要求完形填空總體要求完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語言知識、閱完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語言知識、閱讀理解能力和總體語言水平。讀理解能力和總體語言水平。解題過程是對語篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜解題過程是對語篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過程，通常我們可以測、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過程，通常我們可以借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知識等識等進(jìn)行解題。進(jìn)行解題。解題方法：解題方

3、法：總的原則總的原則: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方針：八字方針：上下求索，瞻前顧后。上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲：三步曲：讀讀填填讀讀三步答題三步答題Step1Skip(跳讀跳讀) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.

4、.( (完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進(jìn)入語境）完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進(jìn)入語境）Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握語篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于一些恰當(dāng)在把握語篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于一些恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案的方法選擇最佳答案)Four methods(四種常用的方法四種常用的方法)：1、context (上下文語境上下文語境)2、word distinctions or collocations (詞語辨析和固定搭配詞語辨析和固定搭配)3、information given

5、in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等反義詞等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常識文化背景和常識)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查）（將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查） Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂語在上下文的中是否一致時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂

6、語在上下文的中是否一致)2. grammar and collocations (語法和習(xí)慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致語法和習(xí)慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理文的銜接是否合理)完形填空之完形填空之 九大解題技巧九大解題技巧 I did very badly

7、at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” 36.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful2. 根據(jù)上下文語境，合理推斷來解題根據(jù)上下文語境，合理推斷來解題Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but

8、 used 38 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praisePractice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. c

9、ared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker常見的標(biāo)志性的詞語有以下幾種常見的標(biāo)志性的詞語有以下幾種:結(jié)構(gòu)層次結(jié)構(gòu)層次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；邏輯關(guān)系：邏輯關(guān)系：thus, therefore, so；遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides, whats more, further;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, while, however等。等。3. 利用語篇的標(biāo)志性的詞語解題利用語篇的標(biāo)志性的詞語解題She told the front-desk

10、 clerk she had had a(n) _1_vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important_and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite plea

11、sant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 4. 根據(jù)邏輯推理解題根據(jù)邏輯推理解題 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almostalways fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. lea

12、rning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discoverPracticeThe amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5. 根據(jù)常識和文化背景的角度來選擇根據(jù)常識和文化背景的角度來選擇I w

13、ent into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.從語法角度來解題從語法角度來解題1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place

14、. 1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back7.從詞匯辨析和固定搭配方面來解題從詞匯辨析和固定搭配方面來解題8.利用詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)解題利用詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)解題How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crac

15、k in the enamel (琺瑯）琺瑯）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生。上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生。 空空51和紅體單詞在和紅

16、體單詞在意義上是一致的，意義上是一致的， 屬于屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。.I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _38_ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already9.利用語氣副詞的情景解題利用語氣副詞的情景解題完形填空之完形填空之 實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練 A

17、re dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_. The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely, witheveryone on _3_. Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnthelp the other people. Wh

18、ywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else? 1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreamsD. words 3. A. boardB. ship C. seaD. deck 4. A. lifeB. death C. illnessD. disease 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man

19、 _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany. In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_. He ranoff as fast as he could, butthey followed. He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim, one to the right andthe other to the left. Whichr

20、oad ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. earth C. soilD. ground 9. A. whichB. that C. whereD. who10. A. sameB. separate C. dividedD. crossed11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go句型下文有暗示賓語separatewheregroundwhenoncetake He heard the two men_

21、12_ him, getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. Ittold him to go to the _13_ ,and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel. He was _14_here kindly and given a room, and so he was _15_from the two men. Thatwas the dream. 12. A. next to B. in front of C. besideD. behind13. A. houseB. hotel C. leftD. right14. A. accepted B. receiv