獨立主格整理文檔

1、獨立主格結構精講精練獨立主格結構是由一個相當于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語構成的一種獨立主格成分。With( without) 的復合結構可以看作是獨立主格結構中的一種形式。一、獨立主格結構的特點1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2） 獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 二、獨立主格結構的構成: 1名詞（或代詞） + 現在分詞He sitting at the des

2、k, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.注意：現在分詞being或having been在獨立主格結構中可以省略。The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing. 獨立主格結構中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名詞”結構中， 二是在邏輯主語是代詞的情況下。T

3、here being no bus, we had to walk home. It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2名詞（或代詞） + 不定式（短語） 不定式表示將來的動作。He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 3名詞（或代詞） + 過去分詞 過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動完成

4、的動作。The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.4名詞（或代詞） + 形容詞（短語）在獨立主格結構中說明前面名詞或代詞的性質、狀態(tài)The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a whil

5、e. He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.5名詞（或代詞） + 副詞 副詞在獨立主格結構中也多是說明名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。The meeting over, we all went home. School over, we all went home.6名詞（或代詞） + 介詞短語A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. He left the office, tears in eyes. 注意：在“邏輯主語+介詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構里，當介詞是in時，其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何修飾成分。但with 的復合結構不受

6、此限制。例如：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand三、獨立主格結構的作用： 多用作狀語1.表示時間His homework done（=After his homework was done），he went back home. 2.表示原因 There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home. 3.表示條件 Weather permitting（=If weather permits），well go to play basketball. 4.表示

7、方式或伴隨 He sat at the table, head down. 不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動詞-ed形式表示動作已經結束，動詞-ing形式表示動作正在進行。The manager looks worried，many things to be settled. The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.The man lay there, his hands trembling.四、With( without) 的復合結構的構成以及句法功能 （一）with / without +賓語+賓語補足語構成復合結構的幾種情況:1.

8、 with+名詞/代詞+形容詞He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open. = He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open.2. with+名詞/代詞+副詞The boy was walking, with his father ahead. = The boy was walking and his father was ahead.With the lights on, we can study.3. with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語He stood at the door, with a

9、 computer in his hand.= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.4. with+名詞/代詞+動詞過去分詞With his homework done, Peter went out to play. = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.5. with+名詞/代詞+現在分詞Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.= When no one was noticing, h

10、e slipped through the window.6. with+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.= because he has so much homework to do.（二）With (without) 的復合結構的句法功能：定語和狀語1. There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover. (定語) 2. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. = He stood in th

11、e rain, and his clothes were wet. (伴隨狀語)3 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. =The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因狀語）4With the signal given, the train started.= After the signal was given, the train started. （時間狀語）I.指出下列句子中的獨立結構1.In

12、front of the house was a tall tree, its top well above the tops of the other trees.2.The mid-term examination was over, the final examination to come in two months.3.The boy stood there, his eyes full of tears.4.A young policeman stood in the street, holding a little red flag, his face red with cold

13、.5.The teacher sat in her chair, surrounded by her students, a happy look in her eyes.6.With nothing to eat, he died of hunger. 7.Mary left left the office with tears in her eyes.8 Such being the case, you have no reasons for dismissing him. II.用獨立結構改正下列句子中的錯誤1.Being freezing cold, she had to dress

14、herself in warm clothes.2.Having finished his homework, we went home.3.A young mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard, followed her little son.4.His bike wrong, he has to walk to school.5.Tom rushed into my room, with his clothes covering with snow.6.They were angry with their money to be stolen

15、.獨立主格結構鞏固練習(一)1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem. A. will come B, coming C. to come D. having come 3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick up hi

16、s son directly A. to be B. is C. was D. being 4. - They sat still in the room, _. - Why did they do like that?A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 5. The sun _ , they continued their way. A. has risen B. having risen C. has rais

17、ed D. having raised 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month. A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D.

18、 to come out8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointing C. disappointing D. being disappointed9- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 10

19、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. _ , I had to ask for two days leave. A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C12. With so many books _ , I couldnt go to surf

20、 the Internet. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done . A. with his dropping head B. dropping his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 14. Winter _ , it is time to buy warm clothes . A .has come on B. is coming on C.

21、 coming on D. comes on 15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 16. With nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out . A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to l

22、eave 17. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished . A. for B. with C. of D. from18. I couldnt do my homework with that noise _ on. A. to go B. went C. going D. goes 19. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Because of B. With C. As for D. Besi

23、des20. Tom came home, _ . A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him獨立主格結構鞏固練習(二)1The thief stood before the policeman，_, admitting what he had done Awith his drooping head Bdrooping his head Craising his head Dwith his head down 2_ ，he cant go out f

24、or a walk as usual AWith so much work to do BWith so much work doing CWith so much work done DWithout so much work to do 3Its quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _ and his eyes _ Aclosed；open Bclosed；opened Cclosing；open Dclosing；opening 4All things _ ，the plan trip will have to be call

25、ed off Abe considered Bconsidered Cconsidering Dhaving considering 5_ ，we have to get down to business right away AAs there was no time left BThere is no time left CThere being no time left DThere to be no time left 6_ yesterday，we went out for a walk AAs a fine day BIt was a fine day CIt being a fi

26、ne day DFor it was a fine day 7The old man stood there，_ Awith back against the wall Bwith his back against the wall Cwith back against wall Dhis back against wall 獨立主格結構鞏固練習(三)1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being2. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow af

27、ternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting3. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fin

28、e weather D. It being a fine weather 5. _, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A. tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down7. _, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on8. _, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lostC