初中三大從句及練習(xí)

1、講義二初中三大從句一、中考要求：賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句的用法是中考熱點(diǎn)之一，主要考查三種從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇；賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)；狀語從句主要考查時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、因果狀語從句，特別是條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)、so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句和目的狀語從句等。二、知識要點(diǎn)：1. 賓語從句：在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句，中考主要考查的知識點(diǎn)有三個(gè)：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種：1that；2whether/ if；3特殊疑問詞What/ when/ where/ who等。例如：He said that he could help me. 他說他能夠幫助我。Your

2、 mother asked if you could finish your work this week. 你媽媽問這個(gè)星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？你能告訴我運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在什么時(shí)候開始嗎？1) 以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般都是由陳述句充當(dāng)，引導(dǎo)詞that沒有實(shí)際意義，不在從句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。Do you think (that) it will rain? 你認(rèn)為天會(huì)下雨嗎？He said (that) he could come on

3、 time. 他說他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來的。2) 以whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：附屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，變成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。whether和if意思是“是否。Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡這個(gè)故事。注意：以下情況一般只用whether不用if。 接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。S

4、he doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去動(dòng)物園。 與or not連用時(shí)。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否準(zhǔn)時(shí)來，我說不準(zhǔn)。3) 含疑問意義的連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由wh-開頭的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。wh-詞包括who, whom, whose, what, which等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞，這些引導(dǎo)詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應(yīng)的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you te

5、ll me which gate we have to go to? 請問我們得走哪個(gè)門？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 他沒有告訴我他要在這里呆多長時(shí)間。注意：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)有兩種含義，一是“什么，一是“的東西/ 事情等。例如：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。what意思為的事情Can you tell me what we can do for you？請問我們能為你做點(diǎn)什么？what意思為“什么賓語從句的三個(gè)本卷須知：1語序：由whether/

6、 if和疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時(shí)注意相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞的變化等。例如：把這兩個(gè)簡單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)合句：Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告訴我們你爸爸在哪里工作嗎？Did you get home very late? He asked me. He asked me if I got home very late. 他問我是否到家很晚。2時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：My t

7、eacher says he will be back in a week. 我的老師說他將在一個(gè)星期后回來。一般將來時(shí)My teacher says he is watching TV. 我的老師說他正在看電視?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)My teacher says he has seen the movie. 我的老師說他已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如：My father said he was watching TV at that time. 我爸爸說在那個(gè)時(shí)候他在看電視。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)My father said the he had already

8、 seen the movie. 我爸爸說他已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。過去完成時(shí)如果賓語從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 我們的老師告訴我們太陽比地球大多了。3) 否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移：主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，從句的否認(rèn)一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反意疑問句與從句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute. 我認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)等到最后一分鐘。I

9、 dont believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不會(huì)做這樣的事，他會(huì)嗎？2. 定語從句：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般放在它所修飾名詞或代詞的后面，這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在從句中代表先行詞可以作主語、賓語、定語等。關(guān)系副詞代表先行詞在從句中可以作狀語。關(guān)系詞詞形所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分關(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語that人、物主語、賓語、表語whose人、物定語關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語why原因名詞原因狀語1選出正

10、確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵：看所修飾的是人還是物；看它所代表的先行詞在定語從句中做什么成分。例如：Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me? 你認(rèn)識賣給我雞蛋的那個(gè)人嗎？所修飾的詞是“the man，在從句中作主語，用who/ thatYour father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now. 你爸爸不在剛剛到達(dá)的火車上。(先行詞是物，用which/that，在從句中作主語)This is the book (which / that) you wanted. 這正是你要的書。

11、(先行詞是物，用which/that，在從句中作賓語，可省)Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor? 你認(rèn)識父親是醫(yī)生的那個(gè)男孩兒嗎？ (先行詞是人，whose代表“男孩的，在從句中作定語)You can go home where you can have a rest. 你可以回到你能休息的家中。 (先行詞是地點(diǎn)，where相當(dāng)于at home，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？ 你還記得我們經(jīng)常挨餓的那一年嗎？ (先行詞是時(shí)間，when相當(dāng)于i

12、n the year，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語Do you know the reason why she didnt come to our party？ 你知道他沒有參加我們聚會(huì)的原因嗎？ (先行詞是原因，why相當(dāng)于for the reason，在從句中作原因狀語2引導(dǎo)詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。例如： Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？你看到了我昨天給你的那本書了嗎？3引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，不能省略。例如： Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？你認(rèn)識那個(gè)在和你爸爸

13、說話的人嗎？3. 狀語從句：用作狀語的句子叫狀語從句。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞是附屬連詞。狀語從句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根據(jù)其用途可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從句，比較狀語從句等。A. 時(shí)間狀語從句：時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間，常用連接詞有：when當(dāng)時(shí)，while當(dāng)時(shí)，as當(dāng)時(shí)，before在之前，after在之后，since自從，until直到， as soon as一就，once一旦就等。例如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 我直到做完作業(yè)才去睡覺。I can listen

14、 to the radio while I work. 我可以邊聽收音機(jī)邊工作。注意： 時(shí)間狀語從句中，一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。例如： I will telephone you when he comes. 他來了我給你打 。 Ill stay here until you come back. 我會(huì)呆在這里，直到你回來。 when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生，從句的謂語可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如： He was working when I went in. 我進(jìn)去時(shí)他正在工作。 When she heard t

15、he news, she began to cry. 她聽到這個(gè)消息，她哭了起來。 但是while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，意思是“在期間。 They rushed in while we were singing. 我們唱歌時(shí)，他們沖進(jìn)來。 as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，不分先后?？梢宰g成“隨著或“一邊一邊。 John sings as he walks home. 約翰一邊往家走一邊唱歌。 while還可以表示兩者之間的比照關(guān)系。例如： I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music. 我喜歡踢

16、足球，而湯姆喜歡聽音樂。 since引導(dǎo)狀語從句，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。 We have been friends since we met in Beijing. 自從我們在北京遇到就一直是朋友。 It has been six years since she left school. 自從她畢業(yè)已經(jīng)有六年了。 until/ till 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用否認(rèn)形式，not until意思為“直到才。 He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。B. 地點(diǎn)狀語從

17、句：地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn)。其連接詞有where哪里，wherever無論哪里等。例如：Put it where you find it. 把它放在原來的地方。You can sit wherever you like. 你喜歡坐在哪里就坐在哪里。C. 原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句表示原因或者理由。其連接詞有：because因?yàn)?，as 因?yàn)椋瑂ince既然等。例如：I often eat carrots because they are good for my health. 我經(jīng)常吃胡蘿卜是因?yàn)閷ξ业纳眢w有好處。As I dont know the way, I had to ask the p

18、oliceman. 由于我不知道路，所以我不得不問警察。注意： because表示因果關(guān)系語氣最強(qiáng)，常用來答復(fù)我why提出的問題。 I didnt tell them because they were too young. 我沒有告訴他們，因?yàn)樗麄兲　?because和so不能同在一個(gè)句子里。 Because the book was expensive, I didnt buy it. (I 前不用so)D. 結(jié)果狀語從句：表示結(jié)果。其連接詞有：sothat如此以致，so that結(jié)果， such that如此以致等。例如： Its such a good chance that you

19、 cant miss it. 這次時(shí)機(jī)如此好，你不能失去它。注意： sothat 和 such that 都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，注意so和such后面所接的詞不同。 such. thatsucha(an)形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that從句 such形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞that從句He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常老實(shí)，因而受到了老師的表揚(yáng)。 They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 這些小說非常有趣

20、，我想再讀一遍。 但是如果名詞前由many、much、few、little少等詞修飾，那么用so。例如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以致全身上下青一塊，紫一塊的。 so . thatso形容詞副詞.that從句so形容詞a(an)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that從句 He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非?？欤瑳]人能追上他。 Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects

21、him. =He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.) 他是一位好醫(yī)生，大家都尊敬并愛戴他。E. 目的狀語從句：表示目的。其連接詞有：so以便，so that為了，in order that為了等，從句中多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, will, may, should 等。例如：He got up very early so that he could catch the first trai

22、n. 他起床很早以便于趕第一班火車。F. 條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句表示條件。其連接詞有：if如果，unless 如果不，除非，as long as只要等。例如：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天氣好的話我們?nèi)ビ斡?。注意?條件狀語從句中，一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。例如： Unless it rains, the game will be played. 如果不下雨，比賽就將進(jìn)行。 unless意思相當(dāng)于ifnot。G. 讓步狀語從句：常由though/although (雖然)，even if

23、/ though (即使)等引導(dǎo)。例如：Though its hard work, I enjoy it. 盡管這是一件艱苦的工作，但我樂意做。當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：1.Your T­shirt is so cool.Could you tell me_？Awhere you buy it B where do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it2.I can't forget the time _ the earthquake happened in Yushu.Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhere3

24、. Would you please tell me _？At 10：00 this evening.Awhen will the train leave Bwhen the train will leave Cwhen does the train leave Dwhen the train leaves4. You speak good English. Could you tell me _？You'd better communicate with others in English as much as possible.Ahow can I improve my Engli

25、sh Bhow I can improve my EnglishChow could I improve my English Dhow I could improve my English5. This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. Awhere Bwhich Cwho Dwhen6. Friends are those _ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dw

26、ho7. Does anyone know _？I hear that he was born in Sweden. Awhat he is Bwhen he was born Cwhere he comes from Dwhich country is he from8. I don't know if Jack _. If he _，call me, please.Awill come; will comes Bcomes; come Ccomes; will come Dwill come; comes9. The TV play is about a true story _

27、happened in Mianyang in 1998.Ait Bwhat Cthat Dwhen10.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been11. The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. Awhich; are Bwho; are Cwho; is Dwhom; is12. Do you like music _ makes you

28、relaxed? Ait Bwhat Cwho Dthat13. Do you know _ the MP4 yesterday?Sorry. I've no idea about it. Ahow much did he pay for Bhow much he paid forChe paid for how much Dhe paid how much for14. Is that the man _ helped us a lot after the earthquake? Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dwho15. He met many problems _ h

29、e was going over his lessons.Abefore Bas soon as Csince Dwhile16. What are you looking for?I'm looking for the pen _ I bought yesterday. Awho Bwhich Cwhose Dwhom17. _ well you drive, you must drive carefully.ANo matter where BIn order that CNo matter how DAs soon as18. We have to get up at 7：15

30、tomorrow morning, _ we will be late for the 7：40 train.Abefore Bor Cif Dso19. The magician(魔術(shù)師) _ played magic tricks in last year's CCTV Spring Festival Gala is Liu Qian. He is popular in China now. Awhose Bwho Cwhich Dwhom20. Everyone can play an important role in the society. As members, we s

31、hould try our best to do _.Awhat we should do Bwhat should we do Chow we should do Dhow should do課后作業(yè)：1Sorry, we don't have the coat _ you need.Awhat Bwho Cwhom Dwhich2. It's a serious problem. We can't decide _ Mr.Harris comes back.Awhile Bsince Cuntil Dso3. It's snowing outside! Pu

32、t on more clothes, _ you may catch a cold.Aand Bbut Cor Dthough4. The policeman asked me _ at this time yesterday. Awhat was I doing Bwhat did I do Cwhat I was doing Dwhat I do5. _China is growing stronger and stronger, Chinese is taught in more and more countries. AIf BUnless CAs DAlthough6.Tommy,

33、do you know if Frank _ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it _？Sorry, I have no idea.Awill go; is fine Bgoes; is fine Cwill go; is going to be fine Dgoes; will be fine7. Could you ring me up as soon as he _?      A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive 8.She

34、asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may9. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled10. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. wh

35、ich11. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where12. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom13. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which14. This is the

36、place     _I have ever visited. A. there       B. when      C. where     D. which15. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when16. The moon is a world _ t

37、here is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why17. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which18. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which19. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose