英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)大全

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)一、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下幾種:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語。1、主語:句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you.2、謂語:說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加表語擔(dān)任，常置于主語后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.She is reading.3、賓語:表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，常置于謂語后。He won the game. He likes playin

2、g computer.4、表語:用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動(dòng)詞之后。He is a student.We are tired.注意:除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。5、定語:對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。The black bike is min

3、e.(形容詞)The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語)I have nothing to do today.(動(dòng)詞不定式)注意:1、當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等時(shí)，定語要放在其后作。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短語或從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.6、狀語:用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置靈活。1、修飾形容詞或副詞

4、時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前;I am very sorry.2、表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.They are writing English in the classroom.3、一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。We often help him. He is always late for class.7、補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位

5、于賓語后。He made me sad.(形容詞)She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)The war made him a soldier.(名詞)I find him at home.(介詞短語)I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)8、同位語:同位語是句子成分的一種, 它位于名詞、代詞后面, 說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、或從句充當(dāng)。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment.She is the olde

6、st among them six.二、句子的基本分類1、按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1)陳述句:說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。例如:Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲傳播速度快。(說明事實(shí))The film is rather boring. 這部電影很乏味。(說明看法)2)疑問句:提出問題。有以下四種:a. 一般疑問句: Can you finish the work in time?b. 特殊疑問句:Where do you live? c. :Do you want tea or coffee? d. 反意疑問句:He do

7、esn't know her, does he? 3)祈使句:提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令。例如:Don't be nervous! 4)感嘆句:表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如:What good news it is!2、按其結(jié)構(gòu)，句子可以分為以下三類:1)簡單句:只包含一個(gè)句子叫簡單句。例如:She is fond of collecting stamps. 2)并列句:包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用或分號(hào)來連接。例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite. 3)復(fù)合句:包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由引導(dǎo)。例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.五種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語謂語；2.主語系動(dòng)詞表語；如：The tree (主) gets（系）green(表).3.主語謂語賓語；如：I (主) like (謂) she (賓). 4.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語.（即雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)）如：I (主)didn't