食用菌主要病蟲害綜合防治技術(shù)

1、食用菌主要病蟲害綜合防治技術(shù)食用菌屬真菌類,他的生長發(fā)育所需要的環(huán)境條件,也同樣適合真菌病蟲害的發(fā)生,如果不重視生態(tài)環(huán)境的控制、不采取必要的預(yù)防措施,雜菌和各種蟲害便會隨之發(fā)生。因此,在食用菌的生產(chǎn)與栽培過程中,防治食用菌病蟲害應(yīng)遵循“預(yù)防為主,綜合防治”的植保工作方針,利用農(nóng)、化、理、生等進(jìn)行綜合技術(shù)防治,以促進(jìn)食用菌健壯生長,高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì),基本的綜合防治措施如下。Edible fungi, he needed for the growth and development of environmental conditions, also suitable for fungal diseases

2、 and insect pests occur, if do not take the control of ecological environment, not take the necessary precautions, mixed bacteria and a variety of pests will ensue. , therefore, in the process of production and cultivation of edible fungi, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of

3、 edible fungi should follow the "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control of" plant protection working policy, agriculture, to make use of born, science, etc. Comprehensive prevention and control technology to promote the growth of edible fungi robust, high yield and good qua

4、lity, the basic of comprehensive prevention and control measures are as follows.1治理環(huán)境1 the governance environment在良好的衛(wèi)生環(huán)境條件下,可減少病蟲雜菌滋生蔓延,提高食用菌的病蟲防治效果,這是實際生產(chǎn)過程中至關(guān)重要。In a good health condition, can reduce the miscellaneous bacteria spread of diseases and pests, improve the effect of the prevention and

5、 control of diseases and pests of edible fungi, it is crucial in the process of actual production.1.1保持衛(wèi)生環(huán)境良好食用菌生產(chǎn)場所的選擇和設(shè)計要科學(xué)合理,菇棚應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離庫房、養(yǎng)殖場等有可能污染食用菌的地方;食用菌栽培環(huán)境要保持潔凈,不可堆放廢物,保持整潔。整個生產(chǎn)過程中所有有門窗的地方都要有窗紗防護(hù),避免害蟲進(jìn)入與雜菌污染。技術(shù)人員進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)與工作環(huán)境時,要著專業(yè)工作服裝并做好消毒工作,否則不得進(jìn)入。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑情況,立即進(jìn)行處理。將可能受到感染的病菇、雜菌、害蟲等污染物清理干凈。1.1 keep

6、good health environment to scientific and reasonable selection and design of edible fungus production places, mushroom tents should be far away from the warehouse, such as farms where possiblecontamination of edible fungi; Edible fungus cultivation environment must keep clean, do not pile up waste,

7、keep clean and tidy. The whole production process all have Windows and doors must have window screen protection, avoid vermin and bacterial contamination. Technical personnel entering the production and working environment, want to work with professional clothing and make disinfection work, otherwis

8、e not allowed to enter. Once found suspicious circumstances, immediately for processing. Will potentially infected disease mushroom, miscellaneous bacteria, insects pollutants such as clean up.1.2做好食用菌生產(chǎn)過程中工具與原材料消毒工作食用菌生產(chǎn)過程中工具與原材料都應(yīng)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的藥物消毒?？捎?%的高錳酸鉀溶液洗滌或用3%4%的石碳酸溶液噴霧消毒。需要覆土的菌類,所需要的覆土進(jìn)入栽培環(huán)境前需要經(jīng)過陽光曝

9、曬或藥劑熏蒸消毒。1.2 make edible fungus production tools and materials in the process of disinfection work in edible fungus production tools and materials should be strictly in the process of disinfection. Available washing with 3% 4% or 1% potassium permanganate solution of phenol solution spray disinfecti

10、on. Need turns the soil fungi, need before turns the soil into the cultivation environment requires sunlight insolate or drug fumigation.1.3防止培養(yǎng)料受到污染用生料栽培時,可選用5多菌靈抑制霉菌。先用清水將堆料場地沖洗干凈,然后用5敵敵畏溶液均勻噴灑,做好食用菌病蟲發(fā)生的預(yù)防工作。1.3 when it is used to prevent the pollution of PeiY angLiao raw cultivation, can choose

11、5 carbendazim inhibitory. First rinse with water will be stocking yard, and then use 5 evenly spraying dichlorvos solution, completes the prevention work of occurrence of diseases and pests of edible fungi.2嚴(yán)把菌種質(zhì)最關(guān)2 pass of strains of qualitative most選用正規(guī)菌場、質(zhì)量好的菌種,并做到適時接種。選種時要注意四點(diǎn)。1到正規(guī)廠家購買信譽(yù)度好、知名度高的

12、菌種。2母種傳代最好不要超過三代,栽培種直接由原種轉(zhuǎn)接,由栽培種再次轉(zhuǎn)接的不可作栽培種使用。3優(yōu)質(zhì)菌種應(yīng)該具備以下特征,菌絲健壯、純凈、無污染。4選擇適合當(dāng)?shù)?、適合栽培時期的主推品種,不可盲目引種。Choose normal bacteria strains, good quality, and timely vaccination. To pay attention to four points when selecting seeds. 1 to the strains of normal manufacturer to buy good reputation and high visib

13、ility. 2 mother kind of batches had better not more than three generations, transfer directly by the elite varieties cultivated by transfer cannot be cultivated to use again. 3 high quality strains should have the following characteristics, hyphae, robust and pure and pollution-free. 4 choose to suit the local main varieties, suitable for cultivation period, not blindly introduction.3促菇抑蟲抑病3 for mushroom insect or disease suppression當(dāng)環(huán)境條件不適合食用菌生長發(fā)育時,會導(dǎo)致其生命力減弱,給病蟲害的繁育創(chuàng)造了機(jī)會。食用菌種類不同,其對環(huán)境條件也有不同的要求,要根據(jù)不同食用菌所適宜的環(huán)境條件對濕度、溫度、光線、水分、酸堿度等進(jìn)行科學(xué)管理,使整個環(huán)境適合食用菌的生長而不利