托?？谡Z(yǔ)講義1

1、 新托福新托?？谡Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試考試 What is SPEAKING? o Speaking is the productive, oral skill.o Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information. o Speaking is often spontaneous, open-ended, and evolving(變化發(fā)展的)，but not completely unpredictable.

2、 總之，一句話，總之，一句話， 口語(yǔ)是要說(shuō)出來(lái)的?？谡Z(yǔ)是要說(shuō)出來(lái)的。 What is TEST?o A test is a series of questions that you must answer or actions that you must perform in order to show how much you know about a subject or how well you are able to do something.總之，一句話，總之，一句話， 考試的時(shí)候，盡量說(shuō)自己熟考試的時(shí)候，盡量說(shuō)自己熟悉的會(huì)說(shuō)的東西悉的會(huì)說(shuō)的東西.What is speaking t

3、est in TOEFL IBT? o2+4 組合組合（開(kāi)放型+控制型）o2: 獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)部分獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)部分 independento4: 綜合口語(yǔ)部分綜合口語(yǔ)部分 integrated1. 獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)部分獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)部分:oTask 1: Personal experience （小學(xué)生作文水平）oTask 2: Personal preference （中學(xué)生作文水平）2. 綜合口語(yǔ)部分綜合口語(yǔ)部分:1) Read listen-speak Task 3 conversation (campus-based) Task 4 lecture (academic)2) Listen speak Task

4、 5 conversation (campus-based) Task 6 lecture (academic) Time limito Task 1 15 45o Task 2 o Task 3 45 30 60o Task 4o Task 5 20 60 o Task 6總之，一句話，總之，一句話，新托福口語(yǔ)不變態(tài)，新托?？谡Z(yǔ)不變態(tài)，聽(tīng)的讀的多了聽(tīng)的讀的多了, 自然就會(huì)說(shuō)了。自然就會(huì)說(shuō)了。 3Y Standards 3y標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)oAccuracyoFluencyoSpontaneityETS 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)oDelivery(表達(dá))- How clear your speech is. Good

5、 responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural sounding-patterns. oLanguage Use (語(yǔ)言使用)- How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas. Raters will be looking to see how well you can control both basic and more c

6、omplex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary. o Topic Development(話題展開(kāi))- How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas. o Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to

7、the next is clear and easy to follow.0-4o Organization （topic dev.）o Comprehensibility （delivery）o Fluency （delivery）o Pronunciation （delivery/L. use ）o Grammar （L. use）o Vocabulary（L. use） 總之，一句話，總之，一句話，想拿想拿25+必須將你的發(fā)音徹底翻新必須將你的發(fā)音徹底翻新Unit 1 新托?？谡Z(yǔ)糾音新托福口語(yǔ)糾音 美音解密美音解密o一三四五一三四五原則原則 一大發(fā)音特色一大發(fā)音特色 三大音變?nèi)笠糇?四

8、大發(fā)音秘訣四大發(fā)音秘訣 五個(gè)輔音音素五個(gè)輔音音素 “一一”大發(fā)音特色大發(fā)音特色oThe car cant be parked in the car park right now.Two dontso不要上來(lái)就卷 o不要遇到/就卷重度卷舌重度卷舌oscarf large sharp owarm sport fourogirl perfect her輕度卷舌輕度卷舌oteacher doctor popularoworry hurry sorryomodern western government yesterday Saturday understand pattern下列下列/ /不卷舌不卷舌

9、oreally idea Gloria Christmas breakfast osociety quietopossible holidayoviolin bottom ofocampus focus ofamous nervousoprecious delicious Money talks. “三三”大音變大音變:o / a: / / / 在在/ f, m, n, s, / 前前 after, example, France, class, batho/ ? / / D / boss, popularo/ i / / / believe, beforeExercises:o aftern

10、oon half laugh staff grapho branch dance advance cant chance answer aunt advantage disadvantageo ask fast last past master tasko bathroom pathSome moreoGod not Harry Potterodoctor box obviousobelong beside eleven below between“四四”大發(fā)音秘訣大發(fā)音秘訣o長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng),雙元音飽滿到位雙元音飽滿到位o短元音急促有力短元音急促有力o連音連音o省音省音1. 長(zhǎng)元音長(zhǎng)元音: /i:/ /

11、:/ /u:/ ?: / /a:/oSeeing is believing.oYou are superb.oIll see you soon.oCan I talk to you for a minute?oPlease calm down.對(duì)比練習(xí)對(duì)比練習(xí)o beach bitcho sheet shito leave live o thirteen thirtyo fool fullo food foot 雙元音雙元音 /ai /oI like China.oHe likes to fly kites in the sky. oMike likes to write by the nic

12、e bright light at night. omindokindostyleosmile/ei/oYou are the same as everybody else. oThe seat is taken. Read theseoplayotodayorainopainofailonail/e/ vs. /ei/oget gate omen mainotell tail omet mateoset sate(使心滿意足) /i/ vs. /ei/olit late obit bait okit(工具箱) Kateostick steak/au/oDo you provide a hor

13、se or a house?oWe found you. oAre you going downtown?Read theseonow ohowoaboutodownotown /aun/ angofound2. 短元音急促有力短元音急促有力o/ /i/ /u/ / ? / / / /e/ / /osunofun /n/ anorun /e/ Vs. / /open panohead hadolend landomen manocelery salaryotemper tamper(干預(yù))oGood cookies could be cooked by a good cook if a goo

14、d cook could cook good cookies.oIt is not because things are difficult that we do not dare but because we do not dare that they are difficult. 3. 連音連音o輔輔+元元 a cup of coffee CNN first of all not at all look at it put it on pick it up take it easy in an hour / r / +元元o after all far away there is for

15、instance for us her own as far as I know I know where it is. 元元+元元o /j/ be on time stay up say it go to the airport /w/ grow up knew it do it flew away UN cooperation January situation and so on 4. 省音省音: 輔輔 + 輔輔o失爆失爆 : 爆破音爆破音+ co疊合疊合 : c+ co擊穿擊穿 : c+ hExamples:obig country good childoblackboard outs

16、ide opicture definitelyobad dog big girlograb Bob good deal osome money some more with them this semester That makes sense.oask her take her teach her burn her give him a big hand“五五”個(gè)特別注意的輔音音素個(gè)特別注意的輔音音素o/v/ never very wello/w/ where overwhelming twenty questiono/r/ row train drinko/ / usually confu

17、siono/l/ little school world練習(xí)練習(xí)1:o Here is an example. o Don (t) forge (t) to have so (me) milk. o Does i (t) tas (te) good?o I will try it out later myself. o I (d) li (ke) to make an appointment for a checkup. o Don (t) ma (ke) ca (t) calls a (t) girls. 練習(xí)練習(xí)2: In my family, my mother has influenc

18、ed me greatly because she has so many good qualities. She is very well educated and keeps an open mind. Her thinking is very modern. She is able to understand people from different generations. In addition, shes a good listener. This makes her tolerant of other peoples opinions. Her personal values

19、set a good example for me to follow in my life. The way she treats people and thinks makes me want to become the best person I can be. This is why I think my mother has influenced me the most in my life. Unit 2 真題解析真題解析o Task 1o 話題范圍話題范圍(OG 提出提出): people, objects, places, events. o 考查目的：考查目的： Descri

20、bing Expressing opinions Explaining Giving examplesTask 2o 話題范圍：話題范圍：education, media, technology, culture, life, work, leisure, success, otherso 考查目的：考查目的： Expressing opinions Explaining Giving examples ContrastingTask 3o 學(xué)校學(xué)校硬件設(shè)施硬件設(shè)施問(wèn)題問(wèn)題 n 硬件設(shè)施停用硬件設(shè)施停用 n 硬件更新硬件更新 n 硬件修復(fù)及改建硬件修復(fù)及改建 n 硬件新建或增加硬件新建或增加

21、n 硬件發(fā)生故障硬件發(fā)生故障 （computer lab ）o 圖書(shū)館場(chǎng)景圖書(shū)館場(chǎng)景o 通常情況不外乎一下幾種：通常情況不外乎一下幾種： n 學(xué)生詢(xún)問(wèn)圖書(shū)館資源使用情況學(xué)生詢(xún)問(wèn)圖書(shū)館資源使用情況n 到圖書(shū)館借閱或請(qǐng)求延期歸還到圖書(shū)館借閱或請(qǐng)求延期歸還n 到圖書(shū)館打印到圖書(shū)館打印paper n 注冊(cè)課程失敗，到圖書(shū)館詢(xún)問(wèn)原因注冊(cè)課程失敗，到圖書(shū)館詢(xún)問(wèn)原因n 去圖書(shū)館自習(xí)去圖書(shū)館自習(xí)n 在圖書(shū)館兼職在圖書(shū)館兼職n 圖書(shū)館重修圖書(shū)館重修n 技術(shù)革新技術(shù)革新o學(xué)校學(xué)校軟件政策軟件政策問(wèn)題問(wèn)題: 課程問(wèn)題課程問(wèn)題 住宿問(wèn)題住宿問(wèn)題 教授的辦公時(shí)間教授的辦公時(shí)間 學(xué)?；ㄙM(fèi)問(wèn)題學(xué)校花費(fèi)問(wèn)題 課外活動(dòng)課外活動(dòng)

22、Task 5o Scheduling conflictso Unavoidable absenceso Unavailable resourceso Student electionso Financial difficultiesScheduling conflictso 具體分為以下幾種情況：具體分為以下幾種情況：n 活動(dòng)活動(dòng)Vs. 活動(dòng)活動(dòng) n 課程課程Vs. 課程課程n 學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)Vs. 活動(dòng)活動(dòng)n 學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)Vs. 打工打工Task 4, 6o 話題范圍話題范圍：心理學(xué)，生物學(xué)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，藝術(shù)，天文學(xué)，生態(tài)學(xué)，廣告學(xué)，考古學(xué)，物理學(xué)，教育學(xué)，文學(xué)，歷史，科技，音樂(lè)，農(nóng)業(yè)，地球生物學(xué) o T

23、3-6考查目的：考查目的： Summarizing SynthesizingUnit 3 Task 1-peopleo綜合人物類(lèi)綜合人物類(lèi)o專(zhuān)門(mén)特質(zhì)類(lèi)專(zhuān)門(mén)特質(zhì)類(lèi) OG P209o Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation. 在真題高頻出現(xiàn)，在真題高頻出現(xiàn)， 只是問(wèn)法稍作改變。只是問(wèn)法稍作改變。o 1. Describe a person that you admire mos

24、t. （ 06. 3. 17， 06. 10. 22考題）考題） o 2. Describe a person that influenced you most. （06. 5. 26考題）考題）o 3. What characteristics do you think a good teacher should have? （06. 3. 3， 07. 11.3考題）考題）o 4. Describe a famous person that you admire. （08.6.22考題）o 5. Describe a person you enjoy talking with, expla

25、in why you enjoy talking with him or her. （08.10.12考題）審題：審題：o 1）要確定關(guān)鍵詞）要確定關(guān)鍵詞不至于跑題不至于跑題。 eg. person (admire) book (important, useful) event (happy, memorable) object (special)- dog 因?yàn)榻酉聛?lái)闡述的理由都要為其服務(wù)。因?yàn)榻酉聛?lái)闡述的理由都要為其服務(wù)。o 2）然后）然后1 內(nèi)想好要描述的人，物，事，地。內(nèi)想好要描述的人，物，事，地。o 3）接著，迅速）接著，迅速brainstorm 理由。列出提綱。理由。列出提綱。o

26、4）要確定時(shí)態(tài)，是現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去還是未來(lái)。）要確定時(shí)態(tài)，是現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去還是未來(lái)。Sample answer:o The teacher I admire in my education was my math teacher. o The most impressive thing about him was the way he taught us. He was always firm, yet also humorous and funny. I still remember the first time he came to our class. He asked what was 2 an

27、d 2 ? Many of the students shouted out 4 4 4 .but he told us the answer was 22. For a few moments, we did not understand, but then we realized his answer was, oddly enough, correct. We laughed a lot. We just laughed together. o Not only did we learn math, but we also learnt how to do things well, an

28、d with attentionskills not only for math but also for life. We also realized that our attitude was very important in achieving things, in being successful.o I think we all admired him and I certainly did. A students responseo The teacher I admire in my education is my English teacher. o The most imp

29、ressive thing about her is her sense of humor. She can make English learning great fun and give everyone in her class a lot of pleasure.o Whats more, she always explains hard things in the easiest way. Sometimes she even plays games to help us remember difficult language points. Not only does she te

30、ach us about English but also she tells us how to do things well, and with attention. Thats even more important for a student. o So thats why I admire her most. IBT結(jié)構(gòu)提綱：結(jié)構(gòu)提綱：oIBT結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)= Intro +Body 【brainstorming】+ Transitional wordsoIntro=觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn)（get to the point）oBody=理由理由（reasons）+細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)（points）+例子例子（ex

31、amples）（可有可無(wú)）（可有可無(wú)）oTransitional words =過(guò)渡詞過(guò)渡詞 Transitional wordso Firsto Firstly o First of all o First and foremosto To begin witho For starterso To startoAnd, Also, Plus, Besides, In addition, Whats more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, More importantly, Apart from that, Other than that

32、, Next to that, On top of thatoFinally, Lastly, Last but not least, Most of all, oAll in all, In general, In one word, In conclusion, To conclude, In summary, To sum up, To summarize, In a nutshell, In short, In closing例例 2o Describe a person you admire. Explain why you admire this person. IBT結(jié)構(gòu)提綱結(jié)構(gòu)

33、提綱1：Intro: Nelson MandelaBody: 1. excellent speaker 2. political prisoner 3. presidentTransitional words: first, second, third結(jié)語(yǔ)：結(jié)語(yǔ)：strong leaderSample 1: (a given answer in the book) o I admire Nelson Mandela for several reasons. o First, he is an excellent speaker, and his ideas inspire many peopl

34、e. o Second, he spent over 20 years in jail as a political prisoner. However, that experience didnt stop his dream. o Third, he became the president of South Africa when he was 70 years old. o I admire Nelson Mandela because he was a strong leader for his country at a time of change. 6句o Former Pres

35、ident of South Africa IBT結(jié)構(gòu)提綱結(jié)構(gòu)提綱2：Intro: Martin Luther King Body: 1. great leader 2. peaceful protests and demonstrations 3. magnificent speakerTransitional words: first, second, third結(jié)語(yǔ)：結(jié)語(yǔ)： heroSample 2-my own versiono I admire Martin Luther King for several reasons.o First, he was a great leader

36、in the civil rights movement. He was very strong to stand up against prejudice even though people threatened both him and his family. o Second, he strongly advocated peaceful protests and demonstrations. He maintained that love and respect would overcome hate and prejudice. o Third, he was also a ma

37、gnificent speaker. His voice was so powerful that it could really move people. o Thats why he has always been a hero of mine. 8句句 Martin Luther King8句模板句模板o a. 1+6+1 （中間段選擇3個(gè)理由，每個(gè)理由2句，構(gòu)成6句。 開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾各1句。）o b. 2+4+2 （中間段選擇2個(gè)理由，每個(gè)理由2句，構(gòu)成4句。 開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾各2句。 理由實(shí)在找不出的時(shí)候，可使用這種組合，開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾各占1句廢話）o c. 1+5+2 （中間段選擇3個(gè)理由，前2個(gè)寫(xiě)正

38、面理由，各2句，后1個(gè)寫(xiě)反面理由1句。 開(kāi)頭1句，結(jié)尾2句。 這個(gè)組合比較適用第二題。）o d. 2+5+1 （中間段選擇3個(gè)理由，前2個(gè)寫(xiě)正面理由，各2句，后1個(gè)寫(xiě)反面理由1句。 開(kāi)頭2句，結(jié)尾1句。 這個(gè)組合也適用第二題。）綜合人物類(lèi)模板綜合人物類(lèi)模板 1o I admire _ for several reasons.o First, _. o Second, _. o Third, _.o So thats why I admire _ the most. 綜合人物類(lèi)模板綜合人物類(lèi)模板2 o When it comes to the person I admire the most,

39、_is the one. o The most impressive thing about him（her） is that _. _.o Whats more, _. _.o In addition, _. _.o Thats why he（she） has always been a hero(heroine) of mine. o When it comes to the person I admire the most, Old Fish is the one. o The most impressive thing about him is that he started a sc

40、hool from nothing and has become the richest teacher in China. As a successful young entrepreneur, he indeed sets a good example for me to follow in my own life. (理由1+細(xì)節(jié))o Whats more, he is not greedy or having love for riches. He donated 8 million yuan to the earthquake-hit areas in Sichuan Provinc

41、e, southwest of China. (理由2+例子)o In addition, he is very nice as a leader, showing compassion and love for his fellow men and affecting them in a positive way. Almost 10,000 people work for him all around China. (理由3+例子)o Thats why he has always been a hero of mine. 例例3o What are important character

42、istics you look for in friends?Characteristics in friendsohonest oloyalotrustworthyointegrate (正直的)/uprightoforthright (坦率的)/straightforward ofriendly okindonot pushy or controllingoa good sense of humorofunny ofun to be aroundofun and lots of laughterosimilar interestsocompassionate oconsiderate/th

43、oughtfulosupportiveounderstanding ocaring opatient osensitiveorespectfulosharingoappreciate one anotheronon judgmental（品頭論足的）ohave morals o be a good listener o be able to keep secretso enhance your life, not drag you down o tell you the truth about you regardless of how it affects the friendshipo n

44、ot criticize (tell stories) you behind your back o tell you your short-comings at your mouth （當(dāng)面）o almost never praise you in front of youo have something in common but not everythingo want to spend as much time as possible with o like being together and sharing good times witho wont leave you if yo

45、u are in troubleo be friends in sunshine and in shadeo stand by you in the hour of any sort of needo always be there when you need them.no matter what time day or nighto care for you even when the times are bad and even more when the times are greato stand up for you and apologize to you after a fig

46、hto wont teach you bad stuffs good friends teach good thingso like you unconditionallyo not expect a lot from the friendship o give you a shoulder to cry on whenever you need oneSps:o I think what makes a good friend is someone whos honest, supportive and understanding. o A person who is and is also

47、is what I think makes a good friend. o They must be/haveo I depend on my friends to beo I have to count on my friends too I think a good friend is someone whoo I just look for someone who is/ can/ V-so Id say they have to be a kind person that專(zhuān)門(mén)特質(zhì)類(lèi)模板專(zhuān)門(mén)特質(zhì)類(lèi)模板1o I think what makes a good friend is some

48、one who is _,_ and _. o To begin with, I just look for someone who is _. He should _.o Also, _. _.o Finally, Id love to spend more time with someone who can _. You know, _. o So _, _ and _ are the characteristics that I look for in_. Sample answer: oI think what makes a good friend is someone who is

49、 honest, supportive, and has a good sense of humor. oTo begin with, I just look for someone whos honest to me no matter what. He should not tell stories behind my back; he should tell me my short-comings at my mouth, but never praises me in front of me. oAlso, it is a well known saying that A FRIEND

50、 IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED. I just think that a good friend should stand by me in sunshine and in shade. oFinally, Id love to spend more time with someone who can make me laugh and is fun to be around. You know, laughter has lots of benefits like reducing stress and increasing health. oSo honesty, being supportive and having a sense of humor are the characteristics that I look for in friends. 例例4 What do you think are the qualities of a good