詞匯課講義122單詞monica

1、12.2單詞講義section47+60+61+62+63 Monica記得錄屏1 復(fù)習(xí)回顧同根詞rid笑：deride, ridiculesanct神：sacrosanct, sanctify, sanction ver真：verify, veraciousviv活：survive, vivacityplic折疊：duplicate, duplicitous luc光：elucidate, lucid, pellucid tain抓住：pertain, retainscribe寫(xiě)：circumscribe, manuscript, nondescript同根詞oner麻煩：onerous,

2、exonerate pud羞恥：repudiate, impudentanthrop人：anthropology, anthropogenic sal跳：salient, assail, unassailableseq跟隨：sequential, obsequious, sequela rupt破：corrupt, rupturecept拿：inception, accept, exceptional, perceptible同義詞坦白的：candid, straightforward, frank自治的：autonomous, independent陳詞濫調(diào)：cliché, tro

3、pe詳盡的：exhaustive, comprehensive多話(huà)的：glib, loquacious, voluble低估：underestimate, underrate消除：quell, kill減輕：mitigate, mollify, assuage, soothe同義詞限制：conne, circumscribe費(fèi)力的：onerous, taxing同意：accession, acquiescence拒絕：abnegation, negation, repudiation不穩(wěn)定：turbulence, instability激起：incite, provoke, evoke譴責(zé)：c

4、astigate, chastise, lambaste, reprehend, reproach幫助：ministration, help前景：promise, prospect同義詞多余的：redundant, superuous, surplus躲避：elude, evade, eschew, shun寶貴的：valuable, invaluable 恰到好處的：timely, opportune 難聞的氣味：efuvia, malodor 惡臭的：malodorous, noisome無(wú)害的：benign, anodyne好聽(tīng)地唱：warble, croon尖叫/嚎叫：shriek,

5、caterwaul同義詞：杰出：prominence, salience的： pecuniary, economic無(wú)私的：seless, altruistic深思熟慮的：deliberate, calculated, considered引人注目的：compelling, attractive社交的：social, gregarious提供：purvey, provide不切實(shí)際的：visionary, idealistic有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的：visionary, provident同義詞：弄濕：douse, drench抓?。篶apture, secure非常渴望做：too eager to, to

6、o quick to, too willing to嘲笑：mockery, derision無(wú)可指責(zé)的：unimpeachable, blameless確信：certitude, assurance正直：integrity, rectitude, probity安撫：propitiate, placate同義詞：增大：augment, aggrandize, amplify堵塞：occlude, obstruct, clog使：stun, shock, startle使高興：elate, exhilarate新的：creative, original, innovative抑制：suppres

7、s, repress, smother, suffocate產(chǎn)生：yield, engender幻覺(jué)的：illusory, chimerical不重要的 ：marginal, peripheral開(kāi)始：foundation, inception同義詞：幼稚的：juvenile, callow, green, immature, inexperienced可以用的：functional, applicable小的：diminutive, minuscule, minute敏感的：responsive, sensitive形近詞（學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)版）apathetic冷漠的antipathyinsolat

8、e使暴曬isolateeconomic的economical節(jié)約的momentous重要的attenuate 減輕momentary短暫的accentuate強(qiáng)調(diào)found基礎(chǔ)founder奠基人；失敗形近詞（炫技版）apathetic, antipathy isolate, insolate economic, economical momentary, momentous accentuate, attenuatefound, founder2 新詞匯Section 471. The science of astronomy was begun by amateurs（業(yè)余者；dilett

9、ante ） and today remains dependent on their contributions, which are incisive（深刻的） by virtue of （由于）beingby the a priori assumptions that often vitiate（損害） the work of professional researchscientists.characterized有特點(diǎn)character性格，characteristic特點(diǎn)A.B.C.unencumbered不受阻礙的=unbridledsupported支持cumb躺cumber阻

10、礙D. contradicted反駁inspired 鼓舞= arouse, evoke, inspire, provokeE.47-2. Without seeming unworldly（超凡脫俗的）, William James appearedwholly removed from the of society, the conventionality（傳統(tǒng);conventional, traditional, orthodox ） of academy.A. ethos氣質(zhì)，精神pathos悲傷idealistic 不切實(shí)際的idealism理想romance浪漫paradoxesB

11、.C.D.E.romantic不切實(shí)際的=utopian, quixoticcommonplaces平凡，俗= common47-3. The (i)to disseminate（；semin） the vast scienticknowledge of our time to nonscientists shows real (ii)the extent of（人類(lèi)） is capable of, like allowing a great work ofachievements humaart to molder in a warehouse.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. f

12、ailure失敗D. pretentious regarding pretentious 炫耀的，浮夸的=amboyantbuoyant 心情愉快的B. plan計(jì)劃E. sympathy toward同情C. willingness樂(lè)意unwilling不情愿的=reluctantF. indifference to冷漠47-4.（講過(guò)） Unlike the elected branches of the United States government,where makingal connection with citizens is (i)and almost(ii)politica

13、l efcacy, the United States Supreme Court continues to maintain that its members should communicate with the public almostexclusively（唯一的=only ） through formal opinionsand even throughceremonial rituals that date back to the nineteenth century.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. frowned upon不贊成frown皺眉，不喜歡D. a req

14、uirement for要求B. rampant猖獗的，不受限制的 反：bridled, checked, constrained, controlledE. a detriment to損害detrimental有害的tri磨損contrite后悔的C. disregarded輕視ignore, overlook, neglectF. an irrelevance to不相關(guān)，不重要47-5. A transformative（的） scientic idea that emerged in theeighteenth century was the realization that slo

15、w, inexorable geologicalprocesses follow the basic laws of physics and chemistry. This seems(i) in hindsight, but its implicationthat geologicalprocesses in the distant past must have (ii)these very samelawswas (iii)geologists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A

16、. an obvious明顯的D. followed跟隨G. evident to明顯的B. a signicant重要的E. preceded在之前H. overlooked by忽視C. a controversial有爭(zhēng)議的F. entailed導(dǎo)致 causeI. revolutionary for革新的transformative47-6. It is possible for human to go 40 or more hours without sleep and still be ableto (i) information acquired at the beginning

17、 of the sleepless period. Thus, when we are considering a role for sleep in human memory consolidation（鞏固；solid結(jié)實(shí)的）, we are referring to a possible role in the (ii)encoding（編碼；） of information and optimizing of recall, not a (iii)decodeof sleep forrecalling events of the prior day.Blank(i)Blank (ii)

18、Blank (iii)A. legitimize合法化=justifyD. longer-term長(zhǎng)期的G. requirement要求；必要條件B. augment增加E. acute敏銳的acid尖酸刻薄的acerbic尖刻的H. surplus多余的C. disgorge嘔吐gorg喉嚨gorge峽谷；狼吞虎咽regurgitate 反芻F. qualitative定性的qualify限定quantify 測(cè)量I.facet方面47-7. Communicating articulately（表達(dá)清晰地；articulate表達(dá)清晰） istypically regarded as an

19、 aggressive, persuasivent, but it can also beprotective: it allows a certain closeness, conveying proximity（親密）while actually maintaining distance.feign表現(xiàn)出=appearA. feigned=Esecretive偷偷dubious可疑的的=FB.C.D.E.F.secretsubtle不直接的=indirectfalsefurtive偷偷的=surreptitious, clandestine, covert47-8. The Chavez

20、Pass archaeological site was initially interpreted as indicative of society, since it was thought to have been at the center of a cluster of smaller, contemporary settlements that it presumably controlled.A. an expansionist擴(kuò)大B. a hierarchical有等級(jí)的=FC. an urban城市的D. a heterogeneous多樣的=EE. a diverse多樣的

21、者archmonarchheterodox異端的orthodox 正統(tǒng)的F. a stratied分層的stratify分等級(jí)stratied rock成層巖47-9. Although the essayists arguments did not her most perceptivereaders, the extreme subtlety of the points she made explains why she was misinterpreted（誤解） by most critics of her day.convince使確信=Dconfound使困惑=EA.B.enter

22、taining吸引人的= absorbing, intriguing, engagingdissuade勸阻C. entertainpersuade說(shuō)服perplex使困惑D.E.F.enlighten啟發(fā)=edify, illuminate47-10. Architects may be more extroverted（外向的） and therefore the moremembers of a bridge design team, but they are not always themost essential（必不可少的）.indispensable必不可少的conscienti

23、ous盡職盡責(zé)的；有良心的reliable可靠的A.B.C.conscience良心sciD. visible顯眼突出的=Fvaluable有價(jià)值的salient顯眼突出的E.F.sal 跳unassailable無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的assailSection 601. Since many African farmers face a soil fertility problem, providing funding for fertilizer seems; closer examination of the data raisessome troubling questions, however.

24、imprudent不明智的區(qū)分：impudent的pensive沉思的A.B. expensive昂貴的expansive健談的unimpeachable無(wú)可指責(zé)的modern現(xiàn)代的worrisome令人煩惱的C.D.E.60-2. Having regarded Marcus relationship to their boss as entirely,Jo was abbergasted（令吃一驚） when Marcus publicly made clearhis objections to some changes the boss was introducing.A. profes

25、sional專(zhuān)業(yè)的greenunprofessional經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足的=inexperienced,sycophantic拍馬屁的sycophant馬屁精B.C. prosaic平凡的=mundaneprose意見(jiàn)不同的sid坐assiduous, sedulous勤奮的D.E.collegial學(xué)院的，社團(tuán)的college學(xué)院60-3. There are far too many (i)in the report, such as incorrect date(albeit on (ii) points), inconsistency between the text and relatedt

26、ables（圖表）, and discrepancies between the citations（references.） and theBlank (i)Blank (ii)A. unsupported generalizations沒(méi)有被支持的概括D. numerous大量的區(qū)分：numinous神秘的B. stylistic infelicities風(fēng)格的不合適felicity合適;幸福E. minor小majorC. little errors小錯(cuò)誤F. perplexing令人困惑的60-4. he physical (i)seen in the remains of soldi

27、ers who fought in the fteenth-century battle of Towton is unsurprising, given the (ii) originsof the men who took the battleeld that day.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. decay=decline, languish languid懶惰的D. disparate不同的區(qū)分disparage貶低B. strength優(yōu)點(diǎn)E. unknown未知的C. diversity多樣F. controversial有爭(zhēng)議的incontrovertible 無(wú)可

28、爭(zhēng)議的60-5. Many popular musicians have (i)new digital technologies that allow them unprecedented control over their music. These musicians usecomputers to (ii) and modify their songs, resulting in（導(dǎo)致） a levelof musical precision often unattainable naturally. Of course, though, as isoften the case with

29、 new technologies, some traditionalists (iii) these.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. incorporated包含corporate共同的D. energize使有活力G. balk at拒絕B. synthesizedE. delineate描寫(xiě)line線(xiàn)H. revel in沉溺于=enjoyC. alleviated減輕lev舉起levity輕浮F. recast改變=rem, alter, modifyI.riate=revenge, avenge talio以牙還牙60-6. Campus-wide d

30、iscussion on academic integrity can be (i)by the fact that faculty and students tend to dene cheating in (ii)ways.Even when they concur on what cheating means, faculty and students often assign different levels of severity to specic violations. These differences can serve as a major (iii)the creatio

31、n of a commonlyaccepted set of standards of integrity that are consistently applied to allBlank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. expeditedD. disparate不同的G. indictment of譴責(zé)B. obscured模糊E. conventional傳統(tǒng)的H. impediment to阻礙C. hampered阻礙hamstring使無(wú)效ham-handed笨手笨腳的F. rigid嚴(yán)格的I.metaphor for比喻metaphoric比喻的60-7. O

32、rigin, distribution, and habitat are included in the book for some but not all of the plants; offering this information for each species would have given readers a clearer appreciation of the differences betweenandintroduced species.endemic本地的=Bepidemic 流行的A.B.C.demdemocracynative本地的=indigenous, abo

33、riginalseasonal季節(jié)的D. rare稀少的rarefy使稀薄= attenuate, diluteunusual不尋常的= unique, particulardominant主要的=cardinal, paramount, majorE.F.minor次要的60-8. Some have argued that naming scientic discoveries after the people who make them can scientic progress, because the nomenclature lacks useful clarity, having

34、 no relationship to the underlying principles thatgovern nature.hamper阻礙A.B.abet鼓勵(lì)bet bitesti刺；釘stingy小氣的C. instigatestigmaobscure模糊的D.E.nullify使無(wú)效annul取消null=0F.impede阻礙60-9. Each of the countrys 26 sates and most of its more than 2,000municipalities have their ownforces, communication andmaking it

35、 difcult to establish a coordinated law-enforcement strategy.A. establishing建立impeding阻礙hampering阻礙launching開(kāi)始B.C.D.E.F.launch, commence, genesis開(kāi)始o(jì)bscuring使模糊preventing60-10. Although there is an incredible diversity of microbes across the body of each individual, the fact that specic body sites te

36、nd to host a few specic bacteria indicates that the bodys microora are not distributed.haphazardly隨意地=Fhaphazard隨意的=random, aimlessA.B.uniformly一致地homogeneous, uniform 同一性的C. effectively有效地=Cheterogeneously不同地D.E.F.functionally有效地randomly隨意地functional可行的=feasiblerandom隨意的Section6161-1. One might exp

37、ect someone of suchviews to have a comparablydour（嚴(yán)肅）ality, but people who have worked with her talk abouthow she uses her considerable charm to convince people that she is right.區(qū)分： forebear祖先A. forbearingB. convoluted復(fù)雜的C. felicitous恰當(dāng)?shù)男腋５腄. astringent嚴(yán)厲的E. hyperbolic夸張的夸張：hyperbolize, overstate,

38、exaggerate61-2. Some species camouage（；擬態(tài)） patterns may be,granting those species a higher chance of survival in a heterogeneousenvironment.A. plastic可塑的B. subtle微妙，不直接的=indirectC. singular單一的D. consistent一致的E. imitable可模仿的61-3. In the discussions on international patent law, many (i) issues will pr

39、obably be pushed far into the future. This cautious approach makes diplomatic sense, since attempts over the past 15years to reach international agreements on patents have (ii)justsBuclahnske(ni)sitive issuesBlank (ii)A. contentious 有爭(zhēng)議的D. approached接近B. stimulating激勵(lì)的E. articulated清晰地說(shuō)C. subjective

40、的objective客觀的be subject to受制于F. foundered on失敗61-4. The report is admittedly (i): it is intended to suggest new linesof research rather than to deal with the subject in a (ii)manner.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. sketchy簡(jiǎn)略的D. cavalier冷漠的caviar魚(yú)子醬chivalry騎士精神B. exculpatory 免罪的exculpate使脫罪E. deceptive的C. ippan

41、t輕浮的F. thorough詳盡的=complete, exhaustive61-5. Cynics will dismiss the race between Richard and Gorman as two equally dull candidates. However, the notion that the two leaders are(i)does not meet them, for they are as different as can be. Richard is (ii)and is fastidious of her appearance. So one coul

42、d hardly accuseher of being either taciturn or (iii).Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. interchangeable相同的=fungibleD. condescending高高在上的=patronizingG. unkempt不講究的kempt整潔的B. uncritical 不的E. loquacious話(huà)多的H. reticent沉默的=, taciturn C. competent 有能力的competency勝任力F. blunt直白的I. adherent依附著的61-6. People love t

43、o talk about their commutes to and from work: those with an easycommute tend to (i), while those who hate their commute think and speak of it as a core afiction（折磨）, like a chronic illness. Once you raise the subject, the testimonies pour out, and, if your ears are tuned to it, you begin overhearing

44、commutk everywhere. People who are normally (ii)may, whendescribing their commutes, be unexpectedly(iii) divulging the intimate detailsof their lives.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. grumble 抱怨D. inattentive不注意的G. candid in坦誠(chéng)的B. commiserate同情E. garrulous話(huà)多的H. economical in節(jié)約的C. gloat 幸災(zāi)樂(lè)禍gloat overF.

45、 circumspect謹(jǐn)慎的I. ustered about慌亂的61-7. Every illness is a story, and when Annies began it wascharacterized by the kinds ofdetails that mean nothing until seen in hindsight.A. salient顯眼的=CB. unexceptional平凡的=FC. conspicuous顯眼的D. suggestive暗示的E. abundant大量的F. nondescript平凡的61-8. Peoples decisions abo

46、ut childbearing depend on innumerable（大量的；numerable可以計(jì)算的）al consideration and socifactors,yet even knowing this, demographers are often : their projections（預(yù)測(cè)） of birth rates frequently turn out to be embarrassingly at odds with reality.A. sanguine樂(lè)觀的=EB. ummoxed困惑的=FC. inconsistent不一致的D. overconden

47、t過(guò)分自信的E. heartened鼓勵(lì)的F. confounded困惑的61-9. The brain has become, for many people,the biological machinations of the self, and the self-knowledge promised by neuroscience has ignited a hunger to understand how new ndings weigh in on age-oldquestions.A. tantamount to等同于=BB. synonymous with等同于C. implic

48、ated in有關(guān)聯(lián)D. divorced fromE. detached from=Eattach附屬serv服務(wù)tach連接serve服務(wù)F. subservient to屈從的servant傭人61-10. Although scientic progress leads to constant revision of ideas, oneobservation that has remainedover the years is that there are a lot of insects in the world: some 950,000 species have been id

49、entied.A. robust不變的=CB. signicant重要的C. strong不變的D. perplexing困惑的=EE. confounding困惑的F. obscure難以理解的Section 6262-1 The often-cited parallels between human communities and insect colonies are: the cooperation found among social insects is essentially due to the insects genetic ties, while humans often

50、collaboratewith non-relatives.A. supercial膚淺的 （沒(méi)有）B. obvious明顯的C. hackneyed陳腐的=cliché的=ambivalentD. contradictoryE. uncanny奇怪的=strange62-2 In the nineteenth century, geology became so respected among middle-class Britons that the science came to be seen asa yardstick by which other disciplines

51、measured their scientic rigor and imaginativepower.A. accessible易懂的B. derivative舊的derive from來(lái)源于C. pragmatic務(wù)實(shí)的反：idealisticD. empirical基于實(shí)驗(yàn)的E. paradigmatic典范的paradigm典范=m62-3 Throughout much of the twentieth century, common scientic sense seemed to dictate that animals could not make a choice based

52、on rational or aesthetic criteria. Such choices were (i)the mental capacity of humans. Scientists who (ii)this animal-human cognitive divisionwere often accused of anthropomorphism.Blank(i)Blank(ii)A.for有D. accepted接受B. inconsistent with不一致的E. transgressed違背gress走C. similar to相似F. exacerbatedexasper

53、ate激怒62-4 For many adults, the adolescent years occupy (i) place in the memory, which to some degree is even quantiable: give a grown adult a series of random prompts and cues, odds are he or she will recall (ii) number of memories from adolescence.Blank(i)Blank(ii)A. a peripheral不重要的peri周?chē)鷓eripatet

54、ic漫游的D. a disproportionate不成比例的proportion比例 B. a privileged大的，有的E. a modest少C. an arbitrary隨意的，武斷的F. an uncertain不確定的62-5 Company historians tend to focus on either the company itself or company leaders, the latter being (i) by writers who think (ii) isimportant, the former favored by writers who think co