新人教版八年級英語下冊知識點歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上新人教版八年級英語下冊知識點歸納 Unit 1 Whats the matter?重點短語:have a stomachache have a cold lie downtake ones temperature have a fever go to a doctorto ones surprise agree to (do sth.) get into troublebe used to take risks run out (of)cut off get out of be in control ofkeep on ( doing sth.） give up 語言

2、知識歸納：1. Whats the matter (with you)? 此句用來詢問別人的病情。類似的句子還有： Whats wrong with you?/ Whats the trouble? matter作動詞用，意為“要緊”“有關系”，主要用于疑問句和否定句。 What does it matter? It doesnt matter.【例題】Does it _ if we cant finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /a

3、n+ 名詞”. have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough【例題】( )-Does he often have _ cold? -Yes. He also _a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下單詞詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說謊liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying 4.Thats pro

4、bably why. 那可能就是原因。 probably意為“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v. 使受傷；傷害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔傷的時候傷了腿。 My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他沒有請我參加聚會使我很傷心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公交車司機，24歲的王平 24-year-old 是用連字符連接數(shù)字和名詞所構成的一個形容詞結構，意思是“24歲的”。 （名詞必須用單

5、數(shù)，常用在名詞前做定語） 【例題】A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7. expect vt. 期待；預期；期盼 expect的常見用法:expect+名詞/代詞Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughtersvisit.expect to do sth.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.expect sb. to do sth.Doyouexpe

6、cthimtoteachyouEnglish?expect +從句Iexpectthatyouwillgettheresoon.【辨析】expect與look forward to 兩者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth. Im looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃驚的是 to ones surprise 表示“令人驚奇的是”，相當于“主語+be+surprised” To his surprise, he found the girl was bind. = He was surp

7、rised to find the girl was blind. 令他驚奇的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個女孩是個盲人。 【拓展】in surprise表示“驚奇的”，相當于副詞性短語，用來修飾動詞。 The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那兩個女孩驚奇地互相看著。 be surprised at表示“對感到驚訝”。 We are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個消息，我們很詫異。 surprising 表示“使人驚奇的”，作表語時，主語是事物。9. They dont want any trouble. 他們不想惹麻

8、煩。 trouble用作名詞，意為“煩惱，困難，麻煩，疾病等”。 His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充滿了煩惱。 Whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble用作動詞，意為“麻煩，打擾”。 Im sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打擾你。 【拓展】與trouble相關的短語in trouble處于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難【例題】-How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_learning Eng

9、lish grammar. A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble10. 辨析 used to do sth. 與 be used to sth. / doing sth. 過去常常 習慣于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing hard work.11. 辨析 run out 與run out of人+ run

10、out of They have run out of the water.物+ run out (不可用于被動語態(tài)） The money is running out. 【例題】選出能代替句中畫線部分的一項 ( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now. A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision 作出決定decision為decide的名詞形式make a

11、decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.13. be in control of 管理；控制 A teacher should be in control of his class.重點語法：情態(tài)動詞should的用法 （1）should后接動詞原形，變否定句在should后加not, 變一般疑問句時將should提前。 （2）should常用于以下兩種情況： 提出建議 You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 表推測，意為“該，按理應當”。 Wait a minute. I think he shou

12、ld come in a minute. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.重點短語:clean up by oneself cheer upput off give out put onused to give away take afterset up make a difference care forcome up with 語言知識歸納：1. give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放【拓展】give構成的短語還有：give away 贈給，贈送 give in 屈服，投降give up 放棄 give off 發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱等）e up w

13、ith 提出，想出 (1)表示“想出或提出”，相當于think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2)come up with還可表示 “趕上”,相當于catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 【例題】( ) We must _a plan to improve your math. A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up3. Iv run out of it. 我已經(jīng)把它用完了。 run out

14、of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主語一般是人。 【拓展】run out of 還可表示“從跑出來”。 Bill ran out of the room. Bill從房間里跑出來。 run構成的短語還有 run away 逃走 run after追趕 run into difficulties遇到困難 【例題】( ) When your money_, please come to me for some. A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out4. I take after my mother.我長得像我媽媽。

15、【辨析】take after 與look like take after意為“長得像，行為、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的長輩。 The boy takes after his father. 這個男孩長得像他爸爸。 look like 可以用于所有場合，既可指人也可指物，僅指外表看上去像。 The man looks like our teacher. 這個男的看起來像我們的老師。 The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座橋。 【拓展】take 構成的短語 take up take off take place take ones time take c

16、are 【例題】( ) -Youve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother. A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for5. set up 創(chuàng)辦，建立 set up 為副詞短語，與start, establish同義 Theyve set up a company. 他們創(chuàng)辦了一家公司。 與set 相關的短語還有： set out 動身，開始（做某事） set off 出發(fā)，引起，激發(fā)6. You helped to make it possible for me

17、 to have lucky. 對我來說，有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有Lucky. it是形式賓語 You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你讓我有可能趕上其他人。 【例題】( ) He found _hard to go to sleep with the light on. A. it B. that C. he D. him 7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky對我的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。 make a big difference 意為“對產(chǎn)生很大的影響”，di

18、fference在此為“影響”的意思。 【例題】( ) The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines. A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to 8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以為，認為 imagine （v.想象） imagination（n.想象） imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）9.help. out 幫克服困難，幫分擔工作 The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老師經(jīng)常幫

19、他的學生解決問題。10.be excited about. 對興奮Im excited about the game of Li Na. 我對李娜的比賽感到興奮。exciting 修飾物重點語法：動詞短語 動詞短語主要有以下四種構成形式： (1) 動詞+介詞 這類動詞短語主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。 這類動詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。 Im looking for my pen. Dont laugh at the poor man. (2)動詞+副

20、詞 這類動詞短語有：find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out等。 這類動詞后面的賓語是名詞時，名詞可放在副詞前面或后面；賓語是代詞時，代詞只能放在 副詞前面。 Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. (3) 動詞+名詞+介詞 這類動詞短語有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of

21、, look forward to等。 在這類動詞短語中，賓語都放在介詞之后。 You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. (4) 動詞+形容詞+介詞 這類動詞短語有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等?！纠}】(1) ( ) When you dont know a word, you can _in the dictionary. A. look it up B. set it up

22、C. give it up D. pick it up (2) ( ) We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous _its sea food. A. of B. to C. for D.as Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?重點短語: take out the rubbish make the bed all the time borrow some money help with housework hang out with. a waste of time in order

23、 to as.as. take care of in surprise do the dishes as a result 語言知識歸納：1. work on 從事于；著手干 The writer is working on a new book. 那位作家正在寫一本新書。 She is going to work on her physics project. 她打算從事她的物理項目。 【例題】( ) The scientists are_inventing some methods of producing electricity. A. working on B. working out

24、 C. working at D. working for2. at least 至少 at least 修飾時間、距離、長度等，以加強語氣。 翻譯短語位at most,意為“至多，最多”。 He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；總是 Things are changing all the time.事情一直在變化。 【拓展】time相關的短語 on time準時 at the same time同時 in time及時 From time to

25、 time偶爾 the first time第一次 【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。 ( ) I always go shopping on Friday. A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way5. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累。 as.as意為“和一樣”,表示同級比較。as.as中間要用形容詞或副詞原級。 This story is as interesting as that one. 這個故事和那個一樣有趣。 否定式為not as/so.as,意為“不如”。 T

26、he garden is not so beautiful as you thought. 【例題】( ) He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France. A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一個星期，她不做家務，我也不做家務。 so,neither 倒裝句型 So + 助動詞/ be動詞/

27、 情態(tài)動詞+ 主語Neither + 助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞+ 主語這兩種結構常用來說明前面所說的情況，后面某人（物）也是這樣。助動詞/ be動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復形式由后句的主語決定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann.Lily isnt a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例題】( ) -I never drink coffee. -_. A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do

28、I7. 辨析borrow與lend borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物 lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人 【注】borrow,lend都是非延續(xù)性動詞，如果要表示“借多長時間”要用keep。 【例題】( ) Although you like the book, you may only _it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay 8. spend v. 花費（金錢；時間） spend + 錢/時間 + on sth. 在上花費時間或金錢 spend + 時間

29、 +( in) doing sth. 花時間做某事 【例題】( ) Yang Feng _ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peoples home. A. costs B. takes C. pays D. spends 8. provide v. 提供；給予 provide sth. The restaurant provide the best service. provide sb. with sth. The parents provide the children with food and vi

30、de sth. for sb. The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.【例題】( ) To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers. A. take B. show C. provide D. carry 10. depend on 依靠；依賴；相信 depend on為固定短語，不能用進行時態(tài)，也不可用被動語態(tài) As we know, good results depend on hard work. You ca

31、nt depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子越早學會獨立，對他們的 將來就越好。 the + 比較級.，the + 比較級. “越就越” The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 【例題】( ) -There was thick haze(霧霾) in our city this spring. What do yo

32、u think of it？ -I think _cars we drive, _pollution our city will have. A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less 11. in order to 的用法 (1) in order to意為“為了”，強調(diào)目的，后接動詞原形。 In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in o

33、rder to pass the exam. In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.(2) 含in order to的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛蓅o that或in order that 引導的狀語從句。 She ran quickly in order to catch the bus. She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12. as a result的用法as a

34、result用于引出結果，常用于兩個句子之間，其中一個是另一個的結果，且前后用標點符號將兩個句子隔開，意為“結果是”。He didnt listen carefully. As a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因為”， 相當于because of。 Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain. 【例題】( ) The boy studied hard

35、. _, he passed the exam. A. Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?重點短語: look through work out get on with cut out compare.with in ones opinion a big deal so that get into a fight communicate with not.until. call sb. up instead of 語言知識歸納：1. Why dont y

36、ou talk to your parents? Why dont you do sth.= Why not do sth. “為什么不?”【拓展】提出建議的句型 What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣？ Shall we do sth.? 我們做某事好嗎？ Youd better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。 Why dont you do sth. 為什么不做某事呢？ Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事嗎？2. allow v. 允許，許可 allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事“My par

37、ents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth. “允許做某事”She doesnt allow smoking in her house. allow+名詞We cant allow such a thing. 【例題】( ) Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m. A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up3. work out 產(chǎn)生效果，進展 Things worked out quite well for us

38、. 對我們來說，事情進展很好。 He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了這道數(shù)學題。 Can you work out the problem alone? 你一個人能把問題搞清楚嗎？4. communicate v. 交流信息；溝通 I cant communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我無法同他們進行交流。 communication n.交流 People cant get on well with each other without communication. 沒有交流，人們就無法相處得好。 【例題】選出能代替

39、句中劃線部分的一項。 ( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail. A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate5. argue vi. 爭論；爭吵 argue with sb. 與某人爭論 Dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母爭論。 argue的名詞形式是 “argument”, have an argument with sb. 與某人辯論。 Alice hand an argument with her best friend. 【例題

40、】( )I never argue _my parents. A.in B.to C.for D.with6. instead adv. 代替，頂替 If you are busy, you may come another day instead.【辨析】instead 與instead of instead副詞舍前取后，可單獨使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介詞短語舍后取前，后面常跟名詞，代詞及動詞ing。He didnt answer. He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.【例題】( ) What

41、 a nice day! We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out7. offer v. 提供；提出；建議 offer 做“提供”講時，可接雙賓語。 offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物 The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea. offer還有“提出，建議

42、”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主動提出做某事。 The old man offered to lend the boy some money. 【例題】( ) The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought 8. And they are always comparing them with other children. compare 作動詞，意為“比較， 和相比”。 compare.with. 把同相比較 Parents shouldnt a

43、lways compare their children with others. 父母們不該總是把自己的孩子同別人相比較。 compare.to. 把比作 People often compare the life to a stage. 人們常把生活比作一個舞臺。 【例題】( ) My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers. A. to B. with C. on D.for 11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. return 意為“歸還”，其后可接雙賓語 retur

44、n sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. Dont forget to return me the keys. return 還有“返回”的意思，相當于go back, 后接地點時需要介詞to。 He returned to Shanghai a week ago. 【例題】那本書你還給圖書館了嗎？ Did you _the book_the library? ( ) I dont know when we will _Hong Kong. A. return back B. return to C. return back to D.return Unit 5 What

45、 were you doing when the rainstorm came?重點短語: go off pick up fall asleep die down make ones way in silence take down at first wait for in a mess the rest of have meaning to basketball competition as well make sure語言知識歸納：1. while 當?shù)臅r候 作連詞引導時間狀語從句，在while引導的從句中，其謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性動詞，強調(diào)主從句中的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生。 While I w

46、as watching TV, someone knocked at the door. when意為“當時”，動作有一前一后的意思。 When I passed that room I heard someone singing. while 作連詞時也可理解為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系。 I like apples while my sister doesnt.【例題】( ) Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast. A.until B.while C.because D.though ( )Mary was talking o

47、n the phone _someone knocked at the door. A.while B.before C.when D.after2. make sure 查明；確信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 從句【例題】( ) Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before you hand it in. A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus. get意為“到達”時，是不及物動詞，后面跟地點名詞時，要加介詞to。 How can I get to the nearest supermarket ? 表示“到達”的三種形