英語學(xué)習(xí)03335

1、 冠詞與數(shù)詞1. Here is an example. = An example follows. 下面我們舉一個例子。2. A watt is the unit of electrical power. 瓦特是電功率的單位。3. The voltage between the base and the emitter is small. 基極與發(fā)射極之間的電壓很小。4. is a parameter. 是（一個）參數(shù)。5. X is a variable. X 是（一個）變量。6. All the aircraft here were imported from abroad. 這里的飛機(jī)

2、都是從國外進(jìn)口的。7. Both the instruments are good in quality. 這兩臺儀器的質(zhì)量都很好。8. This average velocity is just half the final velocity. 這個平均速度正好是末速度的一半。9. In electrical engineering, such a large unit is seldom used. 在電氣工程中，很少使用這么大的單位。10. What an ambitious plan (it is) ! 這是一項多么宏偉的計劃！11. This is so sensitive a de

3、vice that it can measure the slight change in pressure.這臺儀器如此靈敏，它能測出壓力的微弱變化。12. Aluminum is not as good a conductor as copper. 鋁的導(dǎo)電率不如銅高。13. This is too complicated a problem for us to go into. 這個問題太復(fù)雜了，我們（在此）不加討論。14. a few tenths of a percent 千分之幾15. By varying VBE only a few hundredths of a volt,

4、the base current (基極電流) can be changed significantly (明顯地). 只要使VBE變化百分之幾（零點零幾）伏，就可使基極電流產(chǎn)生明顯的變化。16. This is only a few thousandths of the heat of vaporization (汽化熱). 這僅是汽化熱的千分之幾。17. 3 parts in 106（ten to the sixth power） 百萬分之三 18. one (a ) part in 104 （ten to the fourth power）萬分之一19. 5 parts per (in

5、one) billion 十億分之五20. Their difference is 10 parts in a million / per million / in 106. 它們之差為百萬分之十。 21. This star is about one-quarter the size of the earth. 這個星體的體積約為地球的1/4。22. The length of this helical antenna (螺旋天線) is five times its diameter.這個螺旋天線的長度是其直徑的5倍。23. The resistivity of aluminum is 1

6、.6 times that of copper. 鋁的電阻率為銅的1.6倍。24. The wire (導(dǎo)線) is five times longer than that one. 這根導(dǎo)線比那根長4倍。25. The wire is five meters longer than that one. 這根導(dǎo)線比那根長5米。26. In this case both the pulse spacing (脈沖間隔) and the group length (脈沖組長度) are increased by eight times. 在這種情況下，脈沖間隔和脈沖組長度均增加到8倍。27. Fr

7、om 1970 to 1974 the production of transistor radios was increased 6 times.從1970年到1974年晶體管收音機(jī)的生產(chǎn)增加了5倍。28. Req (等效電阻) should be larger than the transistor input impedance (輸入阻抗) by a factor of 5 to 10.等效電阻應(yīng)為晶體管輸入阻抗的5-10倍。 連詞與代詞1. Small switches control lamps and radios.小型開關(guān)用來控制電燈和收音機(jī)。2. A change of cr

8、op and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land in good condition. 更換作物以及使用優(yōu)質(zhì)肥料，能使土地保持良好的狀態(tài)。 3. This computer is large and complicated. 這臺計算機(jī)大而復(fù)雜。4. We take a long piece of power wire, and we need a straight piece of iron.我們?nèi)∫桓L的電線，并且需要一塊條形鐵。5. A sodium wire (鈉絲) will burn in chlorine （氯氣） an

9、d produce salt.鈉絲會在氯氣中燃燒（從而）產(chǎn)生鹽。 6. And something unusual happened. 于是出現(xiàn)了異常現(xiàn)象。7. Before we do this, we should pause and consider. 在做此之前，我們應(yīng)停下來考慮一下。 8. Accuracy is expressed as absolute error or relative error. 精度可以表示為絕對誤差或者相對誤差。9.Variations (變化) in sound cause variations in the strength, or amplitud

10、e (振幅), of the radio carrier waves.聲音的變化引起無線電載波的強(qiáng)度，即振幅的變化。10. The unit of impedance (阻抗) is evidently one volt per ampere or one ohm.顯然阻抗的單位是每安培1伏特，即1歐姆。11.It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts and operations (運算方法) presented here, or the development (論述) and the

11、applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend.讀者學(xué)習(xí)和理解這里講解的基本概念和運算方法是非常重要的，要不然后面題目的論述和應(yīng)用將難以理解。 12. Because of its simplicity (equal to “Because it is simple”), the circuit is widely used in power supplies. 由于該電路很簡單，所以廣泛用于各種電源之中。13. Wherever these high-energy particles come from, their

12、collisions (v. collide) with the atoms of our upper atmosphere give rise to the formation of showers of new particles.無論這些高能粒子來自何方，它們與我們大氣層上層原子的碰撞形成新的粒子雨。14. Aikens machine (艾肯機(jī)) was limited in speed by its use (from use) of relays (繼電器) rather than electronic devices. 艾肯機(jī)的速度受到了限制，因為它使用的是繼電器而不是電子器件。

13、15.These equations are called differential equations (微分方程), and their study (study them) forms one of the most challenging branches of mathematics.這些方程稱為微分方程，對于它們的研究形成了數(shù)學(xué)中最有挑戰(zhàn)性的分支之一。16. Many scientists have been working at the theory of magnetism since its discovery (discover it). 自從發(fā)現(xiàn)了磁以來，許多科學(xué)家一直在

14、研究磁的理論。 名詞與動詞1. In a few years we will have a computer the size of a watch. 幾年后我們就會有手表那么大小的計算機(jī)了。2. Vector A has a magnitude n times that of B. 矢量A的大小為矢量B的n倍。3. Wires one hundredth the diameter of a silk thread are used to connect the components in the chip（芯片）.人們使用一根絲線的百分之一那么粗細(xì)的導(dǎo)線來連接芯片內(nèi)的各個元件。4. All

15、these tools have been heat treated. 所有這些工具都已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了熱處理。5. This signal is cable connected to the receiver.這個信號通過電纜傳送到接收機(jī)。6. The garbage door opener（開關(guān)） is radio controlled. 該垃圾門的開關(guān)由無線電控制。7. A pyroelectric detector (熱電型探測器) is temperature sensitive. 熱電型探測器對溫度敏感。8. It may happen also that the cells of the

16、 blood donor are dissolved or go into solution, a most dangerous condition. 也可能會發(fā)生這樣的情況：供血者的細(xì)胞被分解，即溶解，這是極其危險的一種情況。9. All forces fall into one or the other of these two classes, a fact that will be found useful later.所有的力均屬于這兩類中的某一類，在以后會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點很有用。10. In this case, VCE=0.12V, a value close to our assum

17、ption of 0.1V.在這種情況下，VCE=0.12V，這一數(shù)值比較接近我們的假設(shè)值0.1V。11. Once a rural nation, the United States has become increasingly urban since the beginning of this century. 美國曾是一個農(nóng)業(yè)國，它自本世紀(jì)初以來已逐漸城市化了。12. One of the foremost pioneers in the development of military electronics, Westinghouse has produced over 35,000

18、 radars for air, sea, ground and space applications.西屋公司是研制軍事電子設(shè)備最重要的先驅(qū)者之一，它為陸、海、空和太空應(yīng)用制造了35000多臺雷達(dá)。13. the dependence of Y on X Y對X的依存關(guān)系 14. the motions of the planets around/round the sun 行星繞太陽的運行情況 15. the variation of the conductivity (導(dǎo)電率) of a metal with temperature 金屬的導(dǎo)電率隨溫度的變化情況16. the defin

19、ition of electric current as a flow of charges 把電流定義為電荷的流動 17. The total amount of charge (電荷) remains constant. 電荷的總量保持不變。18. The input voltage goes negative and the energy stays constant.輸入電壓變?yōu)樨?fù)，而能量保持不變。19. In such a case, the log (圓木) will not lie motionless, instead, it will begin to rotate. 在這種

20、情況下，該圓木不會保持靜止不動，相反，它要開始滾動了。20. In everyday life, forces seem to be transmitted by “direct contact”.在日常生活中，力似乎是靠“直接接觸”來傳遞。21. Radio proves to be a wonderful means of communication. 無線電證明是極好的通信手段。22. There seem to be two kinds of electric charges. 電荷似乎有兩種。 副詞與形容詞1. User data are usually associated wit

21、h an application (應(yīng)用) such as accounts（賬目） receivable. 用戶數(shù)據(jù)通常與某一應(yīng)用有關(guān)，例如所能接收到的賬目。2. No (None of the) text books available have mentioned this. 現(xiàn)有的教科書都沒有提到這一點。3. Its highest speed possible is 140 kilometers per hour. 其可能的最高速度為每小時140公里。4. Nothing new is presented in this course book. 這本教科書中沒有介紹新內(nèi)容。5. L

22、et us consider a case a bit more complex. 讓我們來考慮更為復(fù)雜一點的情況。6. This text is a help to digital designers both new and old. 本教科書對新老數(shù)字設(shè)計人員都有幫助。7. The moving point B describes a line, straight or curved, in the plane (平面).動點B在平面內(nèi)描繪了一條線，這條線可能是直線或是曲線。8. In this case the signal waveform can be transmitted un

23、distorted.在這種情況下，該信號波形能不失真地進(jìn)行傳輸。9. Even if a student can follow every line of every example in this book, that doesnt mean that he or she can solve problems unaided. 即使學(xué)生能夠看懂本書中每個例題中的每句話，這并不表明他/她就能獨立地解題。10. The property makes substances different from each other. 這一性質(zhì)使物質(zhì)各不相同。 11. Light, durable, sim

24、ple and inexpensive, this device is warmly received by users. 由于這種設(shè)備重量輕、經(jīng)久耐用、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、價格低廉，所以很受用戶歡迎。 12. Free from the attack of moisture, a piece of iron (鐵塊)will not rust fast. 如果鐵塊不受潮，就不易生銹。13. The change in elevation (高度) is very small relative to the diameter of the earth.高度的變化相對于地球直徑來說是很小的。14. An

25、emf (電動勢) is not induced in case a conductor is moved parallel to the lines of force (磁力線)。 若使導(dǎo)體平行于磁力線運動，則不會感應(yīng)到電動勢。15. I5 is zero, independent of the applied voltage(外加電壓). I5為零，它與外加電壓無關(guān)。16. The brain must keep in touch with the world around. 大腦必須與外界保持接觸。17. We start at the point (X0,Y0) and go to a

26、 point (X1, Y1) nearby.我們從點(X0,Y0) 開始移動到附近的一點 (X1, Y1)。18. The task ahead will be arduous. 面臨的任務(wù)將是艱巨的。19. The scientists 50 years ago could not do this. 50年前的科學(xué)家不可能做到這一點。20. Two people five meters apart are unable to hear each other due to the noise made by machines. 兩個相距5米的人由于機(jī)器發(fā)出的噪音而不能互相聽清對方講話。 介詞

27、1. There are many components in this device. 在這臺設(shè)備中有許多元件。2. We shall use real numbers throughout this text, with one important exception.除了一個重要的例外之外，在這整本教科書中我們將使用實數(shù)。3. These are batteries for mobile phones. 這些是手機(jī)電池。 4. This vector（矢量） represents the velocity of the ball at point A.這個矢量表示該球在A點的速度。(介短

28、作定語)5. We place the ball at point A. 我們把該球放在A點。(介短作狀語)6. The MKS system(千克米秒制） is also in common use. 千克米秒制也是常用的。7. One of the most valuable ways of representing functions is by graphical representation（曲線表示法）. 表示函數(shù)的最有價值的方法之一是利用曲線表示法。8. Energy is defined as the ability to do work。 能量被定義為做功的能力。9. Tha

29、t equation is not true/ does not hold / is not valid except in this special case. 除了在這種特殊情況下外,那個等式是不成立的。10. It is possible to use the energy from within the earth. 我們能夠利用來自地球內(nèi)部的能量。11. The moon is between the sun and the earth. 月球現(xiàn)在位于太陽和地球之間。12. Laboratory work is considered of great importance to th

30、e students of engineering. 實驗工作對于工科學(xué)生非常重要。13. If you let your pencil drop to the floor, you can see gravity in action（起作用）. 如果你讓鉛筆掉向地面，你就會看到重力在起作用。14. The product is usually coated with tin or silver. 通常這種產(chǎn)品的表面鍍以錫或銀。15. A hammer is a tool for knocking nails into wood. 榔頭是用來把釘子敲入木頭的工具。16. A body in e

31、quilibrium (平衡狀態(tài)) must be either at rest or in motion with constant velocity. 處于平衡狀態(tài)的物體必定處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，或者處于勻速運動狀態(tài)。17. The relationship between x and y is known as the solution to the equation. X與Y之間的這種關(guān)系稱為該方程的解。18. The transmission of electric power over a long distance will cause some loss of energy. 長距離傳

32、輸電力會損失掉一部分能量。19. On rearranging（整理） the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations(方程組）. 整理以上等式，我們可以得到下列方程組。 動詞不定式1. It is now possible to convert sunlight directly into electricity. 現(xiàn)在能夠把太陽光直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡姟?. In practice it is common to be required to find out the functions of a given angle.在

33、實踐中，通常要（我們）求出已知角的函數(shù)值。3. In this case, it becomes increasingly difficult to grasp their actual sizes.在這種情況下，越來越難以掌握它們的實際尺寸。4. It seems possible to find out the current I3. （我們）似乎能夠求出電流I3。5. It takes sunlight about 8 minutes to reach the earth. 陽光到達(dá)地球需要大約8分鐘的時間。6. It requires a strong magnetic field t

34、o magnetize these substances. 磁化這些物質(zhì)需要一個強(qiáng)磁場。7. It remains now to measure the two parameters. 現(xiàn)在有待于測量這兩個參數(shù)。8. It suffices (=It is sufficient) to give one example here. 這里舉一個例子就夠了。9. It is desired to solve the equation for the unknown. 要求解這個方程求未知數(shù)。10. It is left as a problem to prove the equation hold

35、s/is true. 證明該等式成立就留作為一個習(xí)題。11. We find it difficult to solve the problem. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)難以解決這個問題。12. These problems deserve to be further studied. (=It is worth studying these problems further.) 這些問題值得進(jìn)一步研究。13. The function of this force is to move the body through a distance.這個力的作用就是使該物體運動一段距離。14. Energy is

36、the ability to do work. 能量是做功的能力。15. The television camera scans the subject to be transmitted. 電視攝像機(jī)對要發(fā)送的對象進(jìn)行掃描。16. This is a special-purpose computer to solve only one kind of problem. 這是一臺只能解一類題的專用計算機(jī)。17. “Weight” is a difficult concept to define. 重量是一個難以定義的概念。18. There are many types of instrume

37、nts to choose from. 有許多種類型的儀器可供選用。19. There are several ways to take an average. 取平均值的方法有幾種。20. This body has no tendency to move or rotate in any direction.該物體沒有朝任何方向運動或轉(zhuǎn)動的趨勢。21. The purpose to write this book is to give the reader a brief introduction to electronic computers. 撰寫本書的目的在于向讀者簡要介紹電子計算機(jī)

38、。22. To be efficient most of the power must do useful work in the load.為了提高效率，大部分功率必須在負(fù)載上做有用功。23. In some applications, the closed-circuit television program is recorded on magnetic tapes to be played back at a later time. 在某些應(yīng)用場合，閉路電視的節(jié)目被錄在磁帶上備以后播放。24. This can be done by dividing 139 by 100, to gi

39、ve 1.39. 這可以通過用100除139做到，從而得到1.39。25. Solar cells enable the power to be obtained from the sun. 太陽能電池能使人們從太陽獲得能量。 26. American writer Alice Kahn is said to have invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers. 據(jù)說美國作家愛麗絲·卡恩發(fā)明了這個詞匯，用來描述在電腦前花大把時間的年輕人。 27. The Eas

40、t China Sea is reported to have an abundance of stored natural gas. 據(jù)報道，中國東海貯藏豐富的天然氣。28. It is more difficult for heat to flow through a thick slab than a thin one. 熱量流過厚板比流過薄板困難。29. Machines make it possible for us to develop a large force with a small one.機(jī)器使我們能用一個小力產(chǎn)生一個大力。30. A parallel circuit p

41、rovides more than one path for the current to flow through.并聯(lián)電路提供了電流通過的多條通道。31. For a transistor to work normally, proper voltages must be applied to its electrodes.為了使晶體管能夠正常工作，必須給它的各個電極加上適當(dāng)?shù)碾妷骸?2. It is possible for there to be a current in the circuit under such a condition.在此條件下電路中有可能存在電流。33. Pe

42、rhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to big cities. 也許（現(xiàn)代化）運輸和通訊手段事實上已經(jīng)使大城市消失成為可能。 名詞與動名詞 1. Wind is moving air. 風(fēng)是運動的空氣。2. Fig. 6 is a photograph of a freely falling body. 圖6顯示了一個自由落體的照片。3. Voltage is equal to current multiplied by

43、resistance. 電壓等于電流乘以電阻。4. Speed is equal to distance divided by time. 速度等于距離除以時間。5. An increased bandwidth will also contain additional noise. 增加帶寬，也會增加噪聲。6. Often called a chain hoist（鏈?zhǔn)狡鹬貦C(jī)）, this device is used to lift heavy objects in factories. 這種設(shè)備通常稱為鏈?zhǔn)狡鹬貦C(jī)，在工廠用它來提起重物。7. Heat, being energy, can

44、 be measured in foot-pounds or joules or ergs. 由于熱是能量，所以可以用英尺-磅或用焦耳或爾格來度量8. Silver is the best conductor, followed by copper. 銀是最好的導(dǎo)體，其次是銅。9. The surface of the water becomes covered with waves. 水的表面布滿水波。10. The iron bar has become magnetized. 這個鐵棒已經(jīng)磁化。11. The drivers object is to keep the automobil

45、e travelling in the center of a chosen lane on the road. 司機(jī)的目標(biāo)是使汽車保持行駛在道路上所選車道的中央。12. This machine has its program stored in the computers memory.該機(jī)器把它的程序存儲在計算機(jī)的存儲器里。13. This (having been) done, the function becomes much simpler. 這樣處理了以后，該函數(shù)變得簡單多了。14. There are several basic laws governing these int

46、eractions, all of them discovered in the 19th century. 支配這些相互作用的基本定律有幾個，它們都發(fā)現(xiàn)于19世紀(jì)。15. With friction present, a part of power has been lost as heat. 由于存在著摩擦，部分能量作為熱量消耗掉。16. All present states are stable with no inputs present. 在沒有輸入的情況下，目前所有的狀態(tài)均穩(wěn)定。17. The earth is perhaps the only planet with life o

47、n it. 地球也許是存在著生命的唯一行星。18. In erecting a receiving aerial (接收天線), attention must be paid to the factors affecting reception. 在安裝接收天線時，必須要注意到影響接收的那些因素。 19. The process is called discharging the charged body. 這一過程稱為使帶電體放電。20. We know of the earths acting as a big magnet. 我們知道地球的作用像一塊大磁鐵。 比較級和最高級1. Soun

48、d travels much more rapidly in hydrogen than in air. 聲音在氫氣中傳播要比在空氣中快得多。2. A set of rules enables us to calculate slopes far more easily.一組規(guī)則使得我們能更加容易地計算出斜率。3. There are a great many more compounds than elements. 化合物的種類要比元素多得多。4. The accelerating force（加速力） becomes smaller as the body approached the

49、center. 隨著物體趨近于中心，加速力變得越來越小。5. That cable is as long as 100 miles. 那根電纜長達(dá)一百英里。6. The chip is as thin as a few tenths of a millimeter. 這塊芯片薄達(dá)零點幾毫米。7. The collector-emitter (集電極-發(fā)射極) saturation voltage (飽和電壓) may be as large as 1 to 2 volts for high-power transistors(高功率晶體管).對于高功率晶體管來說，集電極-發(fā)射極之間的飽和電壓可

50、能高達(dá)1至2伏。8. There are as many designs as there are designers. 有多少個設(shè)計人員，就有多少種設(shè)計方案。9. The closer the plates (平板)are to one another, the greater amount of charge (電荷) is held.平板相互靠得越近，則保持的電荷量越大。10. The higher the body is lifted, the more potential energy (勢能)it possesses.該物體被提得越高，它具有的勢能就越大。11. The skin

51、effect(集膚效應(yīng))is greater the higher the frequency.頻率越高，集膚效應(yīng)就越大。12. The particles move more freely the higher the temperature. 溫度越高，粒子就運動得越自由。 否定與插入語1. No wire has no resistance. 沒有導(dǎo)線是沒有電阻的。（導(dǎo)線都有電阻。）2. Neither force (= Neither of the two forces) can exist without the other. 這兩個力均不能離開對方而存在。3. None of th

52、e four planets is/are habitable. 這四顆行星都不適合居住。4. Both instruments here are not good in quality. 這里的兩臺儀器的質(zhì)量并非都好。5. All the data are not to be checked. 并非全部數(shù)據(jù)都要核對。6. Velocity, we have noted before, is a vector. 我們在前面已經(jīng)注意到，速度是個矢量。7. In this case IC varies little with VCE, which we think is very importan

53、t. 在這種情況下，IC基本上與VCE無關(guān)，我們認(rèn)為這一點很重要。8. Now we connect a conductor charged with, let us say, positive electricity, to the ground.現(xiàn)在我們把帶有比如說正電的導(dǎo)體接地。9. The current in an inductor (電感器)lags the voltage by 90°or, what is the same thing, the voltage leads the current by 90°電感器的電流滯后于電壓90°，或者換個說

54、法，電壓導(dǎo)前電流90°。 定語從句1. There is not a single substance but has resistance to the flow of electrons. 沒有哪種物質(zhì)對電子的流動沒有阻力。/ 任何物質(zhì)對于電子的流動都有阻力。2. The specimen(樣品) is in the form of a ring on whose surface the wire is wound. 樣品的形式是在其表面上繞有導(dǎo)線的一個環(huán)。3. In the electron tube, the negative electrode is heated to t

55、he point where it emits electrons.在電子管中，負(fù)電極被加熱到它釋放電子的程度。 4. These equations are special cases where X0 and T0 are both zero. 這些等式是X0和T0均為零的特殊情況。5. The blood circulatory system is the system whereby blood is pumped to all the body tissues. 血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)就是把血液壓送到人體所有組織中去的系統(tǒng)。6. All that one should do is to adj

56、ust the resistance.人們所應(yīng)做的就是調(diào)整這個電阻。7. Computers are the most efficient assistants that man has ever had. 計算機(jī)是人類曾有過的效率最高的助手。 8. The meter (that) we use to measure pressure is known as a pressure gauge(壓力計）. 我們用來測量壓力的儀表稱為壓力計。 9. Iron is one of the metals (which) we are familiar with. 鐵是我們最熟悉的金屬之一。10. These vectors (矢量) are not added (in) the way (in which) numbers are added. 這些矢量的相加方法不同于數(shù)字相加的方法。11. The damped oscillation (阻尼振蕩)depends on the time (when/at which) the switch is closed. 阻尼振蕩取決于開關(guān)閉合的時間。12. The res